Advanced Master (LL.M.) in International Humanitarian Law Course Catalogue

Transcription

1 Advanced Master (LL.M.) in International Humanitarian Law Course Catalogue Maîtrise en études avancées (MAS) en droit international humanitaire Catalogue des cours

2 Foreword The Academy s aim is to produce the best possible Master s Programme in International Humanitarian Law. We have benefited from considerable goodwill and generous support from our founders: the Law Faculty of the University of Geneva and the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, as well as from our partners the Swiss Federal Department of Foreign Affairs and the International Committee of the Red Cross. We are also grateful for the support received for the Master s Programme from the Swiss Network for International Studies; this support has enabled us to develop the Programme in new and ambitious directions, adding extra optional courses and practical modules, reorienting the simulation, and providing for supervised internships as part of the programme. We have also now accommodated the Journal of International Criminal Justice at the Academy. The Journal, together with the Academy Lecture Series, has helped to raise the profile of the Academy among the community of scholars and practitioners working on the international law applicable in armed conflict. In turn we hope that students will benefit from the scholarly activities surrounding these and other publications and research projects. One such project which has already seen a degree of student participation is the Academy s Rule of Law in Armed Conflicts Project which is designed to present a web-based set of country profiles explaining the application of international law to particular conflicts around the world. The Master s Programme is as good as its students and we very much encourage you to consider joining, or recommending, this highly motivated and multinational student body. Andrew Clapham Andrew Clapham Director Andrew Clapham is Professor of International Law at the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies since Before joining the Institute, he was the Representative of Amnesty International to the United Nations in New York. His current research relates to the role of non-state actors in international law and related questions in human rights and humanitarian law. His publications include Human Rights: A Very Short Introduction (2007), Human Rights Obligations of Non-State Actors (2006), and International Human Rights Lexicon (2005), with Susan Marks. i

3 Avant-propos L objectif du programme de MAS est d apporter aux étudiants des connaissances juridiques critiques et approfondies dans des questions relatives aux conflits armés et situations d urgence. Dans ce but, les matières suivantes sont traitées: droit international humanitaire, droit international pénal, droit international des droits de l homme et droit international des réfugiés. L enseignement imparti à l Académie ne se limite cependant pas à ces matières fondamentales. Il ne traite d ailleurs pas des questions juridiques arides et abstraites, mais se concentre plutôt sur des problèmes qui se posent dans le monde autour de la violence armée : comment limiter cette violence, renforcer le cadre juridique qui régule ce type de conduite, améliorer la protection des personnes confrontées à la violence armée et poursuivre les responsables de violations sérieuses des droits humains et du droit international humanitaire devant les instances nationales ou internationales. Ces questions fascinantes et actuelles sont analysées dans les cours et séminaires impartis par des académiciens et praticiens reconnus mondialement. De plus, notre programme de Master, bien que rigoureux, n entend pas rester purement théorique ou académique. Il vise également à permettre l acquisition de connaissances pratiques. Dans ce but, l Académie organise un programme de Law Clinic avec les avocats de la défense des cours et tribunaux pénaux internationaux permettant aux étudiants de mener des recherches juridiques d actualité et pertinentes d un point de vue pratique. Outre ce programme, nos étudiants peuvent effectuer des stages auprès d organisations et instances internationales basées à Genève. Dans le même esprit, nous organisons des modules donnés par des professionnels d organisations internationales, un exercice de simulation durant le second semestre et une journée carrières à la fin du programme. Nos étudiants devraient donc pouvoir acquérir une excellente perspective pratique de qu ils apprennent ou ont appris et avoir l opportunité de se créer des contacts professionnels essentiels à leur avenir. Notre MAS a désormais une excellente réputation mondiale grâce à la vision claire de ses fondateurs, à la nature unique, excitante et stimulante du programme et à la grande qualité de l enseignement imparti. Toutefois, le succès du MAS vient aussi de ses participants. Nous sommes certains que nos futurs étudiants profiteront pleinement des opportunités intellectuelles et professionnelles qu offre notre programme, tout comme l ont fait leurs prédécesseurs. Paola Gaeta Paola Gaeta Directice du MAS Paola Gaeta est Professeure ordinaire de droit international pénal à la Faculté de droit de l Université de Genève et Professeure ordinaire de droit international à la Faculté de Sciences Politiques de l Université de Florence. Elle a obtenu son Doctorat en Droit à l Institut Universitaire Européen en Elle a été Visiting Fellow au Centre de recherche en droit international de Cambridge (1996) et chercheuse à l Institut T.M.C. Asser, La Haye (1998) et au Centre Mahler de droit pénal comparé, Paris (2000). Elle est membre du Comité éditorial du Journal of International Criminal Justice et du Comité éditorial de l European Journal of International Law. Ses publications comprennent: The UN Genocide Convention : A Commentary (éd.) (2009) et The Statute of the International Criminal Court: A Commentary (co-éditrice avec A. Cassese et J. R.W.D. Jones) (2001). ii

4 Le Programme L'Académie, établie conjointement par l Institut de hautes études internationales et du développement (IHEID) et par la Faculté de Droit de l Université de Genève, offre un programme unique de Master of Advanced Studies (MAS, équivalent à un LL.M.) en droit international humanitaire. Le programme, d'une durée de douze mois, compte 75 crédits ECTS et comprend des enseignements obligatoires (48 crédits ECTS), des cours et activités optionnels (6 crédits chacun, pour un total de 18 crédits ECTS), un exercice de simulation (2 crédits ECTS) et la rédaction d un mémoire de diplôme (13 crédits ECTS). Les cours obligatoires portent sur les cinq branches principales du droit international applicable aux conflits armés : droit international relatif à l usage de la force et au maintien de la paix, droit international humanitaire, droit international des droits de l homme, droit international pénal et droit des réfugiés. Ces cours sont dispensés en français et en anglais, au sein de deux sections distinctes. Ils sont complétés par des séminaires d appui donnés par les assistants d enseignement de l Académie. Une dizaine de cours à option permettent aux étudiants de se spécialiser dans un ou plusieurs des domaines fondamentaux enseignés durant le programme. Des options sont également disponibles en dehors du programme de l Académie, à l IHEID ou à la Faculté de droit. Les cours à option, dispensés en français ou en anglais, sont ouverts aux étudiants indépendamment de la section linguistique choisie pour les cours obligatoires. Les étudiants qui le souhaitent peuvent ainsi suivre un programme parfaitement bilingue. De nouvelles activités font désormais partie du programme et peuvent remplacer un ou plusieurs cours à option. D une part, les stages auprès d ONG et organisations intergouvernementales à Genève. L Académie s assure que le travail mené par les stagiaires soit de nature essentiellement juridique et en rapport avec les domaines abordés dans le MAS. D autre part, la participation à la nouvelle Law Clinic en droit international pénal, en collaboration avec l Association des Avocats de la défense devant le Tribunal Pénal International pour l ex-yougoslavie et le Bureau de la défense du Tribunal spécial pour le Liban. Les étudiants candidats à ces activités subissent un processus de sélection rigoureux. 1

5 The Programme The Academy, jointly established by the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies (the Graduate Institute) and the Faculty of Law of the University of Geneva, offers a unique LL.M. in International Humanitarian Law. The 12-month programme is worth 75 ECTS credits and includes compulsory courses (48 ECTS credits), optional courses and activities (6 credits each for a total of 18 ECTS credits), a simulation exercise (2 ECTS credits) and the writing of a dissertation (13 ECTS credits). Compulsory courses cover the five main branches of international law applicable to armed conflicts: International Law relating to the Use of Force and Peacekeeping, International Humanitarian Law, International Human Rights Law, International Refugee Law and International Criminal Law. These courses are taught in English and in French, in two separate sections. They are completed by tutorials given by the Academy s teaching assistants. A dozen optional courses allow students to specialize in one or more of the programme s main branches. Optional courses are also available outside the Academy s programme, either at the Graduate Institute or the Faculty of Law. These courses, taught in English or in French, are open to students regardless of the language chosen for the compulsory courses. Students can therefore follow a fully bilingual programme if they wish. New activities are now part of the programme and may replace optional courses. Students can carry out internships at local NGOs and intergovernmental organizations. The Academy ensures the work carried out by interns consists mainly of legal tasks relevant to the areas of study. Students can also participate in the new Law Clinic in International Criminal Law, which has been established in collaboration with the Defence Association of the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia and the Defence Office of the Special Tribunal for Lebanon. There is a rigorous selection process to participate in these activities. 2

6 Cours obligatoires (Section française) Droit international public (12 crédits ECTS) Giovanni Distefano I Université de Neuchâtel Séminaires d appui : Gloria Gaggioli Le cours porte sur les caractères saillants de la communauté internationale et sur les principes qui caractérisent son ordre juridique. Nous visons à brosser un tableau aussi complet que possible des éléments fondamentaux qui forment l ordre juridique international, de sorte que les étudiant(e)s aient, à la fin du semestre, une vision globale et systémique du droit international public dans ses protéiformes manifestations. A cette fin, y seront ainsi analysées et discutées les questions essentielles du droit international public général. Ce socle ainsi construit permettra aux étudiant(e)s d aborder les différents cours à option offerts par l Académie dans le cadre du MAS en droit international humanitaire dans les meilleures conditions. Les sujets qui seront abordés portent principalement sur la structure et les caractéristiques du droit international, la responsibilité internationale des Etats pour fait internationalement illicite et le règlement pacifique des différends internationaux. Professeur extraordinaire à l Université de Neuchâtel, Giovanni Distefano est titulaire d'un doctorat en relations internationales, mention droit international, de l'institut universitaire de hautes études internationales. De 2002 à 2004, Giovanni Distefano était chargé de cours pour le Département de droit international public et organisations internationales et Maître assistant pour l'institut de droit public à l'université de Lausanne. II est ou a été professeur invité dans diverses universités (incluant l'université Libre de Bruxelles, l'australian National University, les Universités de Vérone et Catane, et l'université des Emirats Arabes Unis.) Droit international humanitaire (12 crédits ECTS) Yves Sandoz I Membre du Comité international de la Croix-Rouge Séminaires d appui : Dr. Damien Scalia L objectif poursuivi est de donner aux étudiants une connaissance aussi complète que possible du droit international humanitaire (DIH) à travers l examen de ses règles conventionnelles et coutumières ainsi que de la jurisprudence et de la doctrine. Le cours cherchera en outre à faire prendre conscience des difficultés et des dilemmes rencontrés dans la pratique. Dans sa première partie, le cours passera en revue les principes sur lesquels reposent le DIH ainsi que les situations dans lesquelles il s applique (conflits armés internationaux ou non) et les problèmes d applicabilité. Il examinera ensuite toutes les grandes matières de ce droit : blessés, malades, naufragés, combattants, prisonniers de guerre, population civile, assistance humanitaire, occupation, conduite des hostilités et restriction de l usage de certaines armes. Il se penchera également sur la mise en œuvre du DIH, le contrôle de son application, les défis actuels et les perspectives d avenir. La seconde partie permettra d approfondir davantage certains sujets choisis (tels les compagnies privées de sécurité, les assassinats ciblés ou le statut des civils participant aux hostilités). Yves Sandoz est docteur en droit de l'université de Neuchâtel. Il a fait l'essentiel de sa carrière au service du Comité international de la Croix-Rouge (CICR). Après diverses missions sur le terrain, il a travaillé en tant que juriste au siège de l'institution avant de prendre la direction du droit international et de la doctrine, fonction qu'il a occupée pendant 18 ans. Il a en outre présidé la Commission académique de l'institut de droit international 3

7 Cours obligatoires (Section française) humanitaire pendant une douzaine d'années. Dès 2000, il s'est consacré au projet de création du Centre universitaire de droit international humanitaire (CUDIH), depuis 2007 l'académie de droit international humanitaire et de droits humains à Genève, et il a participé à la direction provisoire de ce Centre à ses débuts. Il a été chargé de cours à l'université de Fribourg et donne un séminaire annuel au Collège d'europe à Bruges. Il a été élu membre du CICR en septembre 2002 et est également membre de l'institut international des droits de l'homme. Droit international des droits de l'homme dans les conflits armés et situations de crise (6 crédits ECTS) Vincent Chetail I Institut de hautes études internationales et du développement Séminaires d appui : Gloria Gaggioli Bien que le droit international humanitaire ait longtemps été considéré comme la seule branche du droit international régissant les conflits armés, les droits de l homme se sont progressivement imposés comme un cadre normatif incontournable, dont il est plus que jamais nécessaire de cerner l étendue et le contenu. Le présent cours propose à cette fin une étude systématique des diverses règles du droit international des droits de l homme applicables aux conflits armés. Une attention particulière sera accordée à la pratique jurisprudentielle des différents organes de contrôle des traités relatifs aux droits de l homme. Le cours comportera une première partie consacrée au cadre conceptuel et normatif des droits de l homme applicables aux situations de conflits armés. Il procèdera ensuite à l examen des différentes catégories de droits fondamentaux particulièrement affectés par de telles situations (intégrité, garanties procédurales, libertés fondamentales, droits économiques et sociaux). Vincent Chetail est Professeur adjoint en droit international public à l'institut de hautes études internationales et du développement (Genève). Il est directeur de la recherche à l'académie de droit international humanitaire et des droits humains à Genève et au Programme pour l'étude des migrations globales de l Institut. II est ou a été professeur invité dans diverses universités (incluant Paris XI, Tunis II, Lyon III, l Université Libre de Bruxelles, l Institut international des droits de l'homme de Strasbourg et l Institut international de droit humanitaire de San Remo). Il est Rédacteur-en-Chef du Refugee Survey Quarterly (Oxford University Press) et Directeur des collections «Organisation internationale et relations internationales» et «Axes» chez Bruylant, Bruxelles. Droit international pénal (6 crédits ECTS) Olivier de Frouville I Université de Montpellier 1 Séminaires d appui : Dr. Damien Scalia Après la Seconde guerre mondiale ont été créés les deux Tribunaux militaires internationaux de Nuremberg et de Tokyo chargés de juger les criminels de guerre allemands et japonais. Ces «tribunaux de vainqueurs» représentaient en même temps la première tentative dans l Histoire de juger les auteurs de crimes graves «révoltant la conscience de l humanité», indépendamment de la qualité officielle des criminels et de leur position dans la hiérarchie de l Etat. Après une mise en sommeil due à la guerre froide, la justice pénale internationale a 4

8 Cours obligatoires (Section française) connu un renouveau avec la création des deux tribunaux «ad hoc» sur l ex-yougoslavie et le Rwanda en 1993 et 1994, puis celle de la Cour pénale internationale en A travers leur jurisprudence, ces institutions ont fait du «droit international pénal» une discipline à part entière. Ce cours constitue d'abord une introduction générale de la matière : définition, délimitation, brève histoire, sources du droit international pénal. Il s'attache ensuite aux aspects substantiels de la discipline: infractions internationales (génocide, crimes contre l'humanité, crimes de guerre) et responsabilité pénale individuelle. Olivier de Frouville est professeur de droit public à l'université de Montpellier 1 et membre de l'institut de Droit Européen des Droits de l'homme (IDEDH). Il enseigne le droit international pénal depuis 2002, le droit international public, le droit international des droits de l'homme et le droit international économique. Il est également chargé de cours à l'université Paris Il (Panthéon-Assas). Chargé de mission de la Fédération Internationale des Ligues des Droits de l'homme (FIDH), Olivier de Frouville a notamment représenté cette organisation dans le cadre de la négociation de la Déclaration sur les défenseurs des droits de l'homme (1995/1998) et plus récemment de la Convention internationale pour la protection de toutes les personnes contre les disparitions forcées (2003/2006). Droit des réfugiés (6 crédits ECTS) Vincent Chetail I Institut de hautes études internationales et du développement Séminaires d appui : Gloria Gaggioli Le cours se propose d analyser les différentes règles de droit international régissant la condition des réfugiés. Il se décomposera en deux volets essentiels. La première partie étudiera les sources (tant internationales que régionales) et les principes fondamentaux du droit international des réfugiés, incluant l'asile territorial, le principe de non-refoulement et les procédures d'asile. La seconde partie se concentrera ensuite sur la définition du réfugié et des bénéficiaires de la protection subsidiaire, en accordant une attention particulière à la jurisprudence des Etats parties à la Convention de Genève de 1951 relative au statut des réfugiés. Voir la biographie de Vincent Chetail sous Droit international des droits de l homme dans les conflits armés et situations de crise. 5

9 Core courses (English section) Public International Law (12 ECTS credits) Robert Kolb I University of Geneva Tutorials: Cristina Verones This course discusses the principles characterising the legal order of the international society composed of States and some other international persons. The lectures aim at providing a selective overview of the fundamental elements which constitute the inter-national legal order so that at the end of the semester, students have a global vision of public international law in its multifaceted manifestations. The subject matter covered include the sources of law, in particular the law of treaties, territory, international responsibility, peaceful settlement of disputes and the basic framework governing the maintenance of peace. Robert Kolb holds a law degree from the University of Bern, a postgraduate degree in public international law from the Graduate Institute of International Studies, Geneva, an LL.M. degree in the law of the sea from University College, University of London, a doctorate in international law from the Graduate Institute and a venia docendi following a post-doctoral thesis at the University of Bern. He has been Secretary of the Institute of International Law since In 2004, he was appointed Counsel for Lalive Attorneys-at-Law, Geneva. Since 2007, Robert Kolb has been Full Professor of International Law at the University of Geneva. International Humanitarian Law (12 ECTS credits) Marco Sassòli I University of Geneva Tutorials: Katja Schöberl The course will be based on contemporary practice in the field of IHL. The main learning method will be inductive, i.e. students will acquire knowledge of IHL by discovering and discussing its rules applicable to practical cases taken from contemporary practice. This means that students have to prepare for every class and acquire their knowledge of the relevant IHL rules through their own reading before the relevant case or subject is discussed. As a complement to this inductive learning method the professor will present, in the form of lectures, a conceptual and theoretical framework covering what has been learned from a case, issues not appearing in a case, and particularly difficult and controversial subjects. Marco Sassòli, a national of Switzerland and Italy, is since March 2004 Professor of International Law at the University of Geneva, Switzerland. From , Marco Sassòli was Professor of International Law at the University of Québec, Montréal, where he remains Associate Professor. He is also Associate Professor at the University of Laval. Marco Sassòli chairs the Board of Geneva Call, and he chaired the board of the Academy from October 2004 to February He is also a member of the Board of the International Council of Human Rights Policy. He is currently engaged in a research project funded by the Swiss National Science Foundation on private security companies and international humanitarian law. He graduated with a Doctor of Laws from the University of Basel (Switzerland) and is member of the Swiss Bar. He worked from for the International Committee of the Red Cross. He has also served as Executive Secretary of the International Commission of Jurists and as Registrar at the Swiss Supreme Court. 6

10 Core courses (English section) International Human Rights Law Applicable in Armed Conflicts and States of Emergency (6 ECTS credits) Louise Doswald-Beck I Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies Tutorials: Katja Schöberl The course provides an in-depth knowledge of human rights law in armed conflicts and counter-terrorism situations. After a short introduction to basic principles of human rights, the course concentrates on rights most affected by such situations, namely, the rights to life, liberty, and fair trial and the prohibition of torture and other inhuman or degrading treatment. The course examines the regimes applicable to states of emergency as well as restrictions to liberties such as freedom of expression and private life for the purpose of national security. Case-law is taken from the United Nations treaty-bodies as well as those from the European, Inter-American and African regional human rights systems. Louise Doswald-Beck is Professor of International Law at the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies and was the Director of the University Centre for International Humanitarian Law (the «CUDIH», predecessor to the Academy) from 2003 to 2007 Of British origin, she began her academic career in 1975 after being called to the Bar in London. She was a lecturer in international law at Exeter University and then at London University where she taught, inter alia, LL.M. courses on the law of armed conflict and the use of force and the international protection of human rights. Between 1987 and 2001, she was a Legal Adviser at the International Committee of the Red Cross and became Head of the Legal Division in Between 2001 and 2003, she was Secretary-General of the International Commission of Jurists. International Criminal Law (6 ECTS credits) Paola Gaeta I Universities of Geneva and Florence Tutorials: Cristina Verones This course aims at giving students an in-depth knowledge of the most crucial issues of international criminal law. After dealing briefly with the birth and evolution of international criminal law as a branch of public international law with regard to the so-called core crimes, the course focuses on the legal ingredients of each core crime (war crimes, crimes against humanity and genocide), plus a few other crimes (torture, aggression and terrorism in warfare as a discrete international crime). The course also deals with the various forms of criminal accountability, defences and excuses, and the question of international immunities for State officials. As for the mechanisms to enforce international criminal law, the course examines the role of international and mixed tribunals and the role of national criminal jurisdictions in repressing international crimes, focusing in particular on the legitimate grounds of criminal jurisdiction under international law and the question of universal criminal jurisdiction. Paola Gaeta is Full Professor of International Criminal Law at the Law Faculty of the University of Geneva and Full Professor of International Law at the Faculty of Political Science of the University of Florence. She obtained her PhD in Law at the European University Institute in She was Visiting Fellow at the Research Centre for International Law, Cambridge (1996), and Researcher at the TM.C. Asser Institute, The Hague (1998) and 7

11 Core courses (English section) the Centre Mahler de droit pénal comparé, Paris (2000). She is a Member of the Editorial Board of the Journal of International Criminal Justice and of the Editorial Board of the European Journal of International Law. Her publications include The UN Genocide Convention: A Commentary (ed.) (2009) and The Statute of the International Criminal Court: A Commentary (co-editor with A. Cassese and J. R.W D. Jones) (2001). International Refugee Law (6 ECTS credits) Guy S. Goodwin-Gill I Oxford University Tutorials: Cristina Verones Following a review of the history of international refugee law, the course focuses on the legal context, including the rights and obligations of States and the rights of individuals. The 1951 Convention and 1967 Protocol relating to the Status of Refugees are reviewed, with due regard also to human rights protection. Who is a refugee, and how decisions are made, are examined, with reference to key terms, such as persecution, race, religion, political opinion and social group, and in light of selected contemporary issues, such as conscientious objection to military service, women refugees, flight from conflict, security, terrorism, and "exclusion". The course also considers the legal standing of currently contested issues, such as the "right to seek asylum, the principle of non-refoulement, procedural standards, the responsibility to determine asylum claims, and extra-territorial measures of interception. Examples from different jurisdictions and the practice of the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees are used to focus attention on the adequacy of existing international mechanisms, particularly in the face of the challenges presented by migration, internal displacement, complex emergencies (including protracted conflict) and humanitarian assistance. Guy S. Goodwin-Gill is a Senior Research Fellow of AII Souls College, Oxford and Professor of International Refugee Law at the University of Oxford. He was formerly Professor of Asylum Law at the University of Amsterdam, and served as a Legal Adviser in the Office of United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees in various countries from He is the Founding Editor of the International Journal of Refugee Law and was Editor-in-Chief from Recent publications include The Refugee in International Law, 3rd ed. (with Dr Jane McAdam) (2007) and Free and Fair Elections, 2nd ed. (2006). 8

12 Optional courses Cours à option Special Rules of Protection during Armed Conflicts (6 ECTS credits) Louise Doswald-Beck Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies This option complements the main year-long course in international humanitarian law. It will deal with issues that the main IHL course is not able to cover at all, or can only be mentioned in passing. The subject matters will be primarily studied from the angle of IHL but will also, where appropriate, make reference to other relevant branches of international law. The first half of the course will concentrate on special protections accorded to certain categories of people and objects. The second half will concentrate on prohibitions and restrictions on the use and possession of weapons. See the biography of Louise Doswald-Beck under International Human Rights Law. Reparation to Victims of International Crimes (6 ECTS credits) Paola Gaeta I Universities of Geneva and Florence This course examines the obligation of States and non-state actors to repair serious violations of human rights law. The course is divided into three parts. The first part concerns the obligation of States: after a general introduction on the notion of reparation for international wrongful acts under the law of State responsibility, the obligation for States to repair serious violations of human rights and IHL, both under treaties and under customary international law will be discussed. The mechanisms that have been created both at the international and national level to provide reparation to victims of international crimes are also examined. The second part discusses the obligation of non-state actors to repair serious violations of human rights and humanitarian law, with a particular emphasis on the obligation of armed groups and corporations. The third part focuses on the possibility for individuals to obtain compensation by bringing a claim against the responsible State before national courts. In this regard, particular emphasis is placed on the US Alien Tort Claims Act and the possible relevance of immunities and doctrines such as the "political act" doctrine. See the biography of Paola Gaeta under International Criminal Law. International and National Case Law on the Use of Lethal Force (6 ECTS credits) Nils Melzer I International Committee of the Red Cross This course conducts a comparative in-depth analysis into the international legal standards governing the use of force against human beings in police, military and counterterrorism operations. Based on practical examples, jurisprudence and theoretical analysis, a series of foundational lectures distinguish the concepts of "law enforcement", "counter-terrorism" and "hostilities" and introduce the specific rules and principles governing the use of force against human beings in each situation. Particular focus is given to legal grey-zones and areas of overlap arising from the increasingly blurred distinction between police and military activities and the privatization of the use of force. The overarching aim of the course is to illustrate and reaffirm the practical relevance of the rule of law with regard to the use of force in the contemporary security environment. Nils Melzer is Legal Adviser for the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) and holds a PhD in Law from the University of Zürich (summa cum laude). Since 2004, he has 9

13 Optional courses Cours à option been responsible for the ICRC's expert process aimed at clarifying international humanitarian law relating to the issue of civilian participation in hostilities. Dr. Melzer is specialised in issues of targeting and the use of force in police, counter-terrorism and military operations and has published several works, including his recent books Targeted Killing in International Law (2008) and ICRC s Interpretive Guidance on the Notion of Direct Participation in Hostilities under International Humanitarian law (2009). La prééminence du droit de l usage de la force lors des opérations militaires, de police et de contre-terrorisme (6 ECTS credits) Nils Melzer I Comité international de la Croix-Rouge Ce cours analysera d'une manière approfondie les standards internationaux régissant l usage de force lors des opérations militaires, de police et de contre-terrorisme. La première partie du cours visera à distinguer les concepts de maintien de l ordre et des hostilités et à comparer les principes et les règles du droit international régissant l usage de la force dans chaque situation, en insistant particulièrement sur les "zones grises" juridiques. La deuxième partie du cours permettra aux étudiants de choisir et d examiner des cas pratiques d actualité qui seront ensuite présentés et discutés en groupe. L objectif principal du cours sera d illustrer et de réaffirmer l importance pratique de la prééminence du droit ("rule of law") concernant l usage de force dans l environnement de sécurité actuelle. Nils Melzer est Conseiller juridique au Comité international de la Croix-Rouge et possède un Doctorat en Droit de l Université de Zürich (summa cum laude). Il a été responsable du processus d experts du CICR qui vise à clarifier le droit international humanitaire relatif à la question de la participation des civils aux hostilités ( ). Le Dr. Melzer a publié de nombreux ouvrages, dont les plus récents sont Targeted Killing in International Law (2008) et ICRC's Interpretive Guidance on the Notion of Direct Participation in Hostilities under International Humanitarian Law (2009). Insider s Perspective on International Criminal Justice (6 ECTS credits) Guenael Mettraux I Legal Counsel before International criminal courts and tribunals An original insider s perspective on international criminal justice. Challenges pertaining to issues such as forms of liability, crimes and the rights of the accused will be considered from a practical perspective of the parties involved in such proceedings. Procedural evidence, strategic and political difficulties involved in the investigation, preparation and presentation of such cases will be put into the context of existing war crimes cases. Guenael Mettraux is appearing as counsel before international criminal jurisdictions. He is also a consultant in a number of other international criminal cases and for the Defence Offices of the Extraordinary Chambers in the Court of Cambodia and at the Special Tribunal for Lebanon. He is a guest lecturer at the University of Leiden. His publications include International Crimes and the ad hoc Tribunals (2005), Perspectives on the Nuremberg Trial (2008) and The Law of Command Responsibility (2009) which was awarded the Lieber Prize from the American Society of International Law. 10

14 Optional courses Cours à option The UN and the Emerging Culture of the End of Impunity (6 ECTS credits) Nicolas Michel I Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies and University of Geneva The UN today aims at bringing an end to the impunity of the perpetrators of international crimes (genocide, crimes against humanity and war crimes). The creation of international tribunals, as well as the assistance given to the creation of mixed or hybrid tribunals, and of the International Criminal Court clearly illustrate the central role played by the UN in that process. At the end of the course the participants should understand the historic context of these developments, have a good knowledge of the main institutional aspects of the emerging culture of the end of impunity, and be able to analyse thematic issues like the relationship between courts and tribunals on the one hand and traditional mechanisms of justice or truth and reconciliation processes on the other, as well as the relationship between peace and justice processes in concrete situations. Professor at the Faculty of Law of the University of Geneva, Nicolas Michel is also Adjunct Professor at the Graduate Institute of International Studies and Development. Since March 2009 he chairs the Board of the Academy. From , he was Under-Secretary- General for Legal Affairs and United Nations Legal Counsel. He holds a Privat Docent and a Doctorate in Law from the University of Fribourg (Switzerland), a Master in International Relations from Georgetown University, Washington, D.C., and has been admitted to the Swiss Bar. He was a Professor at the University of Fribourg from 1987 to He was Director for Public International Law from and Legal Advisor for the Swiss Federal Department of Foreign Affairs from Economic, Social and Cultural Rights in Armed Conflict (6 ECTS credits) Eibe Riedel I Swiss Chair of Human Rights This course-seminar will address specific problems of economic, social and cultural rights (ESCR) in situations of armed conflict. Issues addressed range from international humanitarian law (IHL) norms with ESCR relevance, to the dimensions of ESCR realization of groups of individuals, minorities and indigenous people. The problems of emergency assistance in armed conflict will be looked at from an HR and IHL perspective; the ICJ Wall opinion and the decisions of the Israeli High Court and Supreme Court concerning the Occupied Palestinian Territory will be looked at through the lens of ESC rights. In addition, limitations, exceptions and reservations to ESC rights in armed conflict and specific rights with their IHL dimension (rights to life, health, food, housing, water/sanitation, and access to energy) will be reviewed. Human Rights Indicators: Meeting Human Rights Targets (6 ECTS credits) In this seminar the monitoring of States performance in realizing human rights treaty obligations will be looked at from various theoretical and practical angles. The notions of indicators and benchmarks will be assessed, and their effect on State reporting to human rights treaty bodies analysed. The issue of resource allocation and use of indicators will be critically discussed. Macro- and micro-analyses of rights realization will be scanned, ranging from topics such as the rights to health, food, water and sanitation, education, to macro- 11

15 Optional courses Cours à option analyses of the rights to development, participation, good governance, poverty reduction and their nexus with the Millennium Development Goals, and the monitoring roles of States, treaty bodies, inter-governmental organizations and civil society in determining indicators and benchmarks will be critically reviewed. Peace-keeping and Human Rights (6 ECTS credits) This course/seminar will focus on the inter-relationship of the peace-keeping system with the universal protection of human rights. Humanitarian interventions and missions, and the relevance of international human rights law and terrorism, and the limitation clauses in human rights treaties will be discussed. More generally, problems of rights protection in situations of armed conflict and recent developments in international law will be analysed. Case studies on Iraq, Afghanistan, Western Sahara, Palestine, Sudan, Lebanon, Kosovo and other recent conflict situations will serve as illustrations of problems and process. The Right to Health (6 ECTS credits) This course-seminar focuses on the human right to health (RTH). It will address definitional problems, contrasting human rights dimensions and health strategies, policies and plans of action in the field of health protection. Specific problems will be discussed in more detail, such as women s health, the RTH in emergencies, marginalized and disadvantaged individuals and groups, the challenges for indigenous peoples, and RTH realization in times of emergencies and armed conflict. Particular groups, such as migrants, refugees and asylum seekers, Lesbian, Gay, Transgender and Intersex persons, and the problems of adequate health protection for prisoners and detainees will be looked at. Particular attention will be paid to the concept of a core content of the RTH, access to essential medicines, combat against HIV/AIDS and other epidemics and pandemics. Eibe Riedel is the Swiss Chair of Human Rights at the Geneva Academy of International Humanitarian Law and Human Rights, Chair of German and Comparative Public Law, European and International Law (em.) at the University of Mannheim, Germany, and a member of the UN Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights. He studied law and theology at King s College London, and law at the University of Kiel/ Germany. He obtained his Dr. iuris in 1974 and Dr. iur. habil. in He has been a Professor of Public Law and International Law at the University of Mainz, then at the University of Marburg, then at Mannheim. Prof. Riedel has recently been appointed a Judge at the Hague Permanent Court of Arbitration. He is a Director of the Inland Navigation Law Institute, and the Director of the Institute of Medical Law, Bioethics and Public Health. He was Pro-Vice Chancellor of the University of Mannheim from Prof. Riedel is currently a member of the Scientific Advisory Council at the German Foreign Office; member of the German UNESCO Commission; Chairperson, Advisory Council on Students Fees, Baden-Württemberg; Honorary Adjunct Professor, University of Adelaide; and Visiting Professor, University of Kingston. 12

16 Optional courses Cours à option International Criminal Courts and Tribunals (6 ECTS credits) William Schabas I National University of Ireland (Galway) This course will study the international criminal tribunals, starting with the International Military Tribunals at Nuremberg and Tokyo, the "ad hoc" international criminal tribunals established by the United Nations for the former Yugoslavia, Rwanda, Sierra Leone and Lebanon, and the International Criminal Court. It will consider the legal basis for their creation, the political dimension of their establishment and operation, the crimes within their jurisdiction, admissibility, procedure and substantive issues including penalties. Some of the major philosophical issues are examined, including retroactive prosecution and the selection of situations and cases. Contemporary practice of the International Criminal Court is studied. By the end of the course students should be familiar with the main authorities, including the applicable instruments, the leading cases and the academic writing on the subject. William Schabas is Professor of Human Rights Law at the National University of Ireland, Galway, and Director of the Irish Centre for Human Rights. His numerous publications include Genocide in International Law (2000), The Abolition of the Death Penalty in International Law (2002), The United Nations International Criminal Tribunals, the former Yugoslavia, Rwanda, Sierra Leone (2006), International Human Rights Law and Canadian Law: Legal Commitment, Implementation and the Charter (2007). He is Editor-in-chief of the Criminal Law Forum, and a member of the Board of Trustees of the United Nations Voluntary Fund for Technical Cooperation in the Field of Human Rights. La justice pénale internationale en action : les règles de procédure et de preuve (6 ECTS credits) Salvatore Zappalà I Université de Catania Le cours porte sur les principes fondamentaux de fonctionnement de la justice pénale internationale, et, notamment, sur les règles de procédure et de preuve des tribunaux pénaux internationaux ad hoc (TPIJ, TPIR etc.), de la Cour pénale internationale et des tribunaux mixtes ou internationalisés. Sur la base de la pratique internationale (règlement de procédure et de preuve des tribunaux, jurisprudence etc.) l'objectif sera de parvenir à identifier des principes généraux applicables devant toute instance internationale jugeant des individus accusés de crimes internationaux (crimes de guerre, crimes contre l'humanité, génocide, actes de terrorisme international, torture etc.) Le cours suivra le développement des procès pénaux internationaux de l'enquête jusqu'à l'exécution des peines, en passant par les procédures de mise en état et de jugement. Au centre de l'analyse on placera le droit international des droits de l'homme avec toutes ses implications: de la présomption d'innocence aux principes du procès équitable. Salvatore Angelo Zappalà, Docteur en Droit de l Institut Universitaire Européen de Florence (2000), est actuellement Professeur ordinaire de Droit international à la Faculté de droit de l Université de Catania. Il a été Professeur associé de Droit international à la Faculté des sciences politiques de l Université de Florence ( ) et chargé de cours en Droit international à l Université de Pise ( ). Depuis 2008, il est le Représentant italien à la Commission de l UE sur les questions relatives à la CPI (COJUR-ICC). Il a été 13

17 Optional courses Cours à option Coordinateur scientifique du Programme de formation de haut niveau en Droit international pénal (ETHICS), fondé par l UE, au Centre Robert Schuman d études avancées de l Institut Européen de Florence ( ). Il est Managing Director du Journal of International Criminal Justice et membre du Comité editorial de la même revue. Targeting Process: a Military Legal Adviser s Perspective (6 ECTS credits) Pascal Zen-Ruffinen I Office of the Swiss Armed Forces Attorney General This optional course will present students with the military targeting process, the operational legal standards governing targeting and the role played by military legal advisers and commanders. Based on examples, case law and practice, a series of foundational lectures will introduce the operational law, the targeting process and the role of the legal staff. The first part of the course will focus on targeting in armed conflicts whereas the second part will concentrate on targeting in law enforcement operations. Students will be invited to analyze targets and to solve cases studies related to legal targeting issues and prepare short thematic presentations individually and in teams. The overarching aim of the course is to familiarize the students with the targeting cycle and to illustrate the complexity of the military and/or civilian legal adviser s role with specific regard to the use of force in sensitive operational environments. A Swiss national, Lt.-Col. Pascal Zen-Ruffinen is Examining magistrate at the Office of the Armed Forces Attorney General. After his Law studies, he trained as legal advisor and military judge both in the Swiss Army and abroad. Lt.-Col. P. Zen-Ruffinen was supra-regional Delegate of the International Committee of the Red Cross to armed forces and other weapon bearers in Southern Africa and the Indian Ocean. He then worked for the International Law of Armed Conflict Section at the Staff of the Chief of Swiss Armed Forces and was military legal advisor to the Special Operations Command. He participated in various missions and training sessions abroad as well as external operations for the Swiss Armed Forces, the International Committee of the Red Cross and the Organisation for Cooperation and Security in Europe. He has taught operational military law at Swiss and foreign civil and military institutions and organisations. 14

18 Other optional courses Autres cours à option The following courses offered by the Graduate Institute or by the Law Faculty are included in the Programme: Gianluca Burci, International Health Law (Graduate Institute, 6 ECTS credits); Vincent Chetail, Droit international et consolidation de la paix (IHEID, 6 crédits ECTS); Andrew Clapham, Human Rights Through the Concepts (Graduate Institute, 6 ECTS credits); Andrew Clapham, The International Legal Framework for the Protection of Human Rights (Graduate Institute, 6 ECTS credits); Paola Gaeta, International Criminal Law through the Cases in National and International courts (Graduate Institute, 6 ECTS credits); Nicolas Michel, La responsabilité de protéger (Graduate Institute, 6 ECTS credits); Robert Roth, Droit pénal européen (Faculté de droit, 6 crédits ECTS). Les cours suivants, offerts par l Institut de hautes études internationales et du developpement et la Faculté de droit, sont inclus dans le programme: Gianluca Burci, International Health Law (Graduate Institute, 6 ECTS credits); Vincent Chetail, Droit international et consolidation de la paix (IHEID, 6 crédits ECTS); Andrew Clapham, Human Rights Through the Concepts (Graduate Institute, 6 ECTS credits); Andrew Clapham,The International Legal Framework for the Protection of Human Rights (Graduate Institute, 6 ECTS credits); Paola Gaeta, International Criminal Law through the Cases in National and International courts (Graduate Institute, 6 ECTS credits); Nicolas Michel, La responsabilité de protéger (IHEID, 6 ECTS credits); Robert Roth, Droit pénal européen (Faculté de droit, 6 crédits ECTS). 15

19 Geneva Academy of International Humanitarian Law and Human Rights Académie de droit international humanitaire et de droits humains à Genève Rue de Lausanne 120 B CP 67 CH Genève 21 Phone: +41 (0) Fax: +41 (0) info@adh-geneve.ch