!"#$$%&" ()* +, - !,. ' /!0 12& ( /34 12& ( 5 '/6 12& 78 /(9: 12& "* 4 78 '/(7 * 77/ ;! =#=#>7?.4(".;

Transcription

1 !"#$$%&" ' ()* +, -!,. ' /!0 12& ( /34 12& ( 5 '/6 12& 78 /(9: 12& "* 4 78 ( * 77/ ;! '/(7 * 77/ ;! ( /34 () 1 2&'6( "/ <<* =#=#>7?.4(".; ;!

2

3

4

5

6

7 !! 3! 34 / 1 2 & (!0 /12& (@ &A!@;-!";!! -&. B ( *! 2 34 (9 &@,.-&;!2!0 &@,. 78B ( 2 6 5/! 78! B!&;!! 1!- & B 3&" * &**? 2B ( *!2! 4 (9:B&*? ; B ( ;-* " B<@0@0" 2!- 8!" 1 B (* /@!&@0.!-!! 2 D11 @; 1 A -B( 2"7/@!2 "*"B 3! 8!&-"B1 * " E & ---,!B,!," /!C' 2.@/ &@"*"B ( 2 &- F 1B( ;@@! 78/ ;!"; G*! 2 3/ 67-!!! 7 ; / 2 *!A! 7H 2

8 -, *!-B "0* " 78!&@,&IB3&*? 2@2!!12 &!& J K 3&8-,& 3 2! 8!7!-@!@; B!& 1 1 B D 7 &@ " -!@!@;+!/!-!&"*/ & 7B3&8-,&1* 7@*K ( / &!A!B ( 2!! /./ " E!A! J J /@ !!! B8/,",!- 1!& -!!-1 /! 71-,@/&.78!"**CCC 1/! 2!1!/@@0!/-,@02! -,& "B(

9 "!8 B ;.&; LLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLM B " LLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLN B! 7 77LLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLN <B ", 1 77LLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLO <B LLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLL! " # $#! LLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLM B D-1@; +LLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLN B < * +&- LLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLL% B &*2!) + LLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLO.78 LLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLL#> % " " & '! ( )# *# +! LLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLL#O B "!!11 LLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLL# B * 70 " LLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLM% B ", 1! 7 LLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLN#.78 LLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLN> # # $#,+! LLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLNO B LLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLN B "!- 7 7 LLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLN B & LLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLL>$ <B.78LLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLL>#!

10 @ 6( )-..,* # ##'!.+! LLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLL>O B LLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLL> B (7!) + LLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLL>= B -!* 2!) +"8@@LLLLLLLLLOO.78 LLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLO.*- # $# " & "# #-# +/! LLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLO= ** LLLLLLL B ;!&*!@! LLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLL# <B LLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLN.78 LLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLN $#0 ()# *# 1+! LLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLO B!7&.LLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLL &;LLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLL B LLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLL= <B " LLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLL= <B + LLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLL= <B *7.1!!* LLLLLLLLLLLLLLLM.78 LLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLN! +2 #0 #" & +! LLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLO B!7 LLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLL B 1! LLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLL B * LLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLL#$ <B.!* LLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLL#M <B & LLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLL#% <B LLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLM.78 LLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLM# 1 "# #! 3 &! LLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLMM B ",&;!* + LLLLLLLLLLLLLLLMN B && +LLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLM% B.*!1 LLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLN$.78 LLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLN> /4 "5 #,+! LLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLNO B +LLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLN B 7-; LLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLL># B (81!;LLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLL>O <B!8LLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLL%$.78 LLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLL%M 4 6#-.! LLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLL%> B LLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLL%%

11 B!8 LLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLL%% B.*&.8!; LLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLON.78 LLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLM *-# 1.! LLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLL> B!7@LLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLL% B <.*!1& + LLLLLLLLLLLLLLLL LLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLL= <B LLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLL=>.78 LLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLL=% " #$ B LLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLL== LLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLL#$ %&# 7 *5 - # # ()# *# #"##5 3"899+ 2# &#. #5+ : &/

12

13

14

15 M ' 9; 5 3"5 &*!!@! 7&-* &*- 1! 2 *-@/!-& " &! * &! + * &/ P! /!! '! B!7 2 +!! 1/ 1; " +2G.8!!* ; - * " B &", 1 ; &!&* + &&!!) + B "", 1/ 7 -* GH#$$B&", 1 -"!&*!) + B 7 7 "", 1/!&!!!!)&* + B&. &@- &*&@!8!&11-7* +!) &; &- 8, * B &.!) +! * + G@J*H * " +- 21! &A1"-/ * +/ - 2!1 / 1"!8!! +!"& +! 7&@!,/& "B 7 #- 2 & 7 # Figure 1 - Activités liées aux méthodes de maîtrise des coûts 2+", 70 B

16 ' N + 70 " B*.1!B!8! *.1! 2 "!7P - B ;8! *.1! ;, - 11!!7!) +B 1 8! *.1! ; "@ 70 B 99; # 7 7!! 2 ";! * +B #-# #0 B&. 11!,B &**!!)&* + B ;8! 2 # & # #! B 3 & &* &! 7 1!1-&Q "# #! &*&!8!1@! +B&;7@! ; +1Q 899@ 2 ; &&41!S"!-T &- -B B*,#$$$/1*1I(/&! G! 7. H&* -*!

17 > '!/ /.8! 1 / & B ; " GH G(*HB!!! 7 7GH B "! " / &,!! 7 "@ " & " & "! & GHB '(" ((!7* @BV * - 70 " @ * 2 "&@S8 -@2 B - *, & M$%! 1&.8!@A! 1@&B

18 ' % % ("(( 6"*7 "@. 1"!- 7 7 &! (-*;! < # M! Figure 2 - Phasage de notre recherche J*# "@ 70 " B@@ 2 < G, 70 ", 70 H/ 2 11-G2; 70 "; 70 # 0 &7! -G!= # <! 12/ # - B 17 G ;! 70 " ;HB

19 O ' 11 *78B '8! 2!! ; ** * +B!! B' 1; +.B 1/ - 1B &@ &- " &! &@S/ 7 7 ;,!! 70 " B 9=; 8< &", 7 7! 7 2!)2&* + -B!! ", 1@4", 1 >8?Z!8 7 7/ >8? Z "!- 1! & "!- 7 7/ >8? Z!7! &!!) &* + / >8,?ZJ-* 70 " 1 *7.1! 2!/ >8.?Z@!&!!!!) &* +.!!; -&A ;- " / >8?Z;!@ 7* +/ >8+?Z@!B

20 ' =; 7# # )!!78!M 7B J*M B!8 7 / # M 1 ; "!- 7 7B #B ;8! 7 N/ > % 2. &;B &. 7NG!) + H > G &* HB 7%.- 70 " B MB 8! * /! R@ &@ B 9 # & 8< 5 $# ; ;!- + ; ;!) + - ; 1!"! #"5,; () + Z &*&@!8 ;.- 70 " 8 8, +; '@ "&!* 8. 1; & +.*!1 /; (8!&; 8 ; (R@ 8+ # & Figure 3 - Plan de la thèse

21 = ' )% *"( + ",!"

22

23 !8Z; "!-

24

25 7 + &- #!8 + -B&", 1 7" [ 11!@-; +/ [ ;-,; 7 7! &@! 7 -B

26 ' & 'D' N 9; A#$# -#5! )"&*!) + +B -. & ; B ; + / + B *B + 1!1!!! (JJ / #$$#Y/ >HB + 1!! *-& + - ;! + 1"/ + + 1&B 1 1B' + 2 -& /!"*\/ &;!A! B + ; 2 / -& A 11! 2 1- XJ 'B/#$$Y/&@!.8! &, 2@&*&@B + ;! +!8/ +!1B +&/&;*!/ /!A! *- +& + ", 1 7@ ;! 7/

27 > ' & +&/&;", 1B,&7/ 2 X (B/ #$$>YB /;& * +&;! B &;!/ & " M$/!* &**! *!!/ &@!&@- +&;8*1>U 2 XJ /#$$MYB ; ;* +.8! * ; /;& 7! H@2!*,@!B 1@.8!X]BB/=O%YX J/==OYB &;!/X (B/#$$>Y! - 7 7@!/@/ / *-/G 9 7*/-! ;/KH/ G +! /1!/KHB +*"!1IJ^>$4>$B +1!!VWXJ M#>4/==%YB@ 7/ /! /@!P / 7//!!"B * @&/- '5B/==YG@"HB

28 ' & 'D' % 2 2 # % 4 # B 3&! #"! #"# #! (; * -!!!* 7*/! 9* 9* * (;!!* ( +. *P!!* 7* " G -H " G 4!*H Tableau 1 - Coût global sur le cycle de vie [ASSIEDU Y. et al., 1998] 99; =# &! " # (]B/#$$MQ5 '6B/#$$NY 7 8-@ -! "/ ;! ;- - -_ -` 1"X 6JB/#$$%YB 81%$/!@ -!-/ + 2*!*8!/!#!8 "*!! 1 &/ & & 7*-! +B / *! V6/ J/7W@! V*7/J/J7W==$X('( B(B /#$$$YB 11.(G(H/@! - *2";;X5 '6B/#$$NYB

29 O ' & 'D' HXJ / #$$MYB@;* 7- -!-/ * !@ /!" " -B!) "B / & *- 1! 2 ", 1 2 &/1!* B / 1! /! 8 &I!!!*-B1*! * &X '5 B/#$$>YB / +1 8,BX 'JB/#$$#Y*- &78/!F!- " " # $ % WB +- ". + ". / 0, ". " / 1 2, ( 3 4, ". 0 ( 5. 6(5. (, 0 " ; 0" & C'! 8 "-9:8"-: *- *!, 8 X ' JB / #$$$YB " X 6 JB/ #$$%Y *; -!; ; 1"! B/#$$NYB

30 ' & 'D' *! 2 &", @!@;/ *, G@ ;,HB " =$/!"; 7 *, X6 ( ('43' B/ #$$NYB & J4 J1,!!V WX J4 J/==#YB.!-, 1 * ( X( B/ ==MY G@ J* NHB "/ * "!";B 1 2! &@!/ 1 4@" / & B &@/ 2@1" "B& )12!&@!,B Figure 4 - La dynamique de l'activité projet [MIDLER C., &!* &*,&* X 'JB/==YB 7 /,-&2 -/ +/1 "B@2!8F!! 1"-//!. B 1 /!"!7/ *!!7V*1^WB ;;!V*1^W * 1 ^ E V^W - V!1 ".W/ V!".W/ V".W/ V W/ V@!W/ B X( 3B]B /#$$NYB &* &! &!8 1-!, B

31 = ' & 'D' * 1 ^ **8 &!7 V* 1W &; BSX] JBB/#$$$Y/&*&*!"@-- < X< 3B]B <B /#$$$Y *- ; V* J G;! & V1 &!"*W "HB ;1!.8!8!; +B!!&;-6X6'B/==$Y/V& " WB! +! " -&2$2>U, 7 / 8 $U ** X( 3B<B/==YG@J*>HB1! +87! D0& EB Figure 5 Courbe de dépenses avérées et engagées des coûts [RUSH C. et al., 2000] % *1B ;!7-! +! 1; " +B '! B

32 ' & 'D' #$ * E &@*!1 X < B / #$$NYB *7!7!) +B B#B() + 7-&!*!71 *7 &7- &!*!7!) +. 4'/ 3 J B 1!7!"B11/!7&"@- B7-1!71 ;- 11 / &-@11!7!!"; B *7 - B ' ()* " %$/ ! &&!!/!!1GH21 - V -W G +HB 2 -!7/**!!*"1&*- *!B!7! 11 +B =%N/!!!7V=#*&&W21 B =NO 70 /!7@ 2!;! 1 /! +!A!B!"* /! =O V0& W GH "* &! 2 $!XJ 65T5]B/==YB&", +!!!@1,X6'B/#$$#YB 2@&", 1 +!A!@-1! 2 2 B ""/@A/!1 " -X( 3B<B/==YB!&-!!! +/1! X /#$$NYB O$/-@&! +/!**B 27 +&! 3 WGHX6BB/==YB/*!&!" +"G.G1. H!G &* +! + - X'TB/==NYB

33 # ' & 'D' '==> -! +*!! - XT ' 6B B/==%YB 1 T/!-!! + 1! /!-!7!*!!- &! B 1 ==%/ &*!7* )9= > ) 9 =?B!7 - & 7 *X B/#$$Y -! 1;4'X'B/#$$>YB!!7@ - + G & - HX 3BB/==OYB < 1!!!7*& --", 1 ;* 1! * &- " ! G -V*!WH// &.- 2! ;* B!7! &!!) + ;!!!7&1174'B ' +! 7 a. < 3@ =>>B,!7! !! 7, XJ B /#$$NYB & 1! -& _*9 999`/! V + 1W X6 ^ B/ 70.=%>&@3"O$X(5JB/#$$YB /_*9999`1 _ & &`/!,&7@B==>/!"! + 3/!7 " V*!*!WB,&7 *B!! &;-(. & * * GH/ ; 11 X(5JB/#$$YB*; 1 1 V!@W! &" 1 V*" ;@W 1!!

34 ' & 'D' ## TG X(5 JB/#$$YH1!! _ #, " "`B ' - J / ")3 =#! & 1 8 =>B * *!* ==M ==>B! &. < &. 1 XJ ^>$4>M/ =>Y ##! 8< GH=>B!XJM#>4/==%Y1 +", 1!!_&)" `B8!!* C! & /-@2", 1* + / "/! / 7*KHB * 2 &!"!8 1!! Q & &!* C 8< 0&GH!XJ^>$4>%/#$$MY#$$MB1& 1!J^>$4>%XJ^>$4>%/#$$MY!!V WB & V".."/&WE", 1* V.& & ".WB 0 -!#$$MB!7@1-!-- &", 1 +.!-!,B * B B#B#!7!) + 7-!7!) +2 Q 4@* "@!-!7!!B

35 #M ' & 'D' ' 0!!*XB/#$$MY/&! +;"8!!8 +-1&",&! &* * -7! +B!8 &! *" A! B&; +-@A!!7!) +B&;-1- &/.1"-/ B -/ +! *! B!@ +- "!7 + " V, 1 ',1 ' 1'WXJM#>4/==%YB +-@@!G1!)& 7* ;!HB&! A 7-!/! 1; !B ' ( 1!! 2 & A!@ X6' B/ #$$#YB 11/ X ' JB/ #$$#Y -!*1&",&" &-/*&-@!& Q A@!!!7!*!,! / 2! &! +Q ;*/ 2* 1B! 1!!-1! 2!) + - +;B ' (& XB/==NY*;V WB/11 11 B V* *W

36 ' & 'D' #N * + V90 *W B!A!!8/*-*- X '< B/==%Y/-!*!R@ +B B#BM!!7!!) + X B/ ==NY/ 11 * *!7* +!!@!8!7B 11/* *V" & WB &*!*!1-!8 * *GBBH -- V & 2 ( ) "8!!! 4! G*/!9*/ / /!" F/ HB * *!-!!-;4'E!"* F!!"B ;--* 6;X6 X' B/#$$>Y! < * * 1 M 11 1!&.! 71!* &/ -& </ - ; -- </ - < - "1B

37 #> ' & 'D' B 2! "#.711!7!) + 4 & & 0 8 )9= <".8!!*!* /- 0- J.! 7!*, V* 1-"& + 2 Tableau 2 - Méthodes de maîtrise des coûts en conception : Synthèse " 1 *!.- 6,( %/- /- (5.6,- ; 3. (/ 2 /3/ - " &! &* + -B &! &* + / * &! + * &/ P! B'!.&@*&! + 2!!7!) + B!7!) +!7@2*", 1 +8", - -B 11 "@ 8@. + "/&!7;

38

39 #O 6' 7#'"&! &*!) + 70 " # &", 1 7 ; 7 7!&-!) + -B!!I,; " B -* ;B

40 6' # 9; )# *# #!! 7 7! ; * " B, 7 7!!@ ", 1 1 *!! ; ; "!-!B " & * / ; 11 B 1/&/ -1" " /! *7@!@-;@B <( = " 1 7! ;B 711 /! &@& 78B " M ; ; " B.@ -1&!. 70 "- 70 ;1!!-1B! +! 70-1! & - /> 1! 70 " - 70 B +1-&@ " 8 - &&@ M /- 7821"! +-! " 8 & N /-V"*W & & 78B. 8 1-B M ;!/1*B N ;!?//! -@ **B

41 #= 6' )9:% *%882* ) - "! #$$%N>=@ %@>$$$$!. #$$N=M#%@ %@#$$!. F $>>!!#$$> C")1 M!8 >$$$$ %$$$* * & M$4$$ #O>! ' N$!!#$$> C# >? M$$$$8 O$7 >$$ 74@! Tableau 3 - Quelques chiffres relatifs à Airbus et Eurocopter % (,, ( *7 ; ; G@.78"NHB /7/>?7, 0,, (@ =A

42 6' M$ )=98F G*982** 2 # - 0#-# # #$$% " 1"- J 0 4 (&2 & F # ;@;! Tableau 4 - Tableau comparatif du développement avions et hélicoptères (à partir de [GAUTIER F., 2002; GIFAS, 2003; RIVIERE A., 2004; DAUGEY A. et al., 2005; GUICHEBARON S. et al., 2005; LABORIE F., 2006]) B#B!@! - B / N > 1 1 1! B &;!/ -*& " M$4 $$ ==O &@* O#/! 2 O=/=!/ * %O/=! 2 OM!/!!;! * >N$ 2 >NB! 7 &78 8 * 70! B!)&@&1 *! ; 11 7-!*B

43 M 6' B#BM 7- B (A! 1 7-@ 1" B &;!! 7)&!"* "#$$NG 7) 1HB - * 1&! +@!B&**! 7 1!/ " & &11 ;!B' 1 & &11 /1! -1";;* B ' 1 / **! 1! / +B /!;7! A 8 1 4! / " & &11B - &!8 7 -!, +**/"!,*!1I!!X B/#$$>YB B#B> ( '@!@; G@ O$U - & 1! -X 'JB/#$$#YH!28 * G!! 7 &@ E! *! "HB ; & *!"" G*<HB&&-,!@ 2& &&11Q11,*! 7!8* - 7- &;* *!"&7@/ " 1" +&/ 7@1"!"&7@/ 1" + & &-!"B

44 6' M# B#B% * 78/.8!/ *!! &@!,B 70 "/ 78-&@B! * 7, 70 ".78">B 2 < )# 2 < *# 2)# # 2 ) - *# 1! 7!*&; " H ; 1*1! J &!! 0-1!. 1&!" # 1!.!. J"- J"- "8! "8! 2 @! Tableau 5 - Phasage des projets chez Airbus et Eurocopter (adapté de [RIVIERE A., 2004] et [GAUTIER F., 2002]) 7* " 1 7* 1 /17*;G@J*%HQ - 7*8 7 & "/!7@

45 MM 6' B @ 1!!. ; ;* / * / #B 7-"2& 7;!!8 1! / + 1 ;* G1 1*1 H/ MB !8 1* 1. /2! //2 1/; +. *1/ NB 7-2@"1-1P 1 - A 1! / +!!1/ >B 7 - *! 2 7* " * - $) * Figure 6 - Phasages projet: Airbus, Eurocopter et phasage de référence que nous adoptons 8@ 70 " /!8 + -B B C7 - = BNB &!!8 + '! 11 / / / &!B 8*- * 2 -

46 6' MN 2*--1V&WB*-a/a21 / 1 B 1! 7-!G2a;! H/a 7*-!/ -!! * B *@!/ *-/ 7!! & - G2 &*!! H!! X6'(B/ #$$>YB!A!!!/& 7 72F 1!! ; ;4;B "-4@*/ **! *1 a B2*-V! 7W&! B *-! 7/ *!! I!! 7* A - B! ", 1 a" 2 "!* + & 7/ a;! B 8 /!* - 1; - ; a/ - 8 a *!!B 1! " I *- a " A! 7/ ;"! 7!-/1! /@/ +a;/! ;B!" #$$/ /! 1"!! 1! > B &- " 1 1B /!* S4 7 2.!-/ 1 X T 5/#$$MYB!* "; 1!!,8 B / &@! 2 2! &@ @B ;!- /!*-@281!-/ ** * 11 )!@B ", 1 & 7@! 7";2! +B2 "!*/ ";*; B 7H/ #B!)"@G!!"H/ MB!) +! G-! + &;@- 7; 7-&@HB

47 M> 6' *!!$% & +B11/&", ; 7 72!/>! & &#$$%B *!!! #$$,! 11 + '5 & M$/ &!.!- + X B/ #$$%YB + 2 &@ N/! &/ #! #/! + 1"B + A M$U&2#$$B ' (!! 70 "/!@! 7&78! -8 ; "B / " &G X 'JB/#$$#YH/V)& "!)& WB BNB#!&* + 70 ",/; #$$> * 70 " *. 74 GX '5 B/#$$>Q '6 B/#$$>YHB ;! & + / "-!* +*8!1! / " -, 2! +111/ * &1! / -1B &1!!- " ;/ +!,-&2!!-!;/

48 6' M% +! &/ 7*/ 1! + B - -,-8!11!) +B 11/,!-!"!1 B;!/&@! 7&!-! &, 1 "!-1 *@ 1/11!1/ )*! +B /7 - =; ". / / "23( %&& *7@ G2&*!HB 99; 0& ()# 70 " / -- 1@; + B -,.(@ = + / + +! B11/ +*&-* " + / ;* - + +! B 8@!;1 +/ ;!-!;B ' ;!-1!*4GX ( 4 (B/#$$NY/ $H1 ;@&@!!@/ &11&1 > /&7!*. +!/1" ;B > &11!!*!@!&*12"@ / - -

49 MO 6' BB+ 70 " 1 + B11/@&/ +1"&@ + B &/ + 1" + GBB-82 +! +1"B ;/ ;!-; & B@*@ ;!@ 7*B&&-!"-,! 2@; 7!!0&B &I!A!!!/! &!! - GX( 3B <B / ==Y/ MHB7-1-& " /& 1!- " 11! & 2!7!8&11 % B!6 7*-*! ;@ 1! 7* " B*/ 8-7-/ +1"! #UB + A + 2 ;! &G 70 8! H +!. G;! +!.>$$@HB ( 1 ' - &!A! 11!&11! 2 B +/ & ;! %1*@a 7!-!*" ;Q a1*@b

50 6' M BB# +! / +! ;!7@B-& *@*H/ + ;!. & G;!!" / *@HB 7.78 &, 2 +! B!! + /&@@&!!!B BBM!8 +!7!) +@2!A!1I-&@" 7- B/ +118@" 7-!"; B * !)B 4(7X4(' (B/#$$%Y @ & # + + B + - ",!1! +1@!&@"B 9 # + 0 # +" 1&! 711B +"5 " #/ &!!1!X4(' (B/#$$%YB&- -&!- 1 7*!!" 7 2 ", &. -&,*B + #5 G!1 /!;/ H 11 X B/#$$>YB / +# I # # 5 "5 + 7*-@ +@/!" +/1!!8 -!" &@ 1"-!! G &

51 M= 6'!8 $$ O &11 HB & / + VW-&@"-!!B % " B#B. +!!;-!!/&- + B'- +! B70 /&- * + +! B"N!- +! & 7B &- 7*&@ +! *1- + +! 8 7! B!!7.V*! W &B3*-& +!A!- +! /*!* +!7B B#B# &F- * & " & 11B! + 2,B 11/ " 1"- / *1 7"2@ &@B*!!" 7! ; ;B 1"-/,2V7!W* *"B -/ &* &!A! 70 " B 70 "/ *!! - *" & 7* 1; 8,!* & "B -& ;! V*W 7* &@ + 2! &B70 / -!*!, -* +/11*B / 71,&2 &- "!!!8!8 1! / +/ - B &- 7* & 71,& "@2& "B 70 " /@2 + ;7&, G@7*11BMH@ O $$!1"$$ 8!

52 6' N$ J" *!!;!! */ & &B 2!1 *&2E +1B " 7 "8! 1 B /D 2 "* "3 /(! 7 - " & * + B O$U + &@B@@ 1 *!B2-2! *81B + / ((

53 N 6' B#BM.78 @;- " -& J$#0 )# J$#0 " 0-& + & " 1 " 711* &; & " *!!1; " Tableau 6 - Convergence et divergence des équipes DtC + +! " 1 " 711* ; & " 6- ; ; 11 -& /!!; 11@ ; -! B 11 ; -7"@&B +7 - =; ". / 5.!! &! &* + / 1 &!&* +!!, ". B

54 6' N# 999; 8< = 7-, - 3 B;&"@&!, 4 - B 7-/ 1.,--/!8&/ 7 A - 11 &/ G- A &@ & ;/@!&@1 -@!*!!H!7@!&@G!!, 7 7 ;!HB &!" & / 1- & 7* 1-B *! &-!B!!;-!!/ N7@ J 71"/ 7 / J71/ <7@!B &1!.*"B! & " +Q ", 1 1" & / 1 + ", ! & + *"B 7 # 2 /&@&@!

55 NM 6' #- 2 "@ */!2, "*!& "B 7-!@B 7 #- 2 & 7 # Figure 7 - Types d'activités DtC % "$/% 70 N 70 "B,*!!! - B!&@2 * - "!&B-@"/@* ;,"@!&B $J*B 7-/ "1 B.,-- G@ /! ;, 7 7HB!8 & G & *" &!" & HB -& / *B & &* &! / & 7-* G//HB

56 6' NN (#$$#Z,&7 8 & Fai Con Def Dev Fai Con Def Dev 8 3#$$M4 #$$M! ; 8 & 8 8 & Fai Con Def Dev Fai Con Def Dev 8 (#$$MZ #$$M 8 1 3#$$>4 #$$>, Fai Con Def Dev Evaluation multicritère 8, 8 & 8 / J@ #$$>Z,&7 & Fai Con Def Dev Fai Con Def Dev * 8. #$$MZ #$$N, & Evaluation multicritère Fai Con Def Dev Figure 8 - Opérations DtC menées chez Airbus et N!/ **"B /@-&" "B&+1-, A/ 1- &! BM/> +B!+1- ;,!1; "/ -&!A 7 7 7! +B 1/!8 0 *&,!B

57 N> 6' +,!-V +WG!2 V!W8H " 2 ; -! 2. * B &", 1 - &! &*!) + B!!7 - " $ *! 70 " B

58

59 7M 1! "!- 7 7 # &", "!- 2-7!!B *!! B

60 6( D' N 9; : C E!- V +W -/ +, B! / " 7 - * #$$B! ; - "!!) &* + B 7 7@ 2!* & "", 1B +7 -(( 0 7 -; 05.7/ ". % E & & 7 N! &1-!) + " "!- &* + 8! B!A!/ 7>/&& &* * - &*!8 +!";B /!) + &* +!!!8 "!! B 7-! "!-*"B 99; 2 $# N * -& B / *7.1! 2!) + G7%HB *7!!!*!2 &",B11/@.1! ;!/ ; ;,1/ ; ; B 7 -!! &@B

61 N= 6( D' ((,; < " 5. F % ". & & &@ - &* 7>H/!1@ B &*!!&1!-1 &* &! G@ " MHB "!- 7 7/ 1!- 7!1! &* +B!*"MB 0 )# # # 1 * X (2 B/==%Y, * &@! G*;!8H X4 6' 'JB/ #$$>Y X(B/ #$$MY ;" (R@ * 7*! G 7*!!/* / &,1&; &- 2 < ;!!7,B (R@ Tableau 7 Dimensions pour favoriser l intégration d'un nouveau domaine en conception * (R@ *11 G-! &!7H 7! &*!@2& 1 ", 1 7 7B/11!!@&,!B!@2* 7*!& 7*!,2! -*,2 B 1;!!;2 &!&* 8 / 2&-B

62 6( D' >$ *&!7,B + 7 -((,;, 7 " (7F! G (( "1!"!- 2 7 ", 1/ 1!"!- 7 71I@ < 5. /, 7"0, 7F 999; 8 " # (( * !8 7 7B!8 2 1 A ; 11!;-B11/&! " -!8 7 -"-#! = " < #B - / 1B! 1*/ &22" #0 B!!&@@/-& "! + &- / + +! B! # B 1/ &;,&7 &; - 2&7,@H K K0 0- B % C (( & & &@ - &* -!*! * = <7# " -B

63 > 6( D' X3 D' B/#$$#YB "!-!*! *B 6 ( 0 ( " 2 3 &&!7!) +!&1;!!7/ -!*B X B/ #$$MY * - A!!!-11 B & V!7W $ /71!&!!!!)&* + B!A!&! "/ * +@*B 7 7! & &;! &!" B 7 * 7#- &- "&"& " 7& " B/" &; & 7 * - ;" ;!!"B $!7 ;@& -/-!*!-&-!*!,B

64 6( D' ># 9=; 3! 71!"!-.7J*=B ", 1& [!!) + [ 1 + & ", 1- [!!) + [!&* + J! "!- "!- 77 [!!) + [ <&; 8, [ *2@ &, Figure 9 - Formulation de la problématique de notre recherche "! " & &: 7@2!!7 * G -HB

65 ;8!Z. &;

66

67 @4!!!) + &* +&!";B@ 7 & 7 ;78!B

68

69 7N!) + # 7&&12!) + B!7 /!8!!) + B

70 '' ( ' > 9; 9 #!7!) +@;!7 -!*B!*- ; 2&11!) +B X B/#$$MY * &! -!.&bg@"hb**gh&@ !&bB/; 2! B&;-1-. " &*!!7!*/ -& &bb. b! "*1! "! 7-1! "*! " 7-1!-1!8 +21* +21 *&* 1! " <!7 < "*@@!@!!2 7-!! 8!@2& 7 J&! * Tableau 8 - Comparaison des pratiques de Toyota et d une entreprise Z (issu de [LORINO P., 2003], p. 310) & b/ 2 * + ", 1 GH * *! &!!7!*!B4 A 7* a1! & 7M-!7B /@!&!*/ !;12&!*!7!) +B

71 >= '' ( ' 99; 4 # #'! 7!7;@2!) + *@ * " +/ * +/ *@B. *7&&7* 1! B! 2 ", 1 * GH XJ ^>$4>%/#$$MY 1", 1!!V WB / + "1!!V& W XJ M#>4/ ==%YB "! ! 7X6'B/#$$#YB * */)1 +", 1!A!-) X B/==NYB + "", 1!A21 P@! &! /! * *B & + " +41 A!" * 1! /! + ;< B +41!";- + "B(. X(5 JB/ #$$Y 2 + "Q & 7 + " &-@ +41!!/ - & 7./ + "", 1!B 1N. "G@"=H ;", 1.8!! 7/ " +.8!!!-2&G".!*&;! 7H/ " + & 4.8! G & ".8!H!!-2- / " +!21G-!HB

72 '' ( ' 9 *5 3 " +.8! ;", 1!7 " + 4 " + 4 #3.8!.8!1 Tableau 9 - Types de cibles de coût %$ BBD!" " "&", 1!82-! 8):1 "8 A 11!!!" 2 --&! 2!Q A 11!!A!@B@@ &", 1!";@*1!B6 ;! "*@X6 'B/#$$$Y", 1 +*1A ", 1@.8!"@ ""#>UB * ), : X B/#$$MY/ & - &** & "Q & "@2!*!! B * ), : ;@ & -Q*!XB/===Y* " 70 / 4 A! B!8 71, 2 -.!-! &!*! & & &", 1 + S* 70 X( B/ ==MY/ " & A,1! 1 &!8/ 1 &", * B &; 2 -B -& &! 4!7 1;. "B

73 % '' ( ' BB#(71 ".8! ' $&" -!* *-!7;", 1.8!&B1; ;", 1 1!! 7 8!1 - A2./ 1!@&/ " 7!9!.8! 2@;!.!A! - B ' " *;.& 71 +", 1/& 7.!9* & 7". & 7!9*" 1!" * *XB/==NY &"=$&>? &. " 1!7!- X B/#$$#YB 8- ; 1 "B "1 1", 1 ;!7B +", 1GH& 7 74!-!2 & 7!9*,!@@1X6'B/#$$#YB - & 7!9* & 7 74!-AQ & 7!9*2 74!-B 8@1/ &*& 7 74!--G 7 8-& 7!9*HQ &!9*! 1 74!-B 7-@*! B

74 '' ( ' BBM(7& " '", 1!!*!11 &@*"A E * "B 1! + ".8! 4.8! 1 H/ & -! " X B/ G H ;!7! "! *-!1 B %# ' 3 " 4!" B! " 1 7-4!"2&!*! * +B!7&" -1!!1-!4!"&@B S X] B / #$$MY ;!! 1; "2=N/%U +& ;/ >/NUB& 1B B!!-! 1!BF&1 * 7* "!I 8 1 * + B N/%UG@J*$HB Figure 10 - Modification du produit existant [SWENSON D. et al., 2003] #B**$/U/!&11 7-4!" B - " 7-4!"B - $ - + -! +B'*@

75 %M '' ( ' $B 7-4!"B Figure 11 - Questionnaire utilisé chez Caterpillar pour le déploiement des cibles [SWENSON D. et al., 2003] MB1/ " 7-4!" ;!8B7-4!"@ "*B ' 3!7 2 +", 1 ;! 1 1!B@2"2 ) +&1 B@A &! + 8 2! 1 B! 1 -&7*!! 7*-B -!7 --& "-! * E&& 1 /!78!11 -&&. 7*-

76 '' ( ' A & !B 1!!!2&! 7-! 1 B! 7-! + BX B/#$$MY;! G E &. 7*-H!! 7-1 / !/ 7-!/1!!21 / &! 1 B H H H H, H. *&! $/# $/M $/M $/$O $/#= /$$ 1! >O #N # /M!# M M M= #> =/#!M > $ N MN M%!N ## # % #= #%/> $$ $$ $$ $$ $$ $$ Tableau 10 - Matrice du target costing [LORINO P., 1994]!-1@ ;! G8 "$HB BBN*!! " '1 "/ "!!- " 1 1-7* B ; B&*1&!** "B A -&"-& " 7 - "1B' 7!! ") 7!) + B&7; "11- B *!! "c - 1! 1,1 & c-!!! G "*"E "!!-!!Hc &; 2 -/*!! 11A ;,2*B

77 %> '' ( ' BB> & * " &!&1 * " * &.- 70 " B1.1!2 * " ; / &. B - ".8!& 1&1B& " 2 " # /1!,!7& B'1& / 7B&@/& 1 "!!- *!! 1!!. * 7 8B - &; " & "21;B * "!- " " B " 1!, " "; -, " c (7 & *!! Figure 12 Synthèse d un processus de gestion des cibles d après la littérature %. ' 1- " / +!B *7!7"& +! & +/ 2! B

78 '' ( / 7 / " &@ 7 8 7; - ", 12/&@*"! 8 X ((B/#$$%YB %% B#B & +.* " +!.8! B " /-!.;* 7-.8!/ 1 1&1 + X] B /#$$MYB ;!.B '!!! / 8 -! &.@X B/==NYB!7.. J.<!7*"8!/ & 2 -& * 7 *!; X5 ' 6B/ ==YB!XJM#>4/==%Y1&.@G <H!! V / a!711 "8!a! ** ; *-!- 1! 7 (B/#$$>YB 77!7 * G2!- 1 ;!! HX( 3B<B/==YB /& <..!-1 1 -@A2! +G BB/==YB ' 8-3 D. J.! GDJH 7!! "B!7@ 2 G 1! &" -HG1! 1HX 'JB/==OYB! 7 0*!X T 5'T B/#$$MYB&", 1 7 +@!!B # "*".8!

79 %O ' 3-? '' ( ' *J(1 * GJ(H &*!- 2! 27 2!!;/ 7* / &!"*/1 +X( BB/==YB? 2!7/ + 1"! &!"**!1"B 703 /@!-! G>M$HE"!*/@"8!! X] B /#$$MYB ; &!"*B ; 2 &!7!"8!&!"*/*! 1"@7B '!7!!!F B /!! & < DJ F &! G7!H/ J( * / 8 1"!.B B#B# &1&,/ "- & + *1&B 11/!A&-!,-&"B ;/ "( T. 4 X(T5 JJ<'/#$$$Y 1 7-&@ * 1G H ( &@ -1!! +/1! B "!@ 7-@B!&2* 1",B

80 '' ( ' 2! & / "&@ 7 8 7;/@*"!X ( (B/#$$>YB / &! + -B! - &@! & -! ;!8B11/1! /1""/!"/. "!8 A! A *!@B!!&!"!8B ' ( &@ +-2!) + B!!&@!! & +! +", 1X] (6B/==NYB.& 78!1&", Q!7* %?!7 *-! 1 -!G1 7 7*1 H 1 ;G + HB!!! & 11 &*- ;! &@ &! - & +!@B /!--!, B!-*!-,1!!11 / 7- *-X (B/#$$>YB? A " "G!/!/ H2&. ;B / &@ & 1"-! 7 2!7 &B? 6!7.- 21"--&"! G 1"H!!G? 7

81 %= '' ( ' 1"HB + 7-!!!!&! + B.!7 - G 1"H A- 7! X6'B/==$YB -&!*!"-&@ X]TB/#$$NYB 7;!7 A;1!" ---&27,-&@B ' ( ;. A! &@! & +B! ; ;8! -! 7-! / - A 1@B " 7;@- 7 &AB! 711*/ &@ 1!@!- 2&@ +B 7 6 A 2! & +B&1 - &..* ( B X( B /#$$NY V(WG"HB

82 '' ( ' O$ & F #$#>LK.L 3KL? $#. 1 / @ 7* ;)- # -!G 1H. 1 1 ;H,;H.; # - ;0 -! ; " 1 J! " -! ; " *8! "!- " "8! *8!!"; Tableau 11: Typologie de risques "8! ; 1 "!! 8!"; ;. -/! - GJ* MH!! &@-Q&@"""& -*@ &! B-72!- ;-@A!B Figure 13 - Matrice de risque [KAYE M. A. et al., 2000]

83 O '' ( ' @/!! A1B *7!) + 2!!G!/&2!8HB!7* <"G <H" GTT.1!!HBT 1-!! 1! / B/#$$#YBT 1 ", 1B " 1 " &B 1!!!84 T 1 & "/ &GV WHG@J*NHX B/#$$YB! 2 ", 1 * GH/ < & V & &. &WXJ^>$4>%/#$$MYB! * "&! ", 1 1! - ", 1 1! Figure 14 - Espace d échange coût-performance 2 '11!! 2 B &* < X6 ^B/===YB6X6'B/#$$#Y1;& 7*!!V

84 '' ( ', &46 δaδwb ; & A 1; " &!B!! 8 & * 7; *- 7! 7 8 1B!! *! " 1 " B8*&"*V. &&WXJ^>$4>%/#$$MYB 7 7V 4"*WV2-2 W * ; & 7* 7!!!8 &**1 G1 &H!"1! 1! "B!7!! 7 &4@ 1!"&!" 8-11 B B#B> * + &! &1 * G@J*>HB *&. * 70 " B '1 "/ B 1 A -B *!"! &/ ;!7 2*&1&B O# " (7P *& 1 & 1 & Figure 15 Synthèse d un processus de gestion des opportunités de réduction des coûts d après la littérature

85 OM! H, " '' ( ' '1", 1!1/!1@P* 7 &@!,/ & "B * *.! -B BMB( ' 7!@B 7!A.7-! * 11 & ", 1 +B & 11! 1!! -T.XT 5(B B 1!!!/& 2 "/!"&/ B!7 5 G<(H &@! &,B!7!! &@!,B 7@1!! -@/ B(.& 7&@!7.* B +1-&@!7.*/ ) "22 1,G " +2!1;H! ) "B J*% 7!@&,!!"B. &@!!/ & " & +B

86 '' ( ' ON 2 " N$U #$U ", 1 +d$$u $U %$U B1 B! N$U B * #$U B@ ( # M N > % O = $ # M #N J, Figure 16 - Exemple de schéma de suivi [MCKINSEY OPERATIONS EFFECTIVENESS GROUP, 2000]!@&A! * J* %- 1@! /&!- - ;* " +B / & " "&!B "8!& @!8 7 G1 & 7 *-7. V<WH@&@" G 7 '6B/#$$#YB!7 a-agp H2 7 7*!!,/ 1)-X<B/#$$YB@ " -*-& G@X5 '6B/#$$$Y HB!7! & 7 ;!8 G 1 -H!. P!&.!8 1.8!P,B "! 7! G! -1 1!!H&;1 "GJ6 ;! 7 7* 1 JH a P,B 7!! &J6E 8 7&

87 O> '' ( ' G!8V 4"*WHB!!/!* - & -1B a- ; " 7"",-/ 7-1 "" 1 2!!! 4 M B-*! 7-1, Q - " 1 "1,B /!7!a7- " -.- 1! / +/-B BMB# * ' B 1 &! & 2 &. 2 B@@2!!";!8/!!&@! & " +B 2! N G;&1""- "!chb & 7!@!"@2!) + B 7!@G@J*%H! &/;!-12 B &! * G@J*OH1 " + +B * * 70 " B M!!!&,/!* B N &""& " +!

88 '' ( ' O% " (2, + ( 2 ". < (@ Figure 17 - Suivi et pilotage!2 "/&@ &. 2! B.A@1&B1/ 1 /! R@ G! 2, & +!@ -&&@*& +HB B &!7!!) +.7J*B 4 # 7 <.8! ;", 1! 7 +", 1 4.8! +", 1 +", 11 #- & 7 #.@ +.- P;& 7* Figure 18 Représentation des méthodes et outils liés au pilotage par les coûts &!1 * "/ * +/ *!1!7!!) + B

89 OO '' ( ' /!- 1& * B&;-!&@2 ;!) + *,B 999; 2 $#& C'! --# # 8!) + - 7!-B'47)&1!/@!*!.1!& 7 XB/==NYB& - *7-!*B,.7J*=B 2 $#& *5& # * 1 8!! J! &1! 1! 1 J!.7-.8!!@.8!& " **!, & Figure 19 Synthèse des pratiques managériales associées au pilotage par les coûts &", 1!7!!* *GH&!*"!B!! &;- X B/ ==NY V ; ; WB!1 '!!! 1 "!!/ 1 &" **!! ;!B& 7*&1!11! "B

90 '' ( ' 1/A!!!7! 74!-B O '! 1 &! *"! 2 "!! * 1G-&" H & 1 XJ ^>$4>%/ #$$MY! & * ) 2 &7-B -!*2 -! &-! *!* B < -! G*!HB 8 11! G!* 1 "!! ; 11 1 &1-1! 2!) + "B.8!!@!X( BB/==Y1.8!&!!! -!@@* 2 * 7B.8! & ; G@!H/;4/;,;*B &!! * X B/ ==NY/ - F 1 B 3 ;!!) +!7P -!*B!7P 1 2!) + "/* 7 A B

91 # 7 & &* &@ - B & *1"!- ", 1@;!&* + B

92 ''& &''< ' 7 # - ", 1 &- 2!!) + 2! &*!8 + 7 N!) +/ 2&* +B&", 1 7" V! &*!8 + W/ 1!-1 &*!8 +B 2 &* 8! &* * 3 - X3 D' B/ #$$#Y V WQ! 'JB/#$$>YQ! 7! G &;! 9; *- # $# & & & ; 1@" 2 &* 1B 3-1 &*!!V 2B 6 * 12&**X6 B/#$$#Y!5B *.X 5B /=OY1 *!" *" " B ; /&*"" A 7* G*! " H! *! 46 X46' 'JB/#$$>Y*-!1- / 7 1 *

93 '' ( '?* ;.&* E&*; G ; H/ E &* 1 &*B " 7 X B / ==%Y!8 *.!- &/ * 7!!B 7 B! a*8-&.; > B!8 * & ;* a - 7 7/!"/2-1 -/ a/ 7.78-a 1"B!8 * 8! E G H,GH2-!7-& B ; 8 &*! 2, ;"&;!!7,B 99; *- # $# -" & #- 46X46' /- 8@ "!- &&* & C 2B! R@ & & &@-@;*1 -! 7*!G!/* /1HB! &* V D >!a* - -1B! *1- B

94 ''& &''< ' ( WB! R@ & & #! *" &*B * 11 -! &!7G 1/70@HB # <!7, &* &@!7/&*@!7 &;!B! R@ & & &B *! -! &!7 G! / /!!;HB Figure 20 - Objectifs d'une stratégie d'intégration d'une nouvelle méthode en conception [PERRIN-BRUNEAU F., 2005] 999; *5" & - &* + " &* 72&*&@!-! *!/- 7 7& ( B B(B 3 -X3 D'B/#$$#Y*;* *!7* &@! V "

95 M '' ( ' ( X( B/ 11/21 / &B & * A!! *! &@! B 8< ) 9 # "-# - #" # - 1! &@! &; &- 0" & "$# 11 &- &!"!* & -* &@! &-! & 7*! # ## & & @! & 1! / 7 " &!R@11! ;!4 Tableau 12 - Méthode d'intégration de la dimension environnementale en conception (basé sur [MILLET D., &* &@! &@-&@! &X(B/#$$MYB &* &*-!*! *X3 D'B/#$$#YB 1 7/&*!@! 1&*& 4 /!1

96 ''& &''< ' ( & -! X B/#$$>YB N 9=; # 7X B/#$$>Y1&! &* ++ ". / 0, ". " / 1.7 " M/! - 1 /,G H&B 0 )# # # * X (2 B/==%Y, * &@! G*;!8H X4 6' 'JB/ #$$>Y X(B/ #$$MY ;" (R@ * 7*! G 7*!!/* / &,1&; &- 2 < ;!!7,B (R@ Tableau 13 Dimension pour favoriser l intégration d'un nouveau domaine en conception * (R@ *11 G-! &!7H 7! &* 3 &* &@!! 1 &! &* +!-1 &*&@!8B

97 > '' ( ' &! &* + / * &! + * &/ P! B

98

99 7%- 70 " # 7;12!, " Q@ [ * "/ [ * +/ 7 /. B!7/ #B ;,/ MB1.1! % B % '.1!+24!&!& 1B / -" 1*? 2!) + B

100 D' 6'' 9; 0"3#! 7- 2, V * W! G, 70 ", 70 H/ 11 - G 2 # 70 " # 70 &7! -G!= /! B 99; )- # " # " / 1.-@ - ) #0 2&- 7*!,/ < 7* 1; "*" &@!/ ) # && ## " " 7 7-!R@&/ ) # < &,A&!-!, G /!1 */!"* 1/ -!/ /!! -/ H/ 7 # " 14!"&B

101 = D' 6'' 999; 9# # *7&;!&NG@7#H/ * "/*@P*B BB;, &N 1@!B&", 1& + 1V* WB "*! 71,/8!"!!*!R@B11/2 *!!/&"V B, *!!!"#$$NB *@!!;;*B; * *! G K 2 +B7-*@*"! B *@@2;@; ; 7 1/ 71,-*@,B ;,A!E D BB# " "*"! & " 11B 11/!*!R@ +1"/ 8 -@424@& "- )!"B!7&?F&", 1* " +&G " 2O$U +&/!**O$U " *"HB?G@; 7/@ *@117 7!7),H?H! 7*"/* *1!*!R@G@7 7H

102 D' 6'' =$!! "/ 7- - B " 1B * "1-!8 711* O! ** "/ - "B 1! *!@424@,!!- " * +B, /! ;* / & 71,1B BBM *@!.!-! B 7 7& B 7-/17* +*B17@@ N 1 G G H/ B 7-17/"F!G6 &/ 7H1"*!17B1!! " 1" *! 17B " 7* 1!*17/"8 71, &@!17B BBN@* ' 71, &@! 7-*@@!!@- &B'*2! 71,/!@&@! 7-*@&1 * 2**B 1!A"&/@- "& "!"2!*!R@!1B ;!&! 8! -A GH*B*7@!8*-/ -.1! ;B O!8 711* *&@4.8!-"&@ +/4!A!& "B V!W! -&@ +

103 = D' 6'' 9=; 7 ) 2&& * "B. -&-!* "B 70 "/ & " & &- B & " *!!B & &;!7* "B"8! "/ " / J*#B " 1!, (7P & " *!!!! "; -, " Figure 21 - Gestion des cibles <BB " 70 / & " &- 1 "@ 71,B / 71,@& G@!! "; -** "HB ' - "&!9**117&B 2& 2!! " 70 B ' 4& 1!, 1!,! ;, B 1! 2 / + 1

104 D' 6'' =# *B ;,! +4!" - 7-4!"B '?A *-!7& " 4 / >4)?(7*-G " 4!" B! " !"2&!*!* +BHQ 4 >4)?&", 1* " 7-4.8! +&B 4 >4)?!"!7( ( #1 &;/*!@&@ +B 4,>4),?!A! * + 2 ** 7- *@B 8# " >8)?;!-!& "2 &@ +/-11,21 &- 1-B <BB#!! ";-, ' & &-,/ 4 A!!- ;!- 7*& "G ** "HB ' 5 ;*!!- " &>? -!!- & >? 7 7, * 7- " +B = * #$ *

105 =M D' 6'' )% 7" *7!!!7-7#Q 1 *!.1! 2 7-G@J*##H 8 & "@!7( 71,B, "!!- G& & & &11HB 8,!8 2&!7( #/! & *!*!@ B!7 ( M - 71,!&!&7*@/ -!! " B& NA!8B 8 "&%/ "&1*/ A B **! & / 1! &!" - 4 1!1 "1*&&11B,A@ - "B 8 + "@!7( N "@B!! &-! & " 8 ( MB "@!!- 71,B

106 D' 6'' =N 8 8,,A Fai Dev < ( # < ( M # < 8 8 +,A Fai Fai ( < ( N < 8 Con Def ( M < # ^^ ^^.1! ^^ (P " 1! (7P& " < "@ *!!!! " ;-, " Figure 22 - Expériences en gestion des cibles )! - 0" &!&1.1!2* "G@J*#MH/ "11 # / " / "!!) +B " )!@,P! ",B # ' "&1;B

107 => D' 6'' " 1P1 - ",! (@ " "!!) + Figure 23 - Problématiques liées à la gestion des cibles 1.1! 2 * 7 &;1&1*G@J*#NHB < ) # 1!, " " " 1 &- ^ ^.1! " 1P1 ^ - ",! (@ " "!!) + *!! (7 &!@ " " 0!" (@ 1B, 1 Figure 24 - Problèmes liés à la gestion des cibles

108 D' 6'' =%.1!!;. - *!!- " ;,B;!/&N/ 7,@!!- &- 1 - &- -1! " + ; *@B*!! "11A ;,B "!!- /!"/!!B / 1" ,B!! *!!/!7& A ;, 2 B /!7 " 2 "!"-!*!R@*@/ -;--&1 ** &" - 1!,!!&@ / 711*/ + 4.8! 7-*@,B / 1!"!!& /" "!B& 1 1!- )!@ "Q 1! / - & " ;-, 70 *! 2 &11B@-!@-&&1111 B " & " " / & "!"B "!" 1! 2 "!"B 4 1 B " - " B& / "8! ;,B *;..1!;

109 =O D' 6'' 3 / 71,1 2!7 1 &-!7 " +B* E&!/ 1 1 &--&&. B & -@ 1! -&!!-G*! +-@/ 7 +;!HB!- +2!- 1!7 )!@ "B 8@1"8!*-12&11 * ",/ ;2* +B

110 D' 6'' = =; 7 # *7-.1!12* +B ) 2&& * +B&"@-@2* 70 " &B J*#>!7 ;B " 1!, (8 J! 1!@2 & (7P *& 1 & 1 & Figure 25 - Gestion des opportunités de réduction des coûts <BB 7 8!-11 *& "B ' & "&" * B - "1;B ' 4& B *! 1!

111 == D' 6'' /1"/ 7/-! + ## G!! -1 +&!"8 HB A G!2"H 4 >4?"!*@ " +G1!,H 4 >4?! G@ /1"// /KH1 &@*1"B *!" &!A! -!" 11-,2!B&", 1!"!;!! "!;!!@B 4 >4?!7V6SW"&! &B N &!4, -!" G / 1"/ 711*/ HB B? 2!/ 1 1"*B 8# >8?-.!-* +@ G;8 4&c & /,@,1HB&", 1!"&G0H!.! *11B &!!";B!7*&@! -11 G * +-&@**HB!7- *@- "B <BB#@ &@ 1" 7-/ - 2! &-!8! &B@!!/ +*"/ + / /!" 1B 7- / &! +!/ 1" 7- ## +! +&.8!"!*-B

112 D' 6'' -! & "!! B <BBM *&!", *8! 3M ( Figure 26 - Etapes de maturation d'une opportunité ',B,31 &", 111 7,3#-&;! */1 7* 7*&@B1/&@ 1!*2! &/ -B & ;,-! B!8 1 &! 1! 7-1 *! +/!! A B 1 ;! 11& 7* +! #M Q & -&*V411WBB ; 1!!B 1! &/1!@2@ -,1B * 1 & -!! - * B!" &, A 8!/ -.!1 1!-*1&B " 70 "- 70 /;.&,B "-@@ 17/1!-.B! 1! * ; &! + #M ;!A2&9* +9eB

113 $ D' 6'' 8# 17; S1 17! 7!V4!P4!W #N B 8# >87? J7 ; - - 1! G / /! &!/!/*HB 8# >8H 87?" - &!" B 1! G H! &B! -A ;! *B&* &21!2* &1&B 4 >4 7? &* &!. B "!*!/!7 2 *G1*!"& "H "/ "/!! * B )% 7". *7!!!7!! / 1 *!.1! 2 7-G@J*#OHB

114 D' 6'' $# 8 8, J J Dev J ( # ( # J J Con J (M # ( # 8 / JM J Con ( M ^^ ^^ ^^.1! " 1 & * J J! J 1! Figure 27 - Expériences en gestion des opportunités 8!7(! & 11B &;- &" #> &"G1!,H!1-1" ; "!* G " &!, HB&@ +@* &.@11!! " 711*B1!/ &J B 1!! *B &;- 1-1!17@A*! G & * 1 & "8!!" &B &*B #> ;!! 7&

115 $M D' 6'' 8, & ; &!*!R@!1B / ; " "!*B & J 1!! 4! 2 7 7,! &B@ A;-&B 8.!7(MB&!7! B &@! + "8! 1! 711* B, 7 * 4!A! 1 &B & # 1 2 &-,! &- &!-*1&/.1! 2 *1-&2 &1B 8 +!7(#1! +!/!" B & J & #B 2 / 1!!!7 ; B 8 / /!7(#& B!7!!!7(M&! "&1/ &A21 11! +B*? 2!7 ( 1! * 2 & & JM MB 1! "8! 8! &@ -@ 1"/! +!B 1!1&!!7*&@G& 741! 7-"/*1HB /!- 711* /! "B )! - 0" &!&1.1!2* G@J*#H/-

116 D' 6'' 2/ #% -B " )!@,P! &! +! (@ - &.0 & - Figure 28 - Dysfonctionnements liés à la gestion des opportunités 1.1! 2 * 7 & ; 1 &1 "8! 2 &*.1!G@J*#=HB #% '-!* +B

117 $> D' 6'' < ) # J! B (- &@ 1!, "!" ^ ^.1! ^ - B +! (@ B - &.0 &B 1 &B &B!!8 * " (-!*!@ 1!, "!@ &1! B!" Figure 29 - Problèmes liés à la gestion des opportunités.1!!. 1! 1! -!!7 *! & / )!@ B!7-@ A ;,G "/1!"/ 2 "HB /! &1!"!/ 8!11 B * 1 &-&! & & @1;.1!,

118 D' 6'' $%? -! +/! / & 1!! &@ " - &@!B ;!/ &! / -!"! B " " B &! 7 7 & &! + & *- "!"B,E "/11!@ 8 /!*!R@! + *1@!B *..1!; 4 3 & 11 / &@! & A @/1 B!3 -@&A!7 &@ 7 7 & * &-B 7!!- -& "&*!*!R@B 1 "8! *- 1 2 &11 *,/ ;*@B

119 $O D' 6'' =9; #- & ), 2&& * "B J* M$ - - ;B " (2, + ( 2 ". < (@ Figure 30 - Suivi et pilotage <BB( *8!/ **/@ & +.8!@! + "1;.8!B@1- "1@!/ 7!@! 2 &@ +.8!B 8# #- >8? 70 " /!*"!/!A! &@& "B 7-/ &*->8?-!&"@& " G@J*MHB

120 D' 6'' $ ", 1 +d$$u 2 B! B@ B@*8! N$U $U B ", 1 +d$$u %$U $U ( %$U N$U N$U #$U # M N > % # M N > % O = $ # M #N J, ( Figure 31 - Exemples de schémas de suivi <BB#. &.@21 "" 7 &A 2 " &@B!*./ &- 1-1 &.7 7,B G9H.!"&/!" & &@!"&! B #G9H &*& 9G@J* M#HB! ;. ; ;. ; + ;! Figure 32 - Indicateurs utilisés sur les projets (In2)

121 $= D' 6'' <BBM ' 1./ 7 7, * 1 &.B " - A "-A & 2 A **B 1/11--&-"@ ) - >=?V * W@!@2! &--!&!!;!! + B )% 7, *7!!!7 / 1 *!.1! 2 7- G@J*MMHB 8 &@!&@"@ B/-& ;7 77*!&E@* +/@!2! G 1!! 2 --& &; 2 &-!HBGH!@ "&2 & 2!B <*B & 2 A!B!* &.!@ "@" 7 &AB 1!!; 7 7!B / 8 + &8 & 2 "&11B1!! ; 7 7!B.@!&-!*-&!- "B 8 /&@B*8@2 &#B 12&.&! "&B

122 D' 6'' $ 8 8, Dev ( Dev ( ( < ( < ( ( / Fai ( Con ( ( < ( < ( # ( " ( + 2 " ^^ ^^.1! (P ( (2, " < < ^^ ( (@ Figure 33 - Expérience en suivi et pilotage )! -, " &!&1.1!@ *G@J*MNH/-!&/!1/ &./ B " )!@,P! &! +B

123 D' 6''! 11 +! - &.! &1 Figure 34 - Dysfonctionnements liés au suivi et au pilotage 7 &;1&1"8!2&*.1! G@J*M>HB < ) # (@ 1! B!@ 1 &-! 1!@ 11 ^ ^.1! ^ - +! &. (@! &1 + 1 &- Figure 35 - Problèmes liés au suivi et au -.1!! & 2 "B

124 D' 6'' # ; ;. & &@ 1/ &@1 *@ B ; 2!@ 1!! * G!-1!1!H/1!!!!7*1!-@A1B - &. /!@@A -11 " " 7 &A B,&7! &1!"&"!& ""& "B.1!,;. "!A 7!& 2 "/- &!A 7@*B!- 1!, ;- - &@ + & / /!& 2 "!"B 1.1!; 3! 7-B *!;--!11 B

125 M D' 6'' =99; &3 # #0& ;! &1 ;. 1.1!;", 1-B G* "/ * *H/ HB"N.7"8!!,B < ) # * 1!, 1!,!! " " 1 7 " 1&- (7& "!@ " J! (-!" &@ 1 1!, &1! 7 & " "!@ # &!1!8* (-!*!R@ (2, " 1&- #- &!@ + &1! " Tableau 14 - Cartographie des problèmes liés à la maîtrise des coûts sur les projets 6,, (! ((-

126 D' 6'' N 1.1! -! &11!) +,B@! B.1!!/ #B.1! ;,/ MB.1!; B 7 7.1!!B

127 MZ

128

129 7O " &!* # 7!!7!! * B " * 2!) +B /! 1 2 "!- *,B 7 1- VW@ 2! 1! *,B * + B

130 &'' 9; 0! 7 - J* M%B.1!12!) +GNJ*M%HB * - &* 1 B-&!* G@ 2!) +H.1!! &! &* + G # J* M%HB M 1-.1!!! &!!) + B 2 #0!* N.1! M #! &* +!!) + Figure 36 - Démarche proposée pour améliorer la maîtrise et l'intégration des coûts en conception! 71@!) + B # D E *.@2!Q #B 3 2*!) + 70 " G &."HQ MB "# #-# # 0!.1! 1 2!) +! /!* B 99; 0 *@ X'< 6B/ #$$MY 1!! _...`B/

131 = &'' -! 11 &! A 11 -*B 1&", B " 7 WB 1;,-1 & 8 IB; -8-!2!!@41X'<6B/#$$MY B% 1,-/ ;- IB //11a,!- *B/ -, ""! ;B #B 0#, a*! ; B ", /!!!@B * *, 8! / 11 & * 2 B+2" Q ;*-.!- G ; ", *G;", 1&HX(3B4B/==YB % * & B 1!!, #O X B/#$$>YB!/ *,B&;& *! 2 ;",B! 7 (>7 6(7!43 X6( ('43' B/#$$NY *, 7 B, 74,B #O - B

132 &'' #$ &;!/ + &,B + (>7-07" - (7&-/ 74,!7/ &;&-B 999; 2 #& ### ;/ 1 ;. 2, 1-2,*&;!,G@7,HB1;. 2 74,- 7 &; 6-0 " " 7; (>7/ % 07 (>7/! 7/ B 7 7, 1-!2&-!2&!",B (>7 &; 8, X6 ( ('43' B/ #$$NYB &* & 2!R@8B J* 74,B &;&" B &,P74, B;!/@-& /17 1!; 1! +B&, 17 1!* " & 1!- * 17B

133 # 74, ;!&1!!&17 1!; ; 74,B T74, ; T T, 74, ;! Figure 37 - Processus de création de connaissances hors-projet % 07 (>7 1 G@ J* MH 2! 2, 74,B &,! ; ; 8,/ & &;!B!.*@A! /- &; *&,2&B T74, ;, 4 * (2,T 74, T 74, 7 (. &;4! T Figure 38 - Processus d'application et mise à jour des connaissances hors-projet!, 7 &", 1 &1! X 4 3B/ #$$$YB &/( X( B/ ==MY * ,;--V&) &WB (*7! X(( TB / #$$NY V

134 &'' ## &3 &" 1) ' &&WB 8! 2, 12! B 1&!!8 1!-@!!7" 4 7 ; ; 1 2, / & P!B! V@,W "-&!A!,/! 11! T, T, 7 (8 1! T, T (g(7 Figure 39 - Processus de capitalisation des nouvelles connaissances projets B 4 7 G@ J* N$H 2! 2, / -@A;"B112 &1 " 2 ;B

135 #M &'' T, 'T, (g T, T (g(7 Figure 40 - Processus d'utilisation des connaissances projets * & *,B 1 2 * B 9=; )3# #0 & ) 7(>7 ">,74, B 7 7 # #! #- & < " " + "& " 7-4!" Tableau 15 - Connaissances projets et hors-projet pour le processus DtC < (7& " *!! (81! (7 *&1 & (7@ 7 1">/ * 70 " B

136 &'' #N )% (>7 74, 7 &; &"B.1! 1 2!) +!-& ;!";" 74,B@1! "/12 74,-!&.B )! 07 (>7!/ ;!. 2 & 74,? ( GI F673 7*!7- * / &- 1I 7"!B ;7/ 7 ;--! 11"@ G 8 7 HB? (G673 GJ B'@@ &G 7%H*8!2 " &@ 8 B 12&2!2, 74,/@-@2 1" B &@ 1 " B 7"!11*"- - G@$HB/*1;1 & ;2&@&B )B, 7!! " ; 11B " 1I 4? F63 1!!/ &*&!.1!,B? G6 & 1!!,B # ((.; #= "G@ 7%HB

137 #> &''!81!/*-! E;!8 1!G(JH E&;!81!G(J#HB &;-&!, / &* &! 7 7, "/& "&@ +;/1!!,/!!8 1! & 1 &;"* 1!B "& "!!@!*!A!1!11 7-*!!B1/ + 1!!8 1 & B 4!! &/! &1 " ;B

138 &'' #% # >2? ) (# T B B '# ( T B B '# 'T (J# (J# *-#! 5 >*? 8 # (# T B B '# ( T B B ' 'T (J# (J #" ( T B B T, ( (7 T B T B,7, (J ^^ "1 ^^ 61 (J (81! T, T T, (g ', 'T ' T, Figure 41 - Capitalisation et utilisation de nouvelles connaissances DtC projets =; !;-)A &B ) ;.1!!1* " *!!/!7& "!7& B A

139 #O &'',- +;B 1!,1 2"1&B 1 ;!! 2 " & / " *! 1!& "!!7 "B - * " 1 J* N#B! * "1 7NB + " ^ ^ ; 2 * 1!, (7P & " *!!!! "; -, " (8 J! & Figure 42 -: Proposition d'un processus de gestion des cibles intégrant la gestion des connaissances )%..1!!1* + 1!/ * 74,@

140 &'' # 3 & G@ 7 H.*" &.,!1! - +B"@. + "B.* A *!8 1! Q "# #! G@ 7 H 1!7V -1 +W-& &4!" M$ BA!12!,B & +A*!81!Q 8# #- # # 5!"" Q -A@2 "! - - &!! 7 7B& "!81!G@ 7=HX B/#$$%YQ!1 7 7& " ; 1-B -* + J*NMB! *1 7NB 7B &;!/ +& /*!B

141 #= &'' B & B (2 B " 1!, B! " +.*!1 (7P *& 1 & (8 J! 1!@ 2& 1 & ^ ; ^ 2 * Figure 43 - Proposition d'un processus de gestion des opportunités de réduction des coûts intégrant la gestion des connaissances )! H, /!@B *B!8 &! &@ & - 2 & & " G@ 4HB 4U dg 4 "HPG 4 "H 4U( dg( 4( "HPG( 4( "H 4U! 4 9 dσ h111" 4( 9 dσ( h111"! * + M GI H *! GI3@&@!,B + M + * +!@B

142 &'' M$ 9 M# G J H & * &", " ; - ""&A! B& 11!$/*@ 1" &B / / "& " B 11/11@ "" 7 &AG14-!" & 8! " 14 -& *!*@!chb " &. " & ", B + " & " (2, " ( 2 ". < (@ ^ ; ^ 2 * Figure 44 - Proposition d'un processus de suivi et pilotage intégrant la gestion des connaissances )B H( ( " /, "" - " %.7, - &.1!B M# + 9& * +-A8@,*!1"B

143 M &'' 03 < *!! " 7 (7&!@ +4!"G ;H - 7-4!" 7 # #! J! 1 & #- & "& "!,!@ Tableau 16 - Connaissances utilisées pour régler les dysfonctionnements liés au métier DtC =9; *!* B@;!&!"! 7 7B + MM B;2 7; 9 I ; - 78! &;!1 &A-&.B-!! 7 * +B ## MN "! 1; B &;! & - - &1! "!B * MM /!VW*11V&! +WB

144 &'' M# -!"B& *! -* 7; &",&;!B 3 7!! * * 1.1!!B" O -& B 03 < < *!! " 7 (7& +4!" G;H - (81! & 7-4!" J! 7 # #! 1 & 1!.*!1 & #- & "& "& "!!@ Tableau 17 - Synthèse du processus proposé MN "/* +/@P*

145 7& +.*!1 # &", ! B & + 70 " /& + -&.*!1@2 +B

146 '''5(J MN 9; 8< "5 & # #! -. * +! & " +B 1@ 4.,. ";!& 70 " " 1 /- 1 1"&4.8!B *5" # '!!" ; F *!!81;!!"1;!! -!7!1!*!*@/*a*@ '11 8 * +&& *8 &2& Tableau 18 - Exemples d opportunités de réduction des coûts -* 7-B B#B *& ;;* " 7 &B! /&*&@, -@@!! +B &@!8B 7* 1!@ 2&@8!!! &@! 2 1 B ;8! /

147 M> '''5(J & B " =.7 11 B M"$#0 N 8& " # N # N #-# N # 7* 1!8 '!7! 1! &@ Tableau 19 - Rôle des acteurs DtC selon l'origine d'une opportunité &@!,!*!R@!1 &@!,X B/==%YB (*!R@!1 + " - 3 3! Figure 45 - Evolution des caractéristiques des opportunités avec l'avancement du projet -@*!!G@J*N>HB!1* +-! B /" /*! 2!1* +!/!*!!"B-

148 /*!1G!*!R@H/! B!"& / -- " -- 6, /, 0 99; 2 "# "# #!.1 + X5 B /#$$YB!! 70 " B +1!!!7 +B&- "*@ &1!B@ 11 ; +! -B 7 72";7@!F & +B + -1!!!8!1!1 "! + B 1 & + GX6'B/==$Q B/==%QJ6BB/#$$#QJ /#$$MYH- 70 / + B 214!"/ #B 2&&4!"/ MB ; 7B 4& +B&", 1 +B 8!/ *1-7- / & - + B A 11!! -&! & 1!"/!A*@A! B / 7- G1/ 7H/@M$ " 7$B@ 7B M%

149 MO '''5(J. 0- >!!.7 " X 6 JB/ #$$%Y J* N%/ 1 2! B 70 9*@8!B +2 7-@ / 4!"1@1-!!B Figure 46 Cycle en V d un avion [LABORIE F., 2006] "#$ 2 1 & 4!"B&*&!"!81*1&/ &B -! *;21;* B

150 '''5(J M 9# #! # C J 14!" 7*4!"!;& 7 4!" 1! 4!" 4!"G1--.8!" H &8 H ( 1!"* J;.! -!!"!;11.1! -1!!"1!11 * * 1 <! 7*&!"*.1; 1;!" 7*1;11 Tableau 20 - Liste des inducteurs de coût récurrent liés à la définition d'un sous-ensemble %. 0 > " #/ + 2 &B1&" ;!"/ &1"B ;-G- & +1;-!!!B

151 M= '''5(J 9# #! C"#!!!"&1" 1"P 1" &!"* 1" -* ;* 1-1"!"8 7*1"!"!!&!!&* (& 7*1"!" 7*11 7*&!"& & ()1"&!"&-.&- <!" 6 " 7/"!1H Tableau 21 - Liste des inducteurs de coût liés à l'industrialisation d'un sous-ensemble!. ( 1/8& + ; 7G@ "##HB* 78!!&- ;* 1 8@8B /1! 7 ";;* &-!";B/ 7*!1!-@ 18 / -A 8 *B 9# #! # #5 J <!& 7!"1! Tableau 22 - Liste d'inducteurs de coût récurrent liés aux achats

152 '''5(J 999; 3 & N$ 1!;! * &!" 70 " B "#M1!& 7&B 7/@1.*!1! +B! &; / 1 -! &; G / " 7-/7,-/ 4 &!A! -B! - &@* &!,"B 8 0 "5 2 < F-# M> M% O N 7.8!.8! 7.8!.8! *" M% F " =# Tableau 23 - Opportunités étudiées pour créer la typologie de 7 1!1 B!!& +/.!1! 1/ 7B! R@.* 7$/@ 7B -& A.!1B &;-& -;!!!FV/ /!.WG!@ X ' B/==YHB;!/!1 1"&8 &;! " &@! +; 1 1!B ' 2"!11!8G-2 M> 2& M% 2&!"&.,.

153 N 2 1!@ *B.!1- V 7*" &@!WV 7* 1"WB K - 0- "#N.*!121B && +.*!1! &"2!!1 + B"#>!21B -!1!!8!!B!! * X ' B / ==Y X ' B / #$$$Y/ -1211@;B& -@.*!-!@; 2 &; 7B

154 '''5(J N# 3 C 7*.!; 7*! 7* -&! Z7!4!4 1 (1&!"* (1 7* & 7 *!!" &!!!" &!!P! 7* -! 4!" 4!"!1!P P8 P!; 4!" ; 1! *!!1 ;*!; 7* 7* &!"* 7*!!&!"* 7*1! 7* 7*&4!" 7* & 7 & 4!"! 8 8 *!!"8 *!!! * 1!;!1&8!! 7* & 4!" & G@@H Tableau 24 - Typologie de modifications liées à la définition

155 0*H9F998F 9# #! & )#& 0# - & G@!H J 14!" 7*4!" 7 4!" 7*1 14!" 7* 7*& 4!" 7*& 7 & 4!"! 1 1! 4!"!1! &4!" 4!"! &4!" 1&4!"!"4!" (! 4!" 4!" 4!";!!" 4!".! 7*.! -!!"!; 11 7* -!;!!; J!.1! 7*.1!

156 @A!P 1!"* J; -1! 7* - 1!!"1! 11 *P*PP 1 P<!!1! *!! < 1!! 7* ;*!; 7*&!"*! ;*!; 7* 7* &!"* 7*!&!"*.1; 7*.1; 1; *! 1;!" 7* 1;11! 1;!1; Tableau 25 - Matrice de modification liée à la définition d'un sous-ensemble

157 N> '''5(J + L." - K / 0, - 2(J> 3L.,., /,(,, 3 7 & +.*!1! +B ; 1/ & 7B ; 7B 4N>4

158

159 NO ( 7=(8!&; # 7!8@2; + 1 B!!/1;* 2.8!B 7* ; / 1!! 4 2;* B!8 " G! 1! 7*H 2&&*B!8", 1 11! 2 && &VW 7#BB

160 ( N 9; *5 # # #- # #! C7 7%-- " +B.8!&.!&11 G - 7OHB &", 1 " B &/ -!!/ "/ /!/-&! /& + " +B6./ (( 0 - >.'4!"A8 /!"8 /1"/ *!!1"!"B +@A;! 1!@ 4!" G;/.8!*@*/ &*H/ 1! 7* 7 G 7 /!/ * 7!-H/ 1!-@!&!8. +G + d! / 7* 7 &*Q " + d + &!"*/ +HB &12"8! +B '"1G&! &@*"8! +H ; /!! & +B + 7" 0.J*NO!& 1 7%B,*-&"!,G3H!B

161 N= ( *8! 3M ( Figure 47 - Etapes de maturation d'une opportunité &", 1.8! 1@ & " ;B!! "#%/*;! &; 7 ; " 2 "8! + 2 & "8!B K ;!" & 2. & G;. 7*!!;"8! +HB 8 # # * " # *5 # ""8! &!"& Tableau 26 - Modes d'exploitation des opportunités passées "-@ B! "!-E&@ 7 Q #B *!" &!. -! /1 / Q.&.! & " 1! MB!"8!@2!";! &;/ B' - " ;Q NB *, &- 11 * 0&!&;811B11/-@ **7-!7"@1-,*

162 ( >$ "8! ' 2 0 2! 11B % G " 71.8!!,*&"& ;/ * 11,/! &; G 7 ; &!"! 2 + "/ &@*"B "@-7@.8! " V".W &!", &!!!!/.8! ",* &" &11 -&;!12& 7 7/.8! "/2; / " 7 7&B B#B ;&.8!.8!!! * B,&7 ;- ; +&B ;-! 7 B!/ &", 1 &- -, ;4!A! -& B!*-& - B 1 ; + -1!G", 1* +/!*!R@/! "H & &* GH &! - 7 / G H & &

163 > ( "/ G H & " -/ &@.!1 1-Q ", 1* +!* +21 ; +B -& " 8!"/ 11.! - - " ) 1 2 Q (*!R@!*!R@ " +Q!1" "Q "1"*"G!"!H "B 11 & ; + ; " &1! B ", 1* +P!*!R@G ; + & 11- ", 1 *!"; -!*!R@1"H #B!P " G ; + & 11 -! 1 "HB , 3 B#B# ;*.8!"&& + /&;"B& ; + / & 8 ; A 1;" &1! "/!" & A! ; G& & &! -&!"! ; +.8!A!V&"W"8/