Bring to class to take notes. Take home to study/review. Bring back to class to use daily. ~ 1 ~

Transcription

1 STUDY GUIDE Unité 2 Bring to class to take notes. Take home to study/review. Bring back to class to use daily. ~ 1 ~

2 Qu est-ce que tu aimes faire? What do you like to do? (informal) Unité 2 Leçon A Qu est-ce que vous aimez faire? What do you like to do? (formal) Tu aimes? Vous aimez? Do you like? (informal) Do you like? (formal) J aime Je kiffe (slang) Je n aime pas faire du roller faire du shopping faire du footing faire du vélo faire de la gym faire du patinage (critique) faire du ski (alpin) faire de la musculation faire du parcours faire du snowboard aller au cinéma jouer au hockey sur glace jouer au foot jouer au basket nager plonger sortir avec mes ami(e)s un ami une amie danser travailler des frites des pâtes de la pizza une salade ~ 2 ~

3 Quel temps fait-il? What s the weather like? Leçon A Il fait beau! Il fait mauvais! en été en hiver en automne au printemps les jours de la semaine the days of the week Quel jour sommes-nous? What day is it? Nous sommes C est It is (+ day of the week) It is (+ day of the week) lundi mardi mercredi jeudi vendredi samedi dimanche le lundi le mardi le mercredi le jeudi le vendredi le samedi le dimanche On Mondays On Tuesdays On Wednesdays On Thursdays On Fridays On Saturdays On Sundays ~ 3 ~

4 Leçon A Subject pronouns I (j before a vowel) you (referring to 1 friend) he, it (used to replace singular masculine nouns) le stylo, le garçon she, it (used to replace singular feminine nouns) la robe, la fille we, one, they, you (used in casual conversation or to make a generalized statement) we you (referring to a group of people or 1 person of formal relation) they (used to replace plural masculine nouns) les stylos, les garçons they (used to replace plural feminine nouns) les robes, les filles Which (they) do you use, ils or elles, when your subject is both masculine and feminine? o If you say THEY in reference to a boy and girl together, use the ILS plural form. o ELLES plural refers specifically to an all female group of people where ILS can refer to all male or a group of male and female. ~ 4 ~

5 What is an infinitive? Leçon A ENGLISH examples FRENCH examples What does it mean to conjugate a verb? ENGLISH examples FRENCH examples How do you conjugate a regular ER verb in French? Create the stem: Add the endings which correspond with the subject: je nous tu vous il ils elle elles on les filles la fille mes amis mon ami Sarah et Joe Sarah Practice conjugating this verb (parler): je nous tu vous il ils elle elles on ~ 5 ~

6 Leçon A What is different about a group of er verbs called GER verbs? manger voyager plonger nager Practice conjugating this verb (nager): je nous tu vous il ils elle elles on ~ 6 ~

7 VERB CONJUGATION Leçon A A)_What does conjugate mean? Conjugation means to change a verb to match the subject it is working with. We do this in English but you probably take it for granted. to eat = an infinitive verb Infinitive is the TO form of a verb. I eat. You eat. He eats. She eats. We eat. They eat. *Note that in the 3 rd person singular, you add an S to the verb: to eat Changing the verb to eat, with the subjects above, is called conjugation. It helps you speak normally. Without conjugation, you would say things like this: I to eat with my friends today. We to go after dinner. B) Steps in conjugation. There are 3 categories of regular verbs in French: er, re and ir. You are first going to learn about those that are in the (er) verb category. Follow the below process to conjugate regular (er) verbs. 1. MAKE STEM: Drop the last 2 letters from the end of the verb. parler = parl 2. ADD ENDINGS : The endings depend on the category of verb that you are conjugating and the subject you are using. Add these endings to the stem of your verb. ER VERB ENDINGS Ending for the subject JE = e Ending for the subject TU = es Ending for the subject IL = e Ending for the subject ELLE = e Ending for the subject ON = e Ending for the subject NOUS = ons Ending for the subject VOUS = ez Ending for the subject ILS = ent Ending for the subject ELLES = ent 3. CONJUGATE: Make the ending and add the stem and you ve created meaning! je parle I talk. I am talking. I do talk. tu parles You talk. You are talking. You do talk. il/elle/on parle He talks. He is talking. He does talk. nous parlons We talk. We are talking. We do talk. vous parlez You talk. You are talking. You do talk. ils/elles parlent They talk. They are talking. They do talk. ~ 7 ~

8 C) GER verbs are a little different Leçon A GER verbs are (er) verbs with a small exception. The exception is due to a pronunciation issue. Read on to find out what this is all about Any (ger) verb, like manger, voyager and nager, will run into problems once conjugated with certain subjects. The problem is that a G followed by an A or an O changes sound. G followed by an E sounds like: jz (soft G) G followed by an A or O sounds like: guh (hard G) Je mange Nous mangeons *ADD an E after the G to keep the G sounding soft This only happens (this year) in the NOUS form Tu manges Vous mangez Il mange Elles mangent ~ 8 ~

9 Definite Article THE Why are there 4 forms of the word THE in French? This is all due to the fact that nouns in French are categorized as feminine or masculine as well as singular or plural. Your NOUN tells you which form of THE to use. THE before a masculine singular noun that begins with a consonant the boy = THE before a feminine singular noun that begins with a consonant the girl = THE before a masculine or feminine singular noun that begins with a vowel or the letter H the egg = THE before a masculine or feminine plural noun the girls = the boys = the eggs = LE BEFORE A DAY OF THE WEEK Happening once Happening repeatedly On Saturday On Saturdays On Tuesday On Tuesdays On Friday On Fridays ~ 9 ~

10 Unité 2 Leçon B Qu est-ce que tu aimes faire à la maison? What do you like to do at home? Tu aimes beaucoup? Do you like a lot? J aime un peu I like a little. J aime bien I really like J aime beaucoup I like a lot. étudier écouter regarder la télé jouer aux jeux vidéo téléphoner zapper surfer l Internet faire la cuisine dormir lire envoyer écrire un ordinateur un lecteur MP3 un magazine un e-zine un roman un coup de fil des textos ~ 10 ~

11 Leçon B What is an adverb? Describes verbs, adjectives and other adverbs. Adverbs tell how, how much, where, why or when. French adverbs usually come RIGHT AFTER the verbs they describe. beaucoup Je mange beaucoup. bien Je mange bien. un peu Je mange un peu. I sing a lot. I really sing. I sing a little. CLUE: THE ADVERB GOES AFTER THE CONJUGATED VERB!!!! When used with the verb aimer, the adverbs listed below go between aimer and the second verb. J aime un peu manger. J aime bien manger. J aime beaucoup manger. beaucoup subject + aimer (conjugated) + bien + action verb infinitive un peu I like to sing a lot. I really like to sing. I like to sing a little. CLUE: THE ADVERB GOES AFTER THE CONJUGATED VERB!!!! ~ 11 ~

12 Unité 2 Leçon C Moi, je préfère Tu préfères.ou? Me, I prefer Do you prefer or? Moi aussi Me too Pas moi. Je n aime pas Not me. I don t like Quel est le numéro de téléphone de? What is the phone number of? le basketball le foot le football américain le baseball le tennis le volley (volleyball) le footing le roller le hip-hop le rock le reggae la zik la techno la musique alternative la world télécharger de la musique faire les courses ~ 12 ~

13 Leçon C Les négatifs en français How do you say things like -I don t like to sing in class. -He doesn t want to dance with me. -I am not studying with you. -She is not listening to my mother. A) In French, the most basic negative word(s) are NE PAS Use this negative to translate phrases such as: am not does not, doesn t are not, aren t do not, don t is not, isn t *ne becomes n when it is followed by a vowel or vowel sound (a,e,i,o,u,h) You place it around whatever verb you are negating. Examples: Je n aime pas le foot. Elle ne joue pas le volley. Nous ne plongeons pas dans l océan. We sometimes call this making a verb sandwich. Draw one below to better understand this concept. Je le sandwich. ~ 13 ~

14 Leçon C Conjugating the French verb préférer. Not all verbs follow regular conjugation patterns. Préférer is in the verb group in which the accent changes direction (or from an accent aigu to an accent grave) with certain subjects. I will refer to this verb as a boot verb because the conjugation pattern helps me create that shape. Ask me to show you what I mean. Je Nous Tu Vous Il Elles Definite Article THE TO GENERALIZE WHAT WE LIKE and DON T LIKE How do LE, LA, L and LES translate in the following sentences? Elle aime la pizza. Je n aime pas la pizza. 1. I like soccer. 2. I don t like basketball. ~ 14 ~

15 Les numéros Leçon C Study page 82 in your book and examine how counting on your fingers (doigt) in France differs from counting on your fingers in the United States. Practice and be prepared to talk about the differences. 0 zéro " zaro" 1 un 2 deux "duh " 3 trois "trwa" 4 quatre "katruh" 5 cinq "sank" 6 six "sees" 7 sept "set" 8 huit "wheat" 9 neuf "nuhf" 10 dix "dees" 11 onze ohnz 12 douze dooz 13 treize trez 14 quatorze katorz 15 quinze kanz 16 seize says 17 dix-sept dee set 18 dix-huit deez wheat 19 dix-neuf deez nuf 20 vingt van 21 vingt et un "van tay un" 22 vingt-deux "van duh" ~ 15 ~