SOURCES ET MODES DE FINANCEMENT DES ÉTUDIANTS DE PREMIER CYCLE 2009

Transcription

1 ÉTUDE SOURCES ET MODES DE FINANCEMENT DES ÉTUDIANTS DE PREMIER CYCLE 2009 FÉDÉRATION ÉTUDIANTE UNIVERSITAIRE DU QUÉBEC Ensemble pour l éducation

2 Fédération étudiante universitaire du Québec 15 Marie-Anne Ouest Montréal, Québec H2W 1B6 Tél: Télec: Courriel:

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` A%&:',+*7,*F3%)1Y*((*,J$)&.#&%%&)&+*RSTE i

4 Les associations étudiantes membres de la FEUQ GC>><>*8?/GA* B%%1,/*(/1')&%$(0)/*'(&%&()&% $(0)/*'(%)&+*R*,0+($)&%%,/&',&% )&+U$)0,*(/1')&+UT'/;&#%/($)0 G>D<9* B%%1,/*(/1')&%$(0)/*'(%)&%,],+&% %0.$#/&0#%)&"1+](&,J'/\0& G"><2 B%%1,/*(/1'$(0)/*'(&)&+Ua,1+&)&% G>>HG9* B%%1,/*(/1'$(0)/*'(&)&+Ua,1+& '*(/1'*+&)U*)</'/%(#*(/1'.0=+/\0& G>9* G>?D<** B%%1,/*(/1')&%$(0)/*'(%)&+* "1+](&,J'/\0& B%%1,/*(/1')&%$(0)/*'(%)&+bcZV6 T#=*'/%*(/1'40+(0#&&(61,/$($ G2>DG7> B%%1,/*(/1'2$'$#*+&)&%$(0)/*'(% &($(0)/*'(&%)04*<.0%)&9$;/% G2>DGI** G2>JG B%%1,/*(/1'2$'$#*+&)&%$(0)/*'(% )0,*<.0%^V/<10%[/ B%%1,/*(/1'2$'$#*+&$(0)/*'(&)& +Uc'%(/(0(B#<*')7R#*../&# ii

5 G2>?/GK* B%%1,/*(/1'2$'$#*+&$(0)/*'(&)& +UT'/;&#%/($)0E0$=&,&'B=/(/=/7 I$</%,*</'20& D<? 41',1#)/*6(0)&'(T'/1' GLD?A* R$)$#*(/1')&%*%%1,/*(/1'% $(0)/*'(&%)0,*<.0%)& >?< R$)$#*(/1'$(0)/*'(&)&+UT'/;&#%/($ )&6J&#=#11[& 2$'$#*+&%$(0)/*'(&%)&+UT'/;&#%/($ )0E0$=&,^4J/,10(/</ 92<<* iii

6 Mot du président 4J3#&%+&,(#/,&%Y,J&#%+&,(&0#%Y 9&%)&0W$)/(/1'%)&+U$(0)&%0#+&%%10#,&%&(<1)&%)&X/'*',&<&'()04Z467RSTE1'($($)&%$(0)&% <*d&0#&%.10#+&%]%(3<&0'/;&#%/(*/#&)0e0$=&,`t'/\0&%&'+&0#2&'#&y&++&%1'(.&#</%)&<&((#&%0# +* (*=+& +*.#$,*#/($ /'J$#&'(& *0 %(*(0( )U$(0)/*'( )&,],+&% 0'& #&%%10#,&$\0/;*+&'(&'U&W/%(*/(.*%d0%\0U^*0d10#)UJ0/*0.#&</&#,],+&`4&((&$(0)&;/&'(,1<=+&#,& ;/)&` $(0)/*'(% 0'/;&#%/(*/#&% )0 E0$=&,.10#,/=+&# )& '1<=#&0%&%,*#*,($#/%(/\0&% )& +&0#%,1')/(/1'% )& ;/&`V&;&'0%Y)$.&'%&%Y<*'\0&^2*2'&#Q+&.1#(#*/(&%(*0%%/&WJ*0%(/X\0&#/210#&0W` 9&%.#1,J*/'%<1/%%&#1'()1',,1'%*,#$%^#&')#&'1(#&$(0)&*,,&%%/=+&*0.+0%2#*')'1<=#&Y*X/' )U&' *%%0#&# 0'& )/XX0%/1' <*%%/;&` S',1'%/)$#*'( +&% 1#/&'(*(/1'% *)1.($&%,1',&#'*'( +U*;&'/# )& +U*,,&%%/=/+/($*0W$(0)&%0'/;&#%/(*/#&%*0E0$=&,&(+U&'2*2&<&'(210;&#'&<&'(*+)&J*0%%&#+&%X#*/% )&%,1+*#/($^'10;&*0&'>8->Y,&((&$(0)&(1<=&*.1/'(`5*2&1'%\0U&++&.&#<&((#*)&<&((#&)& +U*;*'(+*%/(0*(/1')/XX/,/+&)&%$(0)/*'(%\0$=$,1/%)&.#&</&#,],+&` S';10%%10J*/(*'(0'&=1''&+&,(0#&Y 7(+'.89:'3';;,*<%-(',* Q'%/)&-+(# RSTE iv

7 Remerciements a(*'()1''$%*'*(0#&&(%1'*<.+&0#y+*#$*+/%*(/1')&,&((&$(0)&*,1'%(/(0$0')$x/)u&';&#20#&&(* &W/2$ )& +U$\0/.& )& +* RSTE 0'& <1=/+/%*(/1' /<.1#(*'(& )& #&%%10#,&%Y.*#(/,0+/3#&<&'( %0# +&.+*' X/'*',/&#`?,&(/(#&Y'10%%10J*/(1'%&W.#/<&#(10(&'1(#&#&,1''*/%%*',&*0W1#2*'/%<&%\0/1'(#&')0,&.#1d&(.1%%/=+&&()1'(+U*..0//')$X&,(/=+&($<1/2'&)&+&0#/'($#e(^%10(&'/#+*#&+3;&\0$=$,1/%&K Q R1')*(/1',*'*)/&''& )&% =10#%&% )U$(0)&%)0</++$'*/#& RBS4T@ Q R$)$#*(/1' )&% *%%1,/*(/1'% $(0)/*'(&% )0,*<.0% )& +UT'/;&#%/($ 9*R1')*(/1')0<10;&<&'(_&%d*#)/'% 6*'%+&0#*..1#(Y,&((&$(0)&'U*0#*/(.0.#$%&'(&#+&,*)#&<$(J1)1+12/\0&&(+&)$(*/+)U*'*+]%&\0& '10%+0/,1''*/%%1'%*0d10#)UJ0/` 9*#$*+/%*(/1')U0'%1')*2&)U*0%%/;*%(&&';&#20#&\0&,&+0/\0/*$($#$*+/%$)*'%+&,*)#&)&'1(#& $(0)&*'$,&%%/($+*.#$,/&0%&,1++*=1#*(/1')&%2&'%)&9$2&#@*#[&(/'2`Z10%(&'1'%.*#(/,0+/3#&<&'( ^($<1/2'&#'1(#&#&,1''*/%%*',&^@<&<%)#$'),*7";')%@Y;/,&7.#$%/)&'(&YA%&:',+*2%B)"Y)/#&,(&0# *0W*XX*/#&%.0=+/\0&%&(C%)',33,*<&85'3%'$,Y*'*+]%(&Y(10%,J&g9$2&#@*#[&(/'2` "*#*/++&0#%Y'10%(&'1'%^#&<&#,/&#+&%.&#%1''&%%0/;*'(&%.10#+&0#,1++*=1#*(/1'&(+&(&<.%\0U&++&% 1'(,1'%*,#$ ^ $,J*'2&# *;&, '10% %0#,&( &'d&0y 10 ^ '10% X10#'/# +U/'X1#<*(/1' '$,&%%*/#& ^ +U*,(0*+/%*(/1')&'1(#&$(0)&`a(*'()1''$+&'1<=#&/<.1#(*'()&.&#%1''&%,1'(*,($&%Y'10%;10%.#/1'% )& =/&' ;10+1/# &W,0%&# (10(& $;&'(0&++& 1</%%/1'Y &( )$%/#1'% ;10% *%%0#&# )& '1(#& #&,1''*/%%*',&` v

8 Collaborateurs 9&%0..1#(&(+U/'($#e(%10(&'0)U*',/&'%#&%.1'%*=+&%)04Z467RSTE.10#+*,*0%&1'($2*+&<&'($($ X1#( *..#$,/$%` 4&% #&<&#,/&<&'(% %U*)#&%%&'(.*#(/,0+/3#&<&'( ^ AM*9:'3';;,8N3'-',$* 2'$(+OY &W7.#$%/)&'()04Z467RSTED>88A7>88PFYAM*$"#"$'1*7%3%)#,Y&W7.#$%/)&'()04Z467RSTED>88P7>88OF` 9&(#*;*/+)&#$;/%/1'+/'20/%(/\0&&'&%(0')&<1/'&&(Y&',&%&'%Y'10%*/<&#/1'%#&<&#,/&#&((10%,&0W \0/ 1'(.*#(/,/.$ ^ +* #$;/%/1' +/'20/%(/\0& &(Y.+0%.*#(/,0+/3#&<&'(Y D%&:,$'),* C$%E..10# +U/',#1]*=+&(#*;*/+*,,1<.+/` 9& (#*;*/+ )& #$;/%/1' %(*(/%(/\0& * $($ X*/(.*#.+0%/&0#%,1++*=1#*(&0#%Y (10(,1<<& +& (#*;*/+ )&,1'%(#0,(/1')&%(*=+&*0WY'10%%1<<&%(#3%#&,1''*/%%*'(%^+U&')#1/()&,&0W\0/'10%1'(.&#</%)& X*/#&,&((&#&,J&#,J&0'&#$X$#&',&)*'%+&)1<*/'&`@&#,/.*#(/,0+/&#^+UB_SS6S7TEB@Y^+UBS"&(^+* RBS4T@ \0/ 1'( </% =&*0,10. )& #&%%10#,&%Y )& (&<.% &( )U$'&#2/& )*'%,&((& #&,J&#,J&` vi

9 Faits saillants de l étude Méthodologie du sondage 9*.1.0+*(/1',/=+&)&+U$(0)&,1##&%.1')^+U&'%&<=+&)&%$(0)/*'(%/'%,#/(%*0.#&</&#,],+&*0E0$=&, &( *.(&% ^ #$.1')#& ^ 0' \0&%(/1''*/#& &' *'2+*/% 10 &' X#*'h*/%` E0*(1#g& $(*=+/%%&<&'(% %1'(.#$%&'(%K GS4 &( +* R*,0+($ )U$)0,*(/1'.&#<*'&'(& )& +UT'/;&#%/($ 'U1'(.0e(#&/',+0%&%`9U$(0)&,1<.#&')->N-:#$.1')*'(%Y,&\0/+*#&')#&.#$%&'(*(/;&)&+U&'%&<=+& )& +*.1.0+*(/1' &(Y.*# +* <e<& 1,,*%/1'Y,& \0/ &' X*/( 3%* ;3+.* -%.&,* "&+#,* P%4%'.* $"%3'.",*.+$* 3,.* 1()#'&'().*#,*-',*#,.*"&+#'%)&.*#,*;$,4',$*1@13,*%+*/+"0,1M* 9& \0&%(/1''*/#& &%( )/%.1'/=+& &' *''&W&` c+,/=+*/( +&% %10#,&% )& X/'*',&<&'(Y +&% )$.&'%&%Y +U&')&((&<&'(Y +* <1=/+/($ $(0)/*'(&Y +&.#1X/+ %,1+*/#& &( +&.#1X/+ %1,/1)$<12#*.J/\0&Y.10# +U*''$& >88:`9U&'\0e(&*$($<&'$&.*#/'(&#'&(*0,10#*'()&+UJ/;&#>8-8Y&'(#&+&-NX$;#/&#>8-8&(+&>: <*#%>8-8` 9& (*0W )& #$.1'%& ^ +U&'\0e(& &%( &W,&.(/1''&+K)&Ai^-Li.*# $(*=+/%%&<&'(Y.10# 0' (*0W )& #$.1'%&2+1=*+)&Oi`4&,/*%%0#&0'&<*#2&)U&##&0#1%,/++*'(Y.10#+&%$(0)/*'(%(&<.%.+&/'Y&'(#&j 8i&(j-8iY&(,&Y-:X1/%%0#>8`"10#+&%$(0)/*'(%^(&<.%.*#(/&+Y+*<*#2&)U&##&0#)&+U&'\0e(& ;*#/&&'(#&j8i&(j>oiy&(,&y-:x1/%%0#>8`b/'%/y'10%%1<<&%#&.#$%&'(*(/x%%0#+*.+0.*#()&% %10%7$,J*'(/++1'%)&+U$(0)&` 9&%)1''$&%1'($($.1')$#$&%%&+1'+&%,#/(3#&%%0/;*'(%K%&W&Y#$2/<&)U$(0)&&($(*=+/%%&<&'(`4&,/.&#<&( )k$(*=+/# 0'.1#(#*/( X/)3+& )&%,1')/(/1'% )& ;/& )&% $(0)/*'(% %0# +U&'%&<=+& )0 (&##/(1/#& \0$=$,1/%` H(+.* ;(+-().* %QQ'$4,$* R+,* 3S,)R+T&,*,.&* $,;$".,)&%&'-,* #,* 3%* ;(;+3%&'()* "&+#'%)&,* R+"0"1('.,*#,*;$,4',$*1@13,M Portrait des étudiants à temps plein 9&%$(0)/*'(%^(&<.%.+&/'%1'()*'%0'&%/(0*(/1'2$'$#*+&<&'(.#$,*/#&*+1#%\0&A8i)U&'(#&&0W 1'( 0' X/'*',&<&'( (1(*+ )& <1/'% ->>88l` B0 (1(*+Y,& %1'( L8i )&% $(0)/*'(% \0/ '& #&h1/;&'( *0,0'&,1'(#/=0(/1'X/'*',/3#&)&+&0#%.*#&'(%*+1#%\0&O8YOi)&%$(0)/*'(%^(&<.%.+&/',0<0+&'( $(0)&%&(&<.+1/&'>88:`_&,&'1<=#&Y+*<1/(/$)U&'(#&&0W(#*;*/++&'(.+0%)&-AJ&0#&%.*#%&<*/'&Y <&((*'(&'.$#/++*#$0%%/(&)&+&0#%$(0)&% -`9&#$%0+(*(&%(0'<*'\0&^2*2'&#%0.$#/&0#^>:88l.10# +*<1/(/$)&%$(0)/*'(%&(N8YOi)U&'(#&&0W%U*((&')&'(^,1'(#*,(&#0'&)&((&)U/,/+U1=(&'(/1')&+&0# )/.+m<& 0'/;&#%/(*/#&` _&.+0%Y >Ai )&% $(0)/*'(% ^ (&<.%.+&/' %U*((&')&'( ^ *;1/# 0'& )&((& )& -O888l^+*X/')&+&0#%$(0)&%)&.#&</&#,],+&` Profil socioéconomique 9&.#&</&# ;1+&( )& +U*'*+]%& (10,J& +&.#1X/+ %1,/1$,1'1</\0& )&% $(0)/*'(%K n2&y %/(0*(/1' )UJ*=/(*(/1'Y #&;&'0.*#&'(*+Y '/;&*0 )& %,1+*#/($.*#&'(*+Y (].& )&.#12#*<<&Y $(*(,/;/+Y.#$%&',& )U&'X*'(%^,J*#2&&(+&#&,10#%^+U*/)&X/'*',/3#&*0W$(0)&%`I10(*0+1'2)0)1,0<&'(Y'10%.10;1'% )$2*2&#.+0%/&0#%.#1X/+% (].&% )U$(0)/*'(%Y '1(*<<&'(Y,J&g +&% $(0)/*'(% ^ (&<.%.+&/'Y /+ ] * +&% $(0)/*'(% (#*)/(/1''&+% D*0,J&</'&<&'( /'/'(&##1<.0 &'(#& +& %&,1')*/#& &( +U0'/;&#%/($F &( '1' (#*)/(/1''&+%`9&%.#&</&#%%1'(.+0%d&0'&%Y.#1;/&''&'(2$'$#*+&<&'()&</+/&0W.+0%*/%$%&(</&0W %,1+*#/%$%*+1#%\0&+&%%&,1')%1'(+&%,*#*,($#/%(/\0&%/';&#%&%` - "#$%& '())*+%& "#$%%&''()(*(+, -(.$.%(/0& 1 *$ 0,2''(+& &+ 3#,+23&'%& ",-.& /0& & 65& 78960:/3-;2%& vii

10 9*.1.0+*(/1' $(0)/*'(& ^ (&<.%.+&/' &%( %0#(10(,1',&'(#$& &'(#& >8 &( >L *'%` 9* <*d1#/($ )&% $(0)/*'(%^(&<.%.+&/'DPOYOiF1'(>L*'%10<1/'%` 9*%/(0*(/1')UJ*=/(*(/1'&%(0'/')/,*(&0#/<.1#(*'()0.#1X/+)&+U$(0)/*'(`"#3%)0(/&#%)&%$(0)/*'(% DM>Y>iFJ*=/(&'(,J&g+&0#%.*#&'(%Q0'&%/(0*(/1'.+0%X#$\0&'(&,J&g+&%$(0)/*'(%&'.#1;&'*',&)& </+/&0W.+0%*/%$%o(10(&'$(*'(*0W$(0)&%^(&<.%.+&/'`_U*0(#&.*#(Y,&%1'(>OYMi)&%$(0)/*'(% /'%,#/(% ^ (&<.%.+&/' \0/ %& #&(#10;&'( &',1+1,*(/1'` B0 (1(*+Y ;$U.* #,.* #,+O* &',$.* #,.* "&+#'%)&.* V* &,4;.*;3,')*)S:%0'&,)&*;%.*1:,W*3,+$.*;%$,)&.Y,&\0/&'(#*p'&)&%)$.&'%&%/<.1#(*'(&%`_&.+0%Y,&((& %/(0*(/1' )UJ*=/(*(/1' &%( <1/'% X#$\0&'(&,J&g +&% $(0)/*'(%.#1;&'*'( )& </+/&0W <1/'% '*'(/%Y *,,&'(0*'(+&0#%)/XX/,0+($%X/'*',/3#&%` D:,W*3,.*"&+#'%)&.*').1$'&.*V*&,4;.*;3,')6*1,*.()&*;$U.*#,*XY*Z*#,.*"&+#'%)&.*V*&,4;.*;3,')*R+'*.()&*#,.* "&+#'%)&.* #,* ;$,4'U$,* B")"$%&'() q,u&%(7^7)/#& )&% $(0)/*'(% )1'( +&%.*#&'(% '& %1'( d*<*/% *++$% ^ +U0'/;&#%/($`J3*.S%B'&*#S+)*.'B),*'4;($&%)&*R+,*3%*&$%#'&'()*#,*Q$"R+,)&%&'()*+)'-,$.'&%'$,*#+*/+"0,1*,.&*,)1($,*&$U.*Q$%B'3,M** B0 (1(*+Y LYPi )&% $(0)/*'(% ^ (&<.%.+&/' %1'( *0%%/.*#&'(%` 4&((&.#1.1#(/1' <1'(& (10(&X1/% )& <*'/3#&/<.1#(*'(&*;&,+Un2&K[\6]*Z*#,.*"&+#'%)&.*#,*;3+.*#,*[X*%).*()&*#"13%$"*%-('$*%+*4(').*+)*,)Q%)&` 9U*/)& X/'*',/3#& *0W $(0)&% DBRSF &%( 0'& /<.1#(*'(& %10#,& )& X/'*',&<&'(.10# +&% $(0)/*'(% 0'/;&#%/(*/#&% /'%,#/(% ^ (&<.%.+&/'` S',& %&'%Y.+0% )& X\*Z* #,.* "&+#'%)&.* ').1$'&.* V* &,4;.* ;3,')* $,1,-%',)&*#,*3S%'#,*Q')%)1'U$,K)&,&'1<=#&Y%&0+&<&'([Y6^*Z*$,1,-%',)&*#,.*;$T&.*,&*#,.*0(+$.,.` 9&%$(0)/*'(%.+0%%0%,&.(/=+&%)&#&,&;1/#)&+U*/)&)0.#12#*<<&)UBRS%1'(+&%$(0)/*'(%.+0%n2$%Y,&0W\0/'UJ*=/(&'(.*%,J&g+&0#%.*#&'(%&(,&0W\0/.#1;/&''&'()&</+/&0W<1/'%*/%$%` Sources de financement 4&((&%&,(/1'(#*/(&#*)&%%10#,&%)&X/'*',&<&'(&()&#&;&'0%)&%$(0)/*'(%^(&<.%.+&/'`c+,1';/&'( )U*=1#) )& )$X/'/#,& \0& '10%,1'%/)$#1'%,1<<& 0'& %10#,& )& X/'*',&<&'( &( )& #&;&'0%` 4&,1',&.( /',+0( +&% #&;&'0% )U&<.+1/ D/'(&#'& &( &W(&#'& ^ +U0'/;&#%/($FY +&% =10#%&% )U&W,&++&',&Y +U*/)&.10# )&%,1++1\0&% 10 %(*2&%Y +&%.#e(% &( =10#%&% )& +U*/)& X/'*',/3#& *0W $(0)&%Y +*,1'(#/=0(/1'.*#&'(*+&&(+*,1'(#/=0(/1'X*</+/*+&*0(#&D%1/(+&%.&'%/1'%*+/<&'(*/#&%10+*,1'(#/=0(/1')0,1'd1/'(F` 9&X/'*',&<&'((1(*+)&%$(0)/*'(%^(&<.%.+&/'&%(#&+*(/;&<&'(X*/=+&KY\*Z*#,.*"&+#'%)&.*B%B),)&* 4(').*#,*_[*[\\*`*%))+,33,4,)&`4&,//')/\0&0'&)/%(#/=0(/1')&%%10#,&%)&X/'*',&<&'(*%]<$(#/\0& ^ 2*0,J&K &' (&#<&%.+0%,+*/#%Y +),* Q($&,* ;$(;($&'()* #S"&+#'%)&.* B%B),)&* #,* &$U.* Q%'03,.* 4(@,).* Q')%)1',$.` C#Y +&% %10#,&% )& X/'*',&<&'( *02<&'(&'( 2$'$#*+&<&'( &' X1',(/1' )& +Un2&Y )& +*.#$%&',& )U*/)& X/'*',/3#& *0W $(0)&% &( )& +* %/(0*(/1' )UJ*=/(*(/1' D+&% $(0)/*'(% \0/ 'UJ*=/(&'(.*%,J&g+&0#%.*#&'(%1'(0'X/'*',&<&'((1(*+.+0%$+&;$F` 9*,1'(#/=0(/1'.*#&'(*+&&%(0'&%10#,&)&X/'*',&<&'(/<.1#(*'(&,J&g+&%$(0)/*'(%^(&<.%.+&/'`S' &XX&(Y+&#$2/<&)U*/)&X/'*',/3#&*0W$(0)&%%U*((&')^,&\0&+&%.*#&'(%,1<<&',&'(^,1'(#/=0&#*0W $(0)&%)&+&0#%&'X*'(%^.*#(/#)U0'#&;&'0=#0(*''0&+)&.#3%)&M8888lY,&\0/&%(+*,1'(#/=0(/1'+*.+0% $+&;$& )0 4*'*)*` C#Y X\*Z* #,.* "&+#'%)&.* V* &,4;.* ;3,')* ),* $,1,-%',)&* %+1+),* 1()&$'0+&'()* ;%$,)&%3,` NNYMi )&% =$'$X/,/*/#&% )& +U*/)& X/'*',/3#& *0W $(0)&% \0/ #&,&;*/&'( )&%.#e(% &( )&% =10#%&% %& #&(#10;*/&'( )*'% +* <e<& %/(0*(/1'` 9&% $(0)/*'(% \0/.#1;&'*/&'( )&% </+/&0W.+0% <1)&%(&%DNA888l&(<1/'%)&#&;&'0=#0(*''0&+F#&,&;*/&'(0'&*/)&)*'%LNY:i)&%,*%` 7%* 1()&$'0+&'()* ;%$,)&%3,* 4"#'%),*,.&* #,* 3S($#$,* #,* [* a\\*`m* 4&((&,1'(#/=0(/1' *02<&'(& %/ +&% $(0)/*'(% )&<&0#&'( ^ +U&W($#/&0# )0 )1</,/+& X*</+/*+ 10 %U/+% '& #&h1/;&'(.*% )U*/)& X/'*',/3#& *0W viii

11 $(0)&%`9*,1'(#/=0(/1';*#/&.&0%&+1'+&#&;&'0X*</+/*+Y=/&'\0&+&%<1'(*'(%)U*/)&(#3%$+&;$%%1'(.+0%X#$\0&'(%,J&g+&%X1]&#%.+0%#/,J&%`>33,*$,;$".,)&,*[[6X*Z*#+*Q')%)1,4,)&*&(&%3*#,.*"&+#'%)&.M T'&X*/=+&.*#()&%$(0)/*'(%^(&<.%.+&/'DMYPiF#&h1/(0'&,1'(#/=0(/1'X*</+/*+&*0(#&D,1'(#/=0(/1' )0,1'd1/'(10.&'%/1'*+/<&'(*/#& > F`4&((&,1'(#/=0(/1'&%(.+0%X#$\0&'(&,J&g+&%$(0)/*'(%)&.+0%)& >L*'%`>33,*$,;$".,)&,*_*Z*#+*Q')%)1,4,)&*&(&%3*#,.*"&+#'%)&.M* 4&%1'(MOY:i)&%$(0)/*'(%^(&<.%.+&/'\0/#&h1/;&'()&%.#e(%)&+U*/)&X/'*',/3#&*0W$(0)&%`DS,.&* &(+&,Q('.*3,*1%.*#,*aX*Z*#,.*"&+#'%)&.*#,*[Y*%).*,&*;3+.6*,&*#,*Yb*Z*#,.*"&+#'%)&.*;$(-,)%)&*#,*Q%4'33,.* B%B)%)&*4(').*#,*aY*\\\*`M*C,*;3+.6*Y\*Z*#,.*"&+#'%)&.*V*&,4;.*;3,')*$,c('-,)&*+)*;$T&*#,*4(').*#,*[* a\\*``4&+0/7,/*02<&'(&,j&g+&%$(0)/*'(%.#1;&'*'()&x1]&#%.+0%)$x*;1#/%$%y\0/'uj*=/(&'(.*%,j&g +&0#%.*#&'(%Y\0/%1'(.+0%n2$%10\0/#&h1/;&'(*0%%/)&%=10#%&%)&+UBRS` 9&%=10#%&%%1'(+&%&,1')(].&)&X/'*',&<&'(1,(#1]$.*#+U*/)&X/'*',/3#&*0W$(0)&%`C#Y>AYOi)&% $(0)/*'(%^(&<.%.+&/'&'#&h1/;&'(D,&0W7,/#&h1/;&'(*0%%/Y%*0X\0&+\0&%#*#&%&W,&.(/1'% M Y)&%.#e(%F` 4&((&.#1.1#(/1'*02<&'(&,J&g+&%$(0)/*'(%\0/'&#$%/)&'(.*%,J&g+&0#%.*#&'(%Y,&0W\0/1'(>A*'% &(.+0%&(,&0W\0/.#1;/&''&'()U0'&X*</++&*]*'(0'#&;&'0)&<1/'%)&NA888l`7,*Q')%)1,4,)&* $,c+*,)*&,$4,.*#,*0(+$.,.*,.&*+)*;,+*;3+.*"3,-"*r+,*1,3+'*$,c+*,)*;$t&.6*1,*.()&*y\*z*#,.*"&+#'%)&.*r+'* ()&*+)*;$T&*#,*]*\\\*`M*9&%=10#%&%#&h0&%%1'(.+0%$+&;$&%,J&g+&%$(0)/*'(%\0/'&#$%/)&'(.*%,J&g +&0#%.*#&'(%Y &(,J&g +&% $(0)/*'(%.+0% n2$%` 7,.* 0(+$.,.* #,* 3SG>* $,;$".,)&,)&* ;$U.* #+* R+%$&* #+* Q')%)1,4,)&*&(&%3*#,.*"&+#'%)&.*0")"Q'1'%'$,.*#,*0(+$.,.M* 9& (#*;*/+ #$<0'$#$ &%( +* %&0+& %10#,& )& #&;&'0% *0(1'1<& )&% $(0)/*'(%q ^\6^*Z* #,.* "&+#'%)&.* V* &,4;.*;3,')*()&*(11+;"*%+*4(').*+)*,4;3('*#+$%)&*3S%))",*[\\b`4J&g,&0W\0/(#*;*/++&'(Y3,*$,-,)+* #S,4;3('*4"#'%)*.,*.'&+,*V*b*\\\*`M*9&%$(0)/*'(%*.+0%n2$%(/#&'(.+0%)&#&;&'0%\0&+*<1]&''&)& +&0#&<.+1/Y&(,&0W\0/1'()#1/(*0W.#e(%&(=10#%&%)&+UBRS(#*;*/++&'(<1/'% L`7,*&$%-%'3*$"4+)"$"* $,;$".,)&,*YY*Z*#+*Q')%)1,4,)&*&(&%3*#,.*"&+#'%)&.*V*&,4;.*;3,')` 9&(#*;*/+#$<0'$#$&',10#%)U$(0)&%*)&%/<.*,(%/<.1#(*'(%%0#+*.&#%$;$#*',&%,1+*/#&K.*%%$>8 J&0#&%)&(#*;*/+.*#%&<*/'&Y+&%/<.*,(%%0#+*#$0%%/(&%,1+*/#&%1'(.*#(/,0+/3#&<&'(<*#\0$%`C#Y1,*.()&*[Y6d*Z*#,.*"&+#'%)&.*R+'*&$%-%'33%',)&*%+8#,3V*#,*[\*:,+$,.*;%$*.,4%'),*;,)#%)&*3,+$.*"&+#,.Y,& \0/#&.#$%&'(&0'&<&'*,&/<.1#(*'(&.10#+*#$0%%/(&%,1+*/#&)&%$(0)/*'(%` 9&%=10#%&%)U&W,&++&',&%1'(0'&X1#<&)&X/'*',&<&'(.+0%#*#&K--YMi)&%$(0)/*'(%&'1'(#&h0 0'&`4&%1'(Y\*Z*#,*1,.*"&+#'%)&.*R+'*()&*$,c+*+),*0(+$.,*#,*4(').*#,*_*[Y\*`Y/')/\0*'(+*.#$%&',& )&=10#%&%)&(#3%J*0(%<1'(*'(%10+*.#$%&',&)&.+0%/&0#%=10#%&%,0<0+$&%`9*#$%/)&',&&%(+& %&0+X*,(&0#\0/&W&#,&0'&.#&%%/1'^+*J*0%%&%0#+&%<1'(*'(%)&=10#%&%Y+&%$(0)/*'(%'UJ*=/(*'(.*%,J&g+&0#%.*#&'(%#&,&;*'()&%=10#%&%.+0%$+&;$&%`7,.*"&+#'%)&.*V*&,4;.*;3,')*&'$,)&*[6]*Z*#,*3,+$* Q')%)1,4,)&*&(&%3*#,.*0(+$.,.*;$'-",.*,&*').&'&+&'()),33,.M* > 9*.&'%/1' *+/<&'(*/#& 'U&%(.*%Y *0 %&'% %(#/,(Y 0' #&;&'0 )& +U$(0)/*'(Y $(*'( )1''$ \0U&++& &%( )&%(/'$& )/#&,(&<&'( ^ +U&'X*'(` I10(&X1/%Y &++& &%(,1<.(*=/+/%$&,1<<& 0' #&;&'0.*# +U*/)& X/'*',/3#& *0W $(0)&% &(,1'(#/=0&*0X/'*',&<&'(2+1=*+)&%$(0)/*'(%Y)U1r+U/',+0%/1')*'%+U$(0)&` M c,/y'10%x*/%1'%#$x$#&',&*0w$(0)/*'(%j*')/,*.$%` L c+&%(^'1(&#\0&+&.#12#*<<&)ubrs&',10#*2&+*.&#%$;$#*',&%,1+*/#&&'/',/(*'(+&%=$'$x/,/*/#&%^(#*;*/++&# 0'</'/<0<.1%%/=+&`"*#+&X*/(<e<&Y+&%$(0)/*'(%#&,&;*'()&%=10#%&%)&+UBRS%1'(,1'(#*/'(%^0',&#(*/'.+*X1'))&#&;&'0%*'%\01/+&<1'(*'(#&h0%&#*)/</'0$` ix

12 Dépenses liées à la scolarité 9&% )$.&'%&% #&(&'0&% %1'( )& )&0W (].&%K,&++&% \0/ %1'( )/#&,(&<&'( +/$&% ^ +* %,1+*#/($ DX#*/% )& %,1+*#/($Y X#*/% *XX$#&'(%Y <*($#/&+ %,1+*/#&F &( +&% )$.&'%&% )& %0=%/%(*',& D+12&<&'(Y '10##/(0#&Y ;e(&<&'(%&(,j*0%%0#&%f` 9*X*,(0#&0'/;&#%/(*/#&<$)/*'&&%()&>N88lY*+1#%\0&+*X*,(0#&<1]&''&&%()&>O:8l.10#+&% $(0)/*'(%/'%,#/(%&'>88:`4&%)1''$&%%1'(,1J$#&'(&%*;&,+*#$2+&<&'(*(/1'&'.+*,&*0E0$=&,K&' >88:Y 0'& *''$& 0'/;&#%/(*/#&,1s(& - :NOl &' X#*/% )& %,1+*#/($ &( A:8l A &' X#*/% /'%(/(0(/1''&+% 1=+/2*(1/#&% D.10# 0'& <1]&''& (1(*+& )& > AAOlFY,& \0/ &W,+0( +&%,1(/%*(/1'% *0W *%%1,/*(/1'% $(0)/*'(&%`7%*4('&'"*#,.*"&+#'%)&.*+&'3'.,)&*;3+.*#,*[\*Z*#,*3,+$*Q')%)1,4,)&*;(+$*;%@,$*3,+$*Q%1&+$,* #,* Q$%'.* #,*.1(3%$'&"` _&,& '1<=#&Y +&% $(0)/*'(% )& <1/'% )& >L *'%Y,&0W \0/ J*=/(&'(,J&g +&0#%.*#&'(%&(,&0W\0/'&=$'$X/,/&'(.*%)&+U*/)&X/'*',/3#&*0W$(0)&%,1'%*,#&'(0'&.+0%2#*')&.*#()& +&0#X/'*',&<&'(*0WX#*/%)&%,1+*#/($`7,.*#";,).,.*4"#'%),.*#,*4%&"$',3*.1(3%'$,*.()&*#,*3S($#$,*#,* Y\\*`` c+ X*0( (10(&X1/% '1(&# \0& +* <1]&''& %& %/(0& ^ NP8lY,& \0/ /')/\0& 0'&.*#( /<.1#(*'(& )U$(0)/*'(%\0/.*/&'(=&*0,10..+0%&'<*(/3#&)&)$.&'%&%)&<*($#/&+` 9&+12&<&'(#&.#$%&'(&0'&)$.&'%&/<.1#(*'(&.10#+&%$(0)/*'(%KA8i)&%$(0)/*'(%^(&<.%.+&/',1'%*,#&'(MOYMi)&+&0#X/'*',&<&'(*0+12&<&'(`_&.+0%YaY6[*Z*#,.*"&+#'%)&.*V*&,4;.*;3,')*R+'* )S:%0'&,)&*;%.*1:,W*3,+$.*;%$,)&.*1().%1$,)&*;3+.*#+*&',$.*#,*3,+$*$,-,)+*%+O*#";,).,.*#,*3(B,4,)&Y,&\0/&%(*07)&+^)0%&0/+#&,1<<*')$.*#+*61,/$($,*'*)/&''&)UJ].1(J3\0&%&()&+12&<&'(D64G9F` "10#+U&'%&<=+&)&%$(0)/*'(%^(&<.%.+&/'YANYAi)&,&0W7,/%1'()*'%+*<e<&%/(0*(/1'` G+*&(&%36*Y\*Z*#,.*"&+#'%)&.*V*&,4;.*;3,')*#";,).,)&*;3+.*#,*[*X\\*`*;%$*%))",*;(+$*.,*)(+$$'$M*c+&%(^ '1(&# \0&*,&((& )$.&'%& *02<&'(& *;&, +Un2&` 4U&%( 0'& )$.&'%& \0/ #&.#$%&'(& &';/#1' >8i )0 <1'(*'((1(*+)&%)$.&'%&%)&%0=%/%(*',&`_&.+0%Y/+X*0(%10+/2'&#\0&,&%1'(.+0%)&+*<1/(/$)&% $(0)/*'(%^(&<.%.+&/'\0/.&/'&'(^%&'10##/#*;&,+&<1'(*'(.#&%,#/(.*#+UBRSY%1/(Pl.*#d10#` 7,.*#";,).,.*#,*-T&,4,)&.*,&*#,*1:%+..+$,.$,;$".,)&,)&*Y\\*`*.10#+&%$(0)/*'(%^(&<.%.+&/'`S' %1<<&Y+&%$(0)/*'(%,1'%*,#&'(Ai)&+&0#X/'*',&<&'((1(*+^,&((&)$.&'%&` Z10% *;1'% #&2#10.$ +&% )$.&'%&% )& +12&<&'(Y )& '10##/(0#& &( ;e(&<&'(%.10# #&.#$%&'(&# +&% )$.&'%&%)&%0=%/%(*',&`B0(1(*+Y+*<1/(/$)&%$(0)/*'(%)$.&'%&'(<1/'%)&ONM8l.*#*''$&`9* <1/(/$)&%$(0)/*'(%0(/+/%&'(.+0%\0&NNYPi)&+&0#X/'*',&<&'((1(*+^)&%X/'%)&%0=%/%(*',&`G+* &(&%36*[Y*Z*#,.*"&+#'%)&.*#";,).,)&*;3+.*;(+$*3,.*Q$%'.*#,*.+0.'.&%)1,*R+,*1,*#()&*'3.*#'.;(.,)&*1(44,* Q')%)1,4,)&*#'.;()'03,6*1,*R+'*.+;;(.,*+)*4%)R+,*V*B%B),$*(+*+)*,)#,&&,4,)&*'4;($&%)&M Bilan financier 4&((&%&,(/1'<&(&'#&+*(/1'+&%%10#,&%)&X/'*',&<&'(&(+&%)$.&'%&%`7%*4('&'"*#,.*"&+#'%)&.*()&*+)* 4%)R+,*V*B%B),$*.+;"$',+$*V*[*b\\*``9&%$(0)/*'(%^(&<.%.+&/'.+0%n2$%1'(0'<*'\0&^2*2'&#.+0%/<.1#(*'(Y(10(,1<<&,&0W\0/'UJ*=/(&'(.*%,J&g+&0#%.*#&'(%`G+*&(&%36 a\*z #,.*"&+#'%)&.*.S%&&,)#,)&*V*.($&'$*%-,1*#,.*#,&&,.*V*3%*Q')*#,*3,+$*;$(P,&*#S"&+#,M*9(+$*[Y*Z*#S,)&$,*,+O6*'3.*,.&'4,)&* %11+4+3,$*+),*#,&&,*#,*;3+.*#,*[\*\\\*`M* Portrait des étudiants à temps partiel?+*+0</3#&)&%/'x1#<*(/1'%\0&'10%*;1'%*'*+]%$&%y+&%$(0)/*'(%^(&<.%.*#(/&+1'()&%.#1x/+%(#3% )/XX$#&'(%)&%$(0)/*'(%)&.#&</&#,],+&^(&<.%.+&/'`S'%1<<&Y/+'U]*.*%\0U0'10)&0W.#1X/+%\0& A 4&,/ &%( +& <1'(*'( <1]&' )&% X#*/% /'%(/(0(/1''&+% 1=+/2*(1/#&%,J*#2$ *0W $(0)/*'(%.*# +&% 0'/;&#%/($% \0$=$,1/%&%` x

13 '10%.10;1'%)$2*2&#)&,&%)1''$&%Y<*/%0'&<0+(/(0)&)&.#1X/+%`9&%.+0%<*#\0*'(%'10%%&<=+&'( e(#&+&%$(0)/*'(%.*#&'(%&(+&%$(0)/*'(%)&>l*'%10<1/'%\0/$(0)/&'(^(&<.%.*#(/&+` Profil socioéconomique >L*'%10<1/'%`c+]*%&0+&<&'(-Pi)&%$(0)/*'(%^(&<.%.*#(/&+\0/J*=/(&'(,J&g+&0#%.*#&'(%`B0 (1(*+Y>Pi)&%$(0)/*'(%^(&<.%.*#(/&+1'(*0<1/'%0'&'X*'(^,J*#2&*+1#%\0&Y)&,&'1<=#&Y>>i ;/;&'(&',10.+&`41'(#*/#&<&'(*0W$(0)/*'(%/'%,#/(%^(&<.%.+&/'Y%&0+&<&'(AAi)&%$(0)/*'(%^ (&<.%.*#(/&+%1'(,$+/=*(*/#&%` c+ X*0( *0%%/ '1(&# \0& OAi 'U1'(.*% #&,10#% ^ +U*/)& X/'*',/3#& *0W $(0)&% )0 210;&#'&<&'( )0 E0$=&, N`_&.+0%YANYNi)&%$(0)/*'(%^(&<.%.*#(/&+%1'()&%$(0)/*'(%)&.#&</3#&2$'$#*(/1'` Sources de financement 4&((&%&,(/1'(#*/(&)&%%10#,&%)&X/'*',&<&'(&()&#&;&'0%)&%$(0)/*'(%^(&<.%.+&/'`c+,1';/&'( )U*=1#) )& )$X/'/#,& \0& '10%,1'%/)$#1'%,1<<& 0'& %10#,& )& X/'*',&<&'( &( )& #&;&'0%` 4&,1',&.( /',+0( +&% #&;&'0% )U&<.+1/ D/'(&#'& &( &W(&#'& ^ +U0'/;&#%/($FY +&% =10#%&% )U&W,&++&',&Y +U*/)&.10# )&%,1++1\0&% 10 %(*2&%Y +&%.#e(% &( =10#%&% )& +U*/)& X/'*',/3#& *0W $(0)&%Y +*,1'(#/=0(/1'.*#&'(*+&&(+*,1'(#/=0(/1'X*</+/*+&*0(#&D%1/(+&%.&'%/1'%*+/<&'(*/#&%10+*,1'(#/=0(/1')0,1'd1/'(F` 9& X/'*',&<&'( (1(*+ <$)/*' )&% $(0)/*'(% ^ (&<.%.*#(/&+ &%( )& >>888l` c+ &W/%(& 0'& )/XX$#&',& %/2'/X/,*(/;&&'(#&+&%$(0)/*'(%*;&,10%*'%&'X*'(^,J*#2&)&(&++&%1#(&\0&+&%$(0)/*'(%7.*#&'(%1'( 0'X/'*',&<&'(<$)/*')U&';/#1'A888l%0.$#/&0#^,&0W\0/'U1'(.*%)U&'X*'(^,J*#2&`9&%$(0)/*'(%.+0%d&0'&%%1'(*0%%/.+0%.*0;#&%K+&0#X/'*',&<&'(<$)/*'&%(.+0%X*/=+&)&->888l\0&,&+0/)& +&0#%,1++320&%.+0%n2$%` 4& %1'(.#3% )& O>i )&% $(0)/*'(% ^ (&<.%.*#(/&+ \0/ 1'( )&% #&;&'0% )U&<.+1/Y ^ (#*;&#%.#&%\0& (10(&% +&%,*($21#/&%` 9& #&;&'0 )U&<.+1/ <$)/*' )&% $(0)/*'(% ^ (&<.%.*#(/&+ \0/ (#*;*/++&'( &%( )& >PA88l`9&%$(0)/*'(%)&.+0%)&>L*'%%&<=+&'(2*2'&#.#3%)0)10=+&)&%.+0%d&0'&%`7,.*$,-,)+.* #S,4;3('*.()&* 3%*.(+$1,* ;$')1';%3,* #,* Q')%)1,4,)&* #,.* "&+#'%)&.* V* &,4;.* ;%$&',3* e^]*zf6* ;%$&'1+3'U$,4,)&*;(+$*3,.*"&+#'%)&.*;3+.*gB".M <,+3,4,)&*[]*Z*#,.*"&+#'%)&.*V*&,4;.*;%$&',3*$,c('-,)&*+),*1()&$'0+&'()*Q')%)1'U$,*#,*3%*;%$&*#,*3,+$.* ;%$,)&.`"*#,1'%$\0&'(Y/+]*0'&)/XX$#&',&'1(*=+&*0'/;&*0)&+Un2&Y.0/%\0&L:i)&%$(0)/*'(%)& >L*'%&(<1/'%#&h1/;&'(0'&(&++&,1'(#/=0(/1'Y,1'(#*/#&<&'(^->i)&%$(0)/*'(%)&.+0%)&>L*'% \0/&'#&h1/;&'(`D,&&,*1()&$'0+&'()*$,;$".,)&,*d*Z*#+*Q')%)1,4,)&*#,.*"&+#'%)&.*V*&,4;.*;%$&',3M 9&% *0(#&% %10#,&% )& X/'*',&<&'( $(0)/$&% D,1'(#/=0(/1' X*</+/*+& *0(#&Y =10#%&% )U&W,&++&',&Y */)& X/'*',/3#&*0W$(0)&%F,1'(#/=0&'(^0'&.*#(#&+*(/;&<&'(<*#2/'*+&)0X/'*',&<&'(` T'& %/(0*(/1'.*#(/,0+/3#& %& )$<*#\0&K +&% $(0)/*'(%7.*#&'(%` 4&% )&#'/&#% )/%.1%&'( +*.+0.*#( )0 (&<.% )U0' X/'*',&<&'( (1(*+ %0.$#/&0# *0W *0(#&%,*($21#/&% )U$(0)/*'(%Y &'(#& *0(#&%Y.*#,& \0U/+% )1/;&'(*%%0<&#+&%)$.&'%&%)&+&0#%&'X*'(%`B0%%/Y+&%$(0)/*'(%*]*'(0'10)&%&'X*'(%^,J*#2& =$'$X/,/&'()U0'&,1'(#/=0(/1'X*</+/*+&*0(#&D.&'%/1'*+/<&'(*/#&&(,1'(#/=0(/1')0,1'd1/'(F)*'%0'&.#1.1#(/1' )&.#3% )& >>i` 9* %/(0*(/1' )&% $(0)/*'(%7.*#&'(% ^ (&<.%.*#(/&+ &%(.*#(/,0+/3#&Y (10(,1<<& +&% $(0)/*'(%7.*#&'(%^(&<.%.+&/'` "+0% )& OLi )U&'(#& &0W (#10;&'( +*,1',/+/*(/1' $(0)&%7 N V*#&%%1'(+&%$(0)/*'(%^(&<.%.*#(/&+\0/%1'(=$'$X/,/*/#&%)&=10#%&%)&+UBRS`S'X*/(Y/+X*0(\0&+&%$(0)/*'(% #&<.+/%%&'(,&#(*/'&%,1')/(/1'%*X/'\0U/+%.0/%%&'(#&,&;1/#)&%=10#%&%)&+UBRSq+&'1<=#&(1(*+)&=$'$X/,/*/#&% )0.#12#*<<&)UBRS^(&<.%.*#(/&+&%()1',<1/')#&\0&.10#+&%$(0)/*'(%^(&<.%.+&/'`B/'%/Y+&%$(0)/*'(%^ (&<.%.*#(/&+%1'(%&0+&<&'(.#&%(*(*/#&%)&.#e(%` xi

14 X*</++&)/XX/,/+&Y%*'%,1<.(&#+&(#*;*/+`S'&XX&(Y$(*'()1''$\0&+&%$(0)/*'(%^(&<.%.*#(/&+%1'(.+0% &',+/'%^(#*;*/++&#\0&+&%$(0)/*'(%^(&<.%.+&/'Y+*,1',/+/*(/1'$(0)&%7X*</++&7(#*;*/+#&')+10#)&+* %/(0*(/1' )*'% +*\0&++& %& (#10;& +&% $(0)/*'(%.*#&'(% ^ (&<.%.*#(/&+ \0/ )1/;&'(,10#/# )U0' =1#),1<<&)&+U*0(#&.10#*##/;&#^1=(&'/#)&=1'%#$%0+(*(%%,1+*/#&%Y%U1,,0.&#)&+&0#X*</++&&(*;1/#0' &<.+1/#$<0'$#$\0/.10##*,1<=+&#+&0#%=&%1/'%` Dépenses liées à la scolarité 9&% )$.&'%&% #&(&'0&% %1'( )& )&0W (].&%K,&++&% \0/ %1'( )/#&,(&<&'( +/$&% ^ +* %,1+*#/($ DX#*/% )& %,1+*#/($Y X#*/% *XX$#&'(%Y <*($#/&+ %,1+*/#&F &( +&% )$.&'%&% )& %0=%/%(*',& D+12&<&'(Y '10##/(0#&Y ;e(&<&'(%&(,j*0%%0#&%f` 9*)$.&'%&<$)/*'&&'X#*/%)&%,1+*#/($&%()&-L88l`C',1'%(*(&\0&A8i)&%$(0)/*'(%)$.&'%&'( &'(#& >YPi &( -Ai )& +&0#% #&;&'0% &' X#*/% )& %,1+*#/($` 9&% X10#'/(0#&% %,1+*/#&%Y \0*'( ^ &++&%Y #&.#$%&'(&'(0'&)$.&'%&<$)/*'&)&M88l` 9* )$.&'%& <$)/*'& &' <*(/3#& )& +12&<&'( &%( )& OL88l.*# *'Y *;&, 0'& <1]&''& )& : L88lY /')/\0*'(,&#(*/'% +1]&#% $+&;$%` 6*'% %0#.#/%&Y +&% $(0)/*'(% J*=/(*'(,J&g +&0#%.*#&'(% )$.&'%&'( =&*0,10.<1/'%&'+12&<&'(\0&,&0W\0/J*=/(&'(J1#%)0)1</,/+&X*</+/*+`B0%%/Y+&%$(0)/*'(%)&>L *'%&(<1/'%)$.&'%&'(<1/'%\0&+&%*0(#&%&'+12&<&'(Y,&\0/.&0(%U&W.+/\0&#.*#+&X*/(\0U/+%%1'(.+0%'1<=#&0W^J*=/(&#,J&g+&0#%.*#&'(%)*'%,&2#10.&)Un2&`7,.*"&+#'%)&.*R+'*)S:%0'&,)&*;%.*1:,W* 3,+$.*;%$,)&.*.()&6*,)*$,-%)1:,6*;3+.*#,*a\*Z*V*1().%1$,$*;3+.*#+*&',$.*#,*3,+$*$,-,)+*,)*3(B,4,)&6*1,* R+'*3,+$*4,&*0,%+1(+;*#,*;$,..'()*Q')%)1'U$,M* 9&%*0(#&%)$.&'%&%%1'()&%.1%(&%/<.1#(*'(%K+*'10##/(0#&#&.#$%&'(&0'&)$.&'%&<1]&''&)&L L:8lY&(A8i)&%$(0)/*'(%)$.&'%&'(<1/'%)&MMN8l`<,+3,4,)&*]_*Z*#,.*"&+#'%)&.*V*&,4;.*;%$&',3* $"+..'..,)&*V*.,*)(+$$'$*;(+$*4(').*#,*d*`*;%$*P(+$Y+&=*#3<&/<.1%$.*#+U*/)&X/'*',/3#&*0W$(0)&%` 9*)$.&'%&(1(*+&&'X#*/%)&%0=%/%(*',&&%(&'<1]&''&.#3%)&-LL88lY*;&,)&%;*#/*(/1'%%&+1'+*.#$%&',& )U&'X*'(% ^,J*#2& &( +Un2&` 6&0+&<&'( >-i )&% $(0)/*'(% ^ (&<.%.*#(/&+ ;/;&'( %&+1' +&% =*#3<&%)&+U*/)&X/'*',/3#&*0W$(0)&%` Bilan financier 9&<*'\0&^2*2'&#)&%$(0)/*'(%^(&<.%.*#(/&+&%(%/2'/X/,*(/XKXX*Z*#,.*"&+#'%)&.* V*&,4;.*;%$&',3* ;$".,)&,)&*+)*4%)R+,*V*B%B),$M*9*)&((&&%(+10#)&^.1#(&#)*'%=/&')&%,*%KLNYNi)&%$(0)/*'(% %U*((&')&'( ^ %1#(/# &')&(($% )& +&0#% $(0)&%Y *;&, 0'& )&((& <1]&''&Y (10(& %10#,&,1'X1')0&Y )& --A88l` Conclusions générales et recommandations 4&#(*/'&%,1',+0%/1'%2$'$#*+&%%&)$2*2&'()&+U$(0)&K+&%,J&</'&<&'(%%1'()/;&#%/X/$%&(+*%/(0*(/1' X/'*',/3#& 2$'$#*+& )&% $(0)/*'(% &%(.#$,*/#&` 4U&%(.10#\01/ /+ ] * )&0W.*#(/&% /<.1#(*'(&% ^,&((& $(0)&Y+&%$(0)/*'(%^(&<.%.+&/'Y)U0'&.*#(Y&(+&%$(0)/*'(%^(&<.%.*#(/&+)&+U*0(#&` "#&</3#&<&'(Y+&%$(0)/*'(%0'/;&#%/(*/#&%/'%,#/(%^(&<.%.+&/'%1'()&.+0%/&0#%(].&%K(#1/%X*,(&0#%.#/',/.*0W%1'(^.#&')#&&',1<.(&Y%1/(+Un2&Y+*%/(0*(/1')UJ*=/(*(/1'&(+*.#$%&',&)U*/)&X/'*',/3#& *0W$(0)&%`9*.#/',/.*+&+/2'&\0/%$.*#&+&%$(0)/*'(%&%(+Un2&`4&+0/7,/&%(0'/<.1#(*'()$(&#</'*'(Y,*# /+ %$.*#& +&% $(0)/*'(% (#*)/(/1''&+% &( '1' (#*)/(/1''&+%Y +&%.#&</&#% $(*'(,&0W \0/ 1'( 0',J&</'&<&'( d02$ '1#<*+ %*'% /'(&##0.(/1' )0 %&,1')*/#& ^ +* )/.+1<*(/1'` c+%.#1;/&''&'(.#/',/.*+&<&'( )& </+/&0W.+0% X*;1#/%$%` E0*'( ^ &0WY +&% $(0)/*'(% '1' (#*)/(/1''&+%.#1;/&''&'( xii

15 2$'$#*+&<&'()&</+/&0W<1/'%X*;1#/%$%&(%1'(.+0%n2$%`c+X*0(.#&')#&&',1<.(&+&%)/XX$#&'(%(].&% )&,J&</'&<&'(%)*'%+U$(*=+/%%&<&'()&'1%.1+/(/\0&%.0=+/\0&%` c+x*0(*0%%/.#&')#&&',1<.(&+*.#1.1#(/1'/<.1#(*'(&)u$(0)/*'(%)&.#&</3#&2$'$#*(/1'klaymi )&%$(0)/*'(%^(&<.%.+&/'1'()&%.*#&'(%\0/'&%1'(d*<*/%*++$%^+U0'/;&#%/($`9*,1',+0%/1'\0&+U1'.&0(&'(/#&#&%(%/<.+&K+*(#*)/(/1'0'/;&#%/(*/#&\0$=$,1/%&&%(&',1#&(#3%X#*2/+&&(/+X*0(+*.#$%&#;&# &(+U*<$+/1#&#`4&,/.*%%&Y&'(#&*0(#&%Y.*#X*,/+/(&#+U*,,&%%/=/+/($*0W$(0)&%0'/;&#%/(*/#&%%10%(10(&% %&%X1#<&%D*,,&%%/=/+/($X/'*',/3#&Y2$'$#*(/1''&++&Y2$12#*.J/\0&&(/'(&#'*(/1'*+&F* "*# */++&0#%Y /+ X*0( '1(&# \0& >8YMi )&% $(0)/*'(% ^ (&<.%.+&/' )&.+0% )& >L *'% 1'( )$,+*#$ e(#&.*#&'(%` c+ %U*2/( )U0'& %/(0*(/1' )/XX/,/+& ^,1',/+/&#Y.0/%\0& O:YAi )&% $(0)/*'(% ^ (&<.%.+&/',1'%/)3#&'(\0&;/;#&,&((&%/(0*(/1'&%()/XX/,/+&.10#&0W`4&%(#1/%%/(0*(/1'%.*#(/,0+/3#&%&',*,J&'( (10(&X1/% )U*0(#&% Q.&'%1'%Y.*# &W&<.+&Y *0W $(0)&% &' #$2/1' 10 *0W $(0)/*'(% /'(&#'*(/1'*0W` 4J*\0&,J&</'&<&'( %,1+*/#& &%( 0'/\0&` c+ &%( /<.$#*(/X \0& +&%.1+/(/\0&%.0=+/\0&% \0/ ;/%&'( ^ *<$+/1#&# +U*,,&%%/=/+/($ *0W $(0)&% 0'/;&#%/(*/#&%.#&''&'( &',1<.(& +* ;*#/$($ )&%,J&</'&<&'(%.1%%/=+&%&';0&)U*%%0#&#+U$)0,*(/1'0'/;&#%/(*/#&+*.+0%*,,&%%/=+&\0&.1%%/=+&` I,1(44%)#%&'()*_*h* Que le gouvernement du Québec adapte ses programmes d appui à l accessibilité aux études universitaires en vue de préserver et améliorer l accès aux études; I,1(44%)#%&'()*[*h* Que le gouvernement du Québec adapte ses programmes d appui à l accessibilité aux études universitaires en vue de reconnaître la diversité des cheminements scolaires possibles (traditionnels et non traditionnels); I,1(44%)#%&'()*]*h* Que le gouvernement du Québec adapte ses programmes d appui à l accessibilité aux études universitaires en vue de faciliter la conciliation études-famille; c')$'/*=+&<&'(y +&% $(0)/*'(% ^ (&<.%.+&/' 1'( =&%1/' )U0' /<.1#(*'( *..0/ X/'*',/&# )& +*.*#( )0 210;&#'&<&'(` S' &XX&(Y +&% $(0)/*'(% ^ (&<.%.+&/' ;/;&'( )*'% 0'& %/(0*(/1' %1,/1$,1'1</\0& (#3%.#$,*/#&K/+&%(*/'%/.1%%/=+&)&,1'%(*(&#\0&+&X/'*',&<&'((1(*+<$)/*')&%$(0)/*'(%^(&<.%.+&/' %&%/(0&^->>88l.*#*''$&`4&,//')/\0&0'&)/%(#/=0(/1')0X/'*',&<&'(*%]<$(#/\0&^2*0,J&K&' (&#<&%.+0%,+*/#%Y+),*Q($&,*;$(;($&'()*#S"&+#'%)&.*()&*;,+*#,*.(+$1,.*#,*Q')%)1,4,)&M 9*X*,(0#&&%(%*+$&.10#+&%$(0)/*'(%K'1(1'%\0&aY6[*Z*#,.*"&+#'%)&.*V*&,4;.*;3,')*R+'*)S:%0'&,)&* ;%.*1:,W*3,+$.*;%$,)&.*1().%1$,)&*;3+.*#+*&',$.*#,*3,+$*$,-,)+*%+O*#";,).,.*#,*3(B,4,)&Y,&\0/&%(*07 )&+^)0%&0/+#&,1<<*')$.*#+*61,/$($,*'*)/&''&)UJ].1(J3\0&%&()&+12&<&'(D64G9F` c+&w/%(&*/'%/0'<*'\0&^2*2'&#/<.1#(*'(.10#)&'1<=#&0w$(0)/*'(%k/+&%(%0.$#/&0#^>:88l.10#+*<1/(/$)&%$(0)/*'(%`s'%1<<&yn8i)&%$(0)/*'(%^(&<.%.+&/')$.&'%&'(.+0%\0&,&\0/&%(.#&%,#/(.*# +& #$2/<& )U*/)& X/'*',/3#& *0W $(0)&%Y *+1#% \0& +&0# <*'\0& ^ 2*2'&# *''0&+ <$)/*' %U$+3;& ^ L -88l +1#%\0& +U1'.#&') &',1'%/)$#*(/1' +&%.#e(% )& +UBRS,1<<& 0'& %10#,& )U&')&((&<&'(` 93+.* ')R+'"&%)&*,)1($,6* X[6Y*Z* #,.* "&+#'%)&.* V* &,4;.* ;3,')* #'.,)&* %-('$* +),* #,&&,*,)-,$.*3SG>`I10(,&,/&%(+)*.'B),*R+,*3,*$"B'4,*#S%'#,*Q')%)1'U$,*,.&*#";%.."6*,)*;3+.*#S,)B,)#$,$*+)*,)#,&&,4,)&*'4;($&%)&M*B0%%/Y.10#X/'*',&#,&<*'\0&^2*2'&#Y/+X*0((#10;&#)U*0(#&%%10#,&%)& X/'*',&<&'(Q.10#+*.+0.*#()&%$(0)/*'(%Y,&+*;&0()/#&K*,,0<0+&#0'&')&((&<&'(%0..+$<&'(*/#& xiii

16 *0.#/;$`9U&')&((&<&'(&%(*0%%/)&%10#,&%.#/;$&%Y&',&%&'%Y>:i)&%$(0)/*'(%%U&')&((&'(%0#0'&,*#(&)&,#$)/(Y>-i%0#0'&<*#2&)&,#$)/(&(-Ai+&X1'(*0.#3%)&+&0#&'(10#*2&` B0(1(*+Yab6[*Z*#,.*"&+#'%)&.*V*&,4;.*;3,')*.S,)#,&&,)&*,&*[Y*Z*#S,)&$,*,+O*,.&'4,)&*R+SV*3%*.($&',*#,* 3,+$.*"&+#,.6*'3.*%+$()&*%11+4+3"*+),*#,&&,*#,*;$U.*#,*;3+.*#,*[\*\\\*``C#Y,&(&')&((&<&'(,0<0+$ #&(*#)&+&%.#1d&(%)&;/&K a]** Z*#,.*"&+#'%)&.*.S%&&,)#,)&* V* #,-('$* $,&%$#,$* 3S%1:%&* #S+),* ;$,4'U$,* 4%'.()`_&L-i^LLi%U*((&')&'(^#&(*#)&#+*X1')*(/1')U0'&X*</++&Y+*,#$*(/1')U0'&&'(#&.#/%&10 +*.10#%0/(&)U$(0)&%*0W,],+&%%0.$#/&0#%`9%$*%'33,+$.6*3,.*"&+#'%)&.*V*&,4;.*;3,')* $";()#,)&* #%).* +),* ;$(;($&'()* #,* ]^6[*Z* R+,* 3,.* 4(&'Q.* Q')%)1',$.*.()&* 3,.* 1%+.,.* ;$')1';%3,.* #,* 3S%0%)#()* (+* 3S')&,$$+;&'()*#,*3,+$.*"&+#,.M* S'%&,1')+/&0Y+U$(0)&.#$%&'(&Y)*'%+&)$(*/+Y+&%%10#,&%&(<1)&%)&X/'*',&<&'()&%$(0)/*'(%)&.#&</&#,],+&/'%,#/(%^(&<.%.*#(/&+`?+*+0</3#&)&%/'X1#<*(/1'%#&,0&/++/&%Y+&%$(0)/*'(%^(&<.%.*#(/&+Y (10(,1<<& +&% $(0)/*'(% ^ (&<.%.+&/'Y %1'( )&.+0%/&0#% (].&%` 9&%.#/',/.*0W X*,(&0#% ^.#&')#&&',1<.(&%1'(K+Un2&Y+*%/(0*(/1')UJ*=/(*(/1'Y+*.#$%&',&)U&'X*'(D%F^,J*#2&&(+*.#$%&',& )U*/)&X/'*',/3#&*0W$(0)&%`9*.#/',/.*+&+/2'&&%(+Un2&Y,*#.+0%)&%(#1/%\0*#(%)&%$(0)/*'(%^(&<.%.*#(/&+1'(.+0%)&>P*'%`_&,&%$(0)/*'(%Y-Li1'(.+0%)&L8*'%`4&+*<1'(#&\0&+*<*d1#/($)&,&% $(0)/*'(% %1'( )*'% )&% %/(0*(/1'% *(]./\0&%Y.*# &W&<.+&Y &' #&(10# *0W $(0)&% 10 &'.&#X&,(/1''&<&'(` 4J&g+&%$(0)/*'(%^(&<.%.*#(/&+Y+*.#1.1#(/1')U$(0)/*'(%)&.#&</3#&2$'$#*(/1'&%(#&+*(/;&<&'( /<.1#(*'(&`S'&XX&(Y.#3%)&ANi)U&'(#&&0W.#1;/&''&'()&X*</++&%)*'%+&%\0&++&%+&.3#&10+*<3#& 'U*d*<*/%X#$\0&'($+U0'/;&#%/($` 9&% $(0)/*'(% ^ (&<.%.*#(/&+ %1'( %10;&'( )&% (#*;*/++&0#% ^ (&<.%.+&/'` B0 <1/'% A8i )U&'(#& &0W (#*;*/++*/&'(.+0%)&M8J&0#&%.*#%&<*/'&.&')*'(+&0#%$(0)&%^+*%&%%/1')U*0(1<'&>88:`I10(&X1/%Y 1'*#&<*#\0$\0&+&%$(0)/*'(%.+0%d&0'&%*;*/&'(0'.#1X/+(1(*+&<&'()/XX$#&'()&,&+0/)&%$(0)/*'(% ^(&<.%.*#(/&+.+0%n2$%`4&%)&#'/&#%1,,0.&'(.+0%%10;&'(0'&<.+1/=/&'#$<0'$#$Y&(X#$\0&'(&'( +U0'/;&#%/($2$'$#*+&<&'(.10#.*#X*/#&+&0#X1#<*(/1'(*')/%\0&+&%.+0%d&0'&%$(0)/&'(.10#1=(&'/# 0'.#&</&#)/.+m<&0'/;&#%/(*/#&*;*'()&#$&++&<&'(&'(#&#%0#+&<*#,J$)0(#*;*/+`4&((&)/,J1(1</& %&#&(#10;&*0%%/)*'%+&%)$.&'%&%)&%0=%/%(*',&)&%$(0)/*'(%^(&<.%.*#(/&+K+&%$(0)/*'(%.+0%n2$%,1'%*,#&'(%10;&'(.+0%)&#&%%10#,&%^%&+12&#&(^%&'10##/#` S'%10%(#*]*'()0X/'*',&<&'((1(*+*''0&+)&,J*\0&$(0)/*'(%&%)$.&'%&%*''0&++&%)&%0=%/%(*',&Y %+* 4(').* [Y*Z* 3,.* "&+#'%)&.* V* &,4;.* ;%$&',3* ()&* +)* 4%)R+,* V* B%B),$* #,* b* \\\*`* %))+,33,4,)&` G+* &(&%36*;$U.*#,*XX*Z* #,.* "&+#'%)&.* V* &,4;.* ;%$&',3* ()&* +)* 4%)R+,* V* B%B),$6 &(,&Y %*'%,1<.(&# +&% )$.&'%&%)&(#*'%.1#(&(+&%)$.&'%&%*0(#&%`4&,/#&X+3(&+*%/(0*(/1')U&')&((&<&'()*'%+*\0&++&%& #&(#10;&'( +&% $(0)/*'(% ^ (&<.%.*#(/&+`?,&( $2*#)Y.+0% )& +* <1/(/$ )&% $(0)/*'(% ^ (&<.%.*#(/&+ DANY>iF1'(0'&%10#,&)U&')&((&<&'(D,*#(&)&,#$)/(Y<*#2&)&,#$)/(10.#e(=*',*/#&Y&(,`FY*+1#% \0& >Ai )U&'(#& &0W %U*((&')&'( ^ #&%%1#(/# *;&, 0'& )&((& *,,0<0+$& )&.#3% )& -P888l` H(&().* %+..'* R+,* 3,* ;$')1';%3* 4(&'Q* #S%0%)#()* #,.* "&+#,.* 1:,W* 3,.* "&+#'%)&.* ').1$'&.* V* &,4;.* ;%$&',3*,.&* 3,* 4(&'Q*Q')%)1',$Y&(,&Y)*'%0'&.#1.1#(/1'.+0%2#*')&\0&+&0#%,1++320&%^(&<.%.+&/'M** 9&%$(0)/*'(%.*#&'(%^(&<.%.*#(/&+1'(Y+*.+0.*#()0(&<.%Y0'X/'*',&<&'((1(*+%0.$#/&0#*0W*0(#&%,*($21#/&%)U$(0)/*'(%D.#3%)&-8888l)&.+0%F`c+%1'($2*+&<&'()&%)$.&'%&%)&(10(&%%1#(&%.+0% $+&;$&%\0&+&%*0(#&%,*($21#/&%)U$(0)/*'(%Y&'#*/%1')&+&0#,J*#2&X*</+/*+&`"+0%)&OLi)U&'(#&&0W (#10;&'(+*,1',/+/*(/1'$(0)&%7X*</++&)/XX/,/+&Y&(,&Y%*'%,1<.(&#+&(#*;*/+)*'%+&0#,*+,0+` 4&#(*/'&%,J1%&%%1'(,+*/#&%K3S%;;+'*;+03'1*%+O*"&+#'%)&.*,.&*#"Q%'33%)&6*3%*$,3U-,*#,*#,4%')*.S,)#,&&,*,&* 3,.* Q%4'33,.* ),* ;,+-,)&* ;%.* 1()&$'0+,$* #%).* 0',)* #,.* 1%.M* S' %& =*%*'( %0# +&% X*/(% &( %0# +&%,1')/(/1'% )& ;/& #$&++&% )&% $(0)/*'(% \0$=$,1/% )&.#&</&#,],+&Y 1' '&.&0( \0&,1'%(*(&# +&%,1')/(/1'% )/XX/,/+&% )*'% +&%\0&++&% +&% $(0)/*'(% %1'(.+*,$%` 4U&%(.10#\01/ +* RSTE #&,1<<*')& +* xiv

17 </%& &'.+*,& )& <&%0#&%.#*2<*(/\0&%.10# &',10#*2&# +U*,,3% *0W $(0)&% &( +/</(&# +U&')&((&<&'( $(0)/*'(K I,1(44%)#%&'()*X*h* Que le gouvernement du Québec reconnaisse la situation financière précaire des étudiants en adoptant une loi sur l'accessibilité aux études. Que dans cette loi, le gouvernement du Québec s'engage à faire de l'accessibilité aux études une priorité en limitant les barrières générationnelles, géographiques, internationales et financières à l'entrée et à la poursuite aux études postsecondaires et que pour arriver à cette fin, que le gouvernement du Québec : o o o se dote d'objectifs concrets, déterminés en collaboration avec les acteurs du milieu et l'ensemble de la population québécoise, afin d'améliorer l'accessibilité aux études universitaires; revienne à une politique de gel des frais de scolarité universitaires au-delà de 2012; améliore le programme d'aide financière aux études, notamment en ajustant les dépenses admises et la contribution parentale. xv

18

19 Table des matières "#$%&'()(*(+,--&+$(./$0&1&2&3%45"( (7& C%& 7878& 9542*$+(5.'5.3,&&+,%:$.+(**5..$;& <& 78=8& 78B8& C5?4(*$+(5.3&'35..,&' D& 78E8& -,+$%"(8(*(/$51%,'$(%'#+%$(9($".-(-2"%'( ():& (%& =878& G;& H& =8=8& I(+2$+(5.3#:$)(+$+( J& =8B8& K&L&.24$0&.+$* D& =8E8& M(L&$23&'%5*$0(+,3&'4$0&.+' =N& =8<8& FO4&3&405;0$??& =7& =8P8& Q+$+%(L(* =7& =8H8& 90,'&.%&3#&.-$.+'1%:$0;& ==& =8J8& K&%520'$2405;0$??&3#R(3&-(.$.%(/0&$2S,+23&'TRUVW =B& =8D8& C5.%*2'( =E& M%& B878& U(.$.%&?&.++5+$* =<& B8=8& C5.+0()2+(5.4$0&.+$*& =<& B8B8& C5.+0()2+(5.-$?(*($*&$2+0&T4&.'(5.'$*(?&.+$(0&'&+%5.+0()2+(5.32%5.65(.+W =J& B8E8& 90A+'&+)520'&'32405;0$??&3#R(3&-(.$.%(/0&$2S,+23&' =D& B8<8& X520'&'40(L,&'&+(.'+(+2+(5..&**&' BB& B8P8& F0$L$(*0,?2.,0, BP& B8H8& K,4$0+(+(5.+5+$*&3&''520%&'3&-(.$.%&?&.+$..2&* E7& B8J8& C5.3(+(5.3&',+23($.+'4$0&.+' EE& B8D8& C5.%*2'( EE& *%& A9J$=H$H&A$&HBNH<H>"=$&%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%&*L& E878& U$%+20&,+23($.+& EH& E8=8& Y$+,0(&*'%5*$(0& EJ& E8B8& "5;&?& <N& E8E8& M5200(+20& <B& E8<8& ZA+&?&.+' <<& E8P8& F5+$*3&'3,4&.'&'3&'2)'('+$.%& <P& E8H8& C5.%*2'( <J& I%& N<F"=&#<="=<$?&%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%&IO& <878& <8=8& <8B8& <8E8& V.3&++&?& P<& <8<8& Y5+(-'3#$)$.35.[3#(.+&0024+(5.523&0$**5.;&?&.+3&',+23&' PH& <8P8& C5.%*2'( PJ& -,+$%"(7(*(2"(/$51%,'$(%'#+%$(9($".-(-,+$%"2( (;<& P%& P878& G;& H7& xvii

20 P8=8& I(+2$+(5.3#:$)(+$+( H=& P8B8& V.-$.+T'W1%:$0;& HB& P8E8& K&L&.24$0&.+$* HB& P8<8& FO4&3&405;0$??& HE& P8P8& Q+$+%(L(* H<& P8H8& K&%520'$2405;0$??&3#R(3&-(.$.%(/0&$2S,+23&'TRUVW H<& P8J8& M(L&$23&'%5*$0(+,3&'4$0&.+' HP& P8D8& C5.%*2'( HP& L%& H878& U(.$.%&?&.++5+$* HH& H8=8& C5.+0()2+(5.4$0&.+$*& HJ& H8B8& C5.+0()2+(5.-$?(*($*&$2+0&T4&.'(5.'$*(?&.+$(0&'&+%5.+0()2+(5.32%5.65(.+W JN& H8E8& 90A+'&+)520'&'3&*#$(3&-(.$.%(/0&$2S,+23&' J=& H8<8& X520'&'40(L,&'&+(.'+(+2+(5..&**&' JP& H8P8& F0$L$(*0,?2.,0, JJ& H8H8& K,4$0+(+(5.+5+$*&3&''520%&'3&-(.$.%&?&.+$..2&* D7& H8J8& C5.3(+(5.'3&',+23($.+'4$0&.+' DE& H8D8& C5.%*2'( D<& Q%& A9J$=H$H&A$&HBNH<H>"=$&%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%&OL& J878& U$%+20&,+23($.+& DH& J8=8& Y$+,0(&*'%5*$(0& DJ& J8B8& "5;&?& DD& J8E8& M5200(+20& N=& J8<8& ZA+&?&.+' N<& J8P8& F5+$*3&'-0$('3&'2)'('+$.%& NP& J8H8& C5.%*2'( ND& O%& N<F"=&#<="=<$?&%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%&CCC& D878& D8=8& D8B8& D8E8& V.3&++&?&.+&.%520'3#,+23&' P& D8<8& Y5+(-'3#(.+&0024+(5.[3#$)$ &0$**5.;&?&.+3&',+23&' H& D8P8& C5.%*2'( J& -,+$%"(=(*(#&'#25%&'( ()8)& C)%& 9$0+(&\]905-(*3&*#,+23($ =D& 9$0+(&\\]I520%&'3&0&L& BN& 9$0+(&\\\]"&'3,4&.'&' BD& 9$0+(&\Z]"$?5)(*(+,,+23($.+& EN& xviii

21 Index des tableaux ())P&'X+&%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%&CC& H>"><H><KB$H&AB&D$FH&())P&'X+&%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%&C(& J"?$=>H&'X+&%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%&(C& &%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%&(C& 'X+&%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%&((& 9>BA$H&'X+&%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%&(M& J?$D<$?&WF$&[&>$DJH&JF$<=&'_+&%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%&(L& J?$D<$?&WF$&[&>$DJH&JF$<=&'X+&%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%&(L& 9>BA$H&'X+&%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%&M)& J?$D<$?&WF$&<=H?<>H&[&>$DJH&JF$<=&'_+&%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%&M)& A$H&9>BA<"=>H&[&>$DJH&JF$<=&%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%&MC& #<="=<^?$&"BR&9>BA$H&'X+&%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%&M(& "B&J?$D<$?&WF$&'_+&%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%&M(& A$H&9>BA<"=>H&A$&J?$D<$?&WF$&[&>$DJH&JF$<=&'X+&%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%&MM& "B&J?$D<$?&WF$&[&>$DJH&JF$<=&%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%&MP& xix