Diseño para manufactura y ensamblaje: Ingeniería concurrente

Transcription

1 Diseño para manufactura y ensamblaje: Ingeniería concurrente Pr. Lionel ROUCOULES lionel.roucoules@ensam.fr Access to IDEFØ 1

2 Who I am: brief curriculum Professor at the Arts & Métiers Paris Institute of Technology (France) Research at LSIS-IMS laboratory Associate Professor at the University of Technology of Troyes (France) - Sept Sept Head of the ICD-LASMIS research team (jan sept. 2008) Head of Mechanical Systems Master course (jan jan. 2008) Teaching in the Department of Mechanical Systems Engineering Research at LASMIS (Laboratory of Mechanical Systems and Concurrent Engineering) Post Doc position at TU Twente (The Netherlands) - October 1999 August 2000 PhD thesis National Polytechnic Institute of Grenoble 1999 Title: Methods and software for the contribution to the development of a computersupported integrated design environment. MSc in mechanics - National Polytechnic Institute of Grenoble

3 What I am investigating for Research topics: Integrated design, Computer-Aided Design and collaborative software environment DFX by least commitment approach (multi-physical modelling, DFM modelling) Industrialisation methods and tools MEMS design and manufacturing 3

4 ENSAM : Paris Institute of Technology An engineering school ( Grande Ecole ) 8 campus (BSc, MSc and Research) Paris Chalon en Champagne Metz Bordeaux Cluny Lille Aix en Provence (my campus) Angers Lille Paris Ch. en Ch. Angers Cluny Metz 3 Institutes (MSc course) Bastia Chalon sur Sôane Chambery Bordeaux Aix en Pce 4

5 Who are you? What are your expectations in attending this course? Who knows about? Concurrent and integrated engineering design Design for X Virtual prototyping CAD, CAM, CAx and PLM 5

6 Objective of the course To provide methods related to engineering design in order to be able to improve design process and product s performances Remark: the concepts are illustrated on examples treated in a specific context. They nevertheless can be adapted to many more situations Students should be able to: Understand the main approaches concerning system engineering Point out the limits of current industrial context and CAD system Understand new methods proposed in the past 20 years Implement and adapt those approaches in specific industrial contexts 6

7 Outline Introducción al contexto de diseño Ciclo de vida del producto, procesos de diseño (fases, jalones) Ingeniería sistema Evolución del entorno industrial (colaboraciones) Métodos de diseño (conceptos) Método sistemática Método axiomática Método de diseño concurrente y integrado Introducción al Diseño para X Modelos y software actuales por el diseño Modelos de empresas Modelos de procesos Modelos de producto (funciones, estructura, geometría, comportamiento) y simulaciones para validar el diseño y la industrialización 7

8 Outline Síntesis y límites Los modelos y herramientas vs los métodos (diseño centrado en el modelo de CAD en lugar de estar centrado en los conocimientos La cadena numérica de las informaciones La gestión de los datos técnicos y el problema de interoperabilidad Introducción a los conceptos de integración en el proceso de diseño Integración PPO y PPR Integración de conocimientos (DFM, DFA, ACV ) Integración multi-fisica Métodos DFX Nuevos conceptos (least commitment, identificación y integración productoprocessos) 8

9 Introduction to current practices in «virtual» engineering Issues of design and innovation of complex system 10

10 Design project and product LifeCycle Product birth Which product (price, public, date)? Design Which functions? Which technologies? Use (components, materials) Manufacturing process and system Recycling Maintenance Marketing Sales Development Industrialisation Production Usage phase Maintaining technology Product dismantling Disassembly technologies Recycling technologies Industrial departments Marketing Design service Manufacturing service Purchase service Maintenance Service 11

11 Design project and milestones Project driving Task management (cf. product lifecycle) Ressources management (Human, material, information) Milestones for: Decision making Reduce feed-backs (Cf. integrated design) Objectives driven project (Cours JPN) Lancement d un nouveau projet ex-nihilo Début avant projet Début du développement Prototypage Industrialisation Production Vente Fin de projet (Ou du produit) J0 J1 J2 J3 J4 J5 J6 Etude marketing R&D Développement Conception détaillée Industrialisation Maintenance Modification 12

12 Examples 13

13 Industrial development at Loréal Marketing International Formule & Timing Le brief marketing Maquettes/Définition de la Gamme PVIS Cible Quantités estimatives Développement Industriel Industrialisation 14

14 Development process: main phases IDEE AVANT- PROJET PROJET Sélectionner les idées Préparer le projet Développer le produit Produire Développement formule Définir le concept et élaborer le brief Proposer et présélectionner des couples formule/ packaging Affiner la définition du produit & Valider la faisabilité technique du produit Analyser les risques AC primaires et secondaires Communication, média, hors média, RP, événementiel Merchandising et PLV / Echantillonage Préparer la commercialisation pays Fabrication et conditionnement Préparation des pays, prévisions et commandes Validation CDCE Validation CDCD Présentation marché MAD Centrale 15

15 Development process: planing Phase idée Phase avant projet (cas d un développement d outillage) Phase projet Concept Formule Études marché exploratoires Choix concept évaluation Formulation Tests marketing et tests labos puis officialisation Approv. MP Fabrication jus Dévelopt Packaging ou Packaging existant Sélection packaging Définition packaging Conception technique AC +Pré spécifications Développement Moule (essai + industriel) + Mise au point + homologations Définition Pack Mise au point + homologations Fabrication AC conditionnement Nom Recherche de noms Choix du nom Publicité.& Communi - cation Sélection choix intentions publicitaires Création visuel Élaboration des éléments de communication & publicité PLV2 Création PLV Conception PLV Appel d offre Fabrication PLV Validation économique Construction Équation Économique cible Construction Équation Économique estimative Construction Équation Économique de lct. Commercialisation Construction potentiel projet Envoi book PV + PLV1 Engagement marché Validation CDCE Validation CDCD Envoi book PLV2 Présentation marché Engagement marché MAD Centrale 16

16 Industrial development actors Jus Flacon Capot Production Décor Ordre des étapes du développement Durée et séquence relatives des tâches PLANNING 17

17 Industrial development actors Fournisseurs Marketing RAD DGT DGA DEVELOPPEMENT TECHNIQUE D.A.F Packaging LAF Usine : Logistique Packaging Qualité Achats Labo Compatibilité Pilote Direction Technique DPL 18

18 Industrial development at Bourjois [Per 05] 19

19 Development process: planing 20

20 Plane development plan Market Opportunities Identified M1 A/C Concept Selected M3 Instruction to Proceed (ITP) M5 Go ahead M7 Begin of Final Assembly M9 First Flight M11 Ready for Entry into Service M13 Observe Business Analyze Market Situation Analyze Market Needs Identify Most Optimize Concept Promizing On A/C A/C Level Concept Consolidate A/C Configu- ration Baseline Cation & Commercial Proposals Assure Industrial Launch Condition Finalize A/C Specifi- Initiate Manufacture of Parts of Parts, Assemble & Test Sections Conduct Final Assembly Process Perform Ground Test & Prepare 1st Flight Manufacture Achieve Type Certification & Validate Standard Spec. Achieve Complete Operation Basic Readi- Development ness M0 Product Idea Established M2 Standards and Requirements Available M4 A/C Configuration Baselined M6 Authorization to Offer (ATO) M8 First Metal Cut M10 Power On M12 Type Validation M14 Feasibility Phase Concept Phase Definition Phase Development Phase 22

21 Reactor development plan 23

22 Reactor development plan and «vritual» engineering 24

23 Development plan at Johnson Controls Aéronautique, automobile, téléphonie, multimédia, etc. 25

24 Development plan at Johnson Controls 1 Proposal 2 Product Feasibility 3 Design & Tooling 4 Production Validation 5 Launch Production Program Product & Product Pull Ahead Production Final Representative Production Customer Start of Program Award Theme Definition Feasibility Tool Release Product Release Part Approval Production Milestones PLUS Reviews CE&M Review Phase Sourcing Product & Theme CE&M Phase Tooling CE&M Phase CE&M DV CE&M Phase Phase Exit Requirements Definition Reviews & PSDR Exit Requirements Review Exit Planned Completion Review Exit Exit Review (Internal/Customer) PV Planned Completion PREPARATION Targeted Business Plan Program Business Plan SOW (Quote) CAR & TA Submission ELABORATION CAR & TA Approval SOW (Revised) SOW (Revised) REALIZATION MANUFACTURING MAINT- ENANCE Define the Overall scope of the Project Revision: October 2005 QBOM Define preliminary Architecture Plan Next Phases SDP SQAP Plan Review SSOWs Written Award Letter SSOWs Signed DV Tool Orders Development ebom Refine the definition of the product, Parts Matrix Define and baseline an 2D Theme Rendering Set 3D Theme Surface Models 3D Class A Surface ARCHITECTURE, CAD Models / Layouts and Develop a more precise Product Specifications FEA / Engineering Analysis DFMEA (Actions & Dates Identified) plan for its development and deployment. PFMEA (Actions & Dates Identified) Design Review Process Flow Diagram / DFM&A Quality Objectives & Roadmap / Supplier AQP Report SW Development SRS Plan SAD SIP SVP Product Launch System CAD Models (Class A Surface Incorporated) EDP&R Build & Testing DFMEA (Actions Implemented) PFMEA (Actions Implemented) CAD Detail Drawings DV Control Plan / MSA Tool, Gage & Fixture Design Account Financial Management Order DV Parts Pull Ahead Production/Prototype Assy Critical Tooling, Gages & Fixtures DVP&R DV Manufacturing Plant Layout / Equipment Design Equipment Construction SW Quality Assurance Plan SW Architecture Design Key: Product is built, up to the point where it can be put in the hands of its endusers Qualification DV Build Review Inspection Program Management Purchasing PV Tool Orders DV Customer Shipments Complete DVP&R Testing Industrial Design Order PV Parts Product is transitioned to manufacturing, and delivering, Production Control Plan Complete Production Tooling SW Requirements Specification SIR SW Integration Version Sheet Report Complete Manufacturing SVR SW Post Validation Mortem Analysis Equipment Report Plant Launch Glide Path SW Integration PlanMRS SW Validation Plan SEM Manufacturing PV Build Customer Inspection Review Shipments Supplier Part Approval Assy PVP&R Testing Engineering Quality Manufacturing Suppliers Customer Part Approval Customer Shipments SVS SVS PMA Manufacturing Requirements Specification SW Eeprom Mapping Product is modified on customer requests 26

25 System engineering examples 28

26 V development cycle and system engineering AFIS : System engineering concerns a se of acitivities and actors that are processed for product or system development. Spécifications Techniques de besoin Spécifications Techniques de Générales Spécifications Techniques de Détaillées Spécifications Techniques de réalisation Besoins Clients Réponses solutions physiques Définition Organes Définition composants organes Plan de tests Plan de tests Plan de tests Concrétisation des organes Test définition organes Test validation composants Validation besoins Validation physique Dossiers de validation Dossiers de validation Dossiers de validation Dossiers de validation 29

27 Analysis models and V development cycle L Analyse Fonctionnelle Quality Functional Deployment Simulations de comportements Calcul Cotation Fonctionnelle Simulation de Procédés Spécifications Techniques de besoin Spécifications Techniques de Générales Spécifications Techniques de Détaillées Spécifications Techniques de réalisation Besoins Clients Réponses solutions physiques Gammes de Fabrication d Assemblage Définition Organes Définition composants organes Plan de tests Plan de tests Plan de tests Concrétisation des organes Simulation de production Test définition organes Test validation composants Validation besoins Validation physique Dossiers de validation Dossiers de validation Dossiers de validation Dossiers de validation Simulation des flux et stocks L Analyse Modes de Défaillances de leurs Effets et leur Criticité Essais Physiques Plans d Expériences Taguchi Six Sigma Simulation des contrôles commandes machines 30

28 V development cycle and plane breakdown (3 levels) 31

29 Support Industrialization Aircraft V development cycle and virtual engineering software M3 M5 M7 M13 Feasibility Concept Definition Development Series Systems Architecture Master Geometry Design Principles Space Allocation Stress Design Reference Base Frontier Models Tooling Master Geometry Tooling Principles Definition Model Definition Dossier Tooling Space Allocation Manufacturing Plan Tooling Frontier Models Support Specification Numerical Command Support Objectives Supportability Analysis Assembly Instructions Supportability Discrepancies 32

30 V development cycle for reactors Expression du besoin Nouveau projet avionneur Maintenance Spécification du propulseur Test en vol (Autonomie, Consommation, Intégration à l avion ) Conception générale (Positionnement des modules, Concepts de montage/configurations, Allocations d espace de conception 3D ) Test au sol Bancs d essais Conception détaillée Intégration des modules Intégration des éléments Simulations mécaniques, maintenance «Design» Industrialisation Machines d essais, série 33

31 CAD-FEA simulation feedbacks Boucle simulation Design Validation générale de la conception/ Contexte maquette numérique Définition générale du produit Référentiel/Spécificati on de simulation Analyse/Validation des résultats Conception détaillée Analyse contextuelle Maillage des éléments «Conception»pour la simulation Validation du modèle/simulation Objet Virtuel Modèle élément finis intégré 34

32 Travail en itération (dans chaque phase) et incrémentation (d une phase à l autre) 1 ou plusieurs cycles en V sont appliqués dans chaque phase Chaque phase/cycle génère un prototype Specification Validation ITERATION MILESTONE PREPARATION ELABORATION REALIZATION MANUFACTURING Pre. Design Det. Design Unit. Tests Integration Define the Overall scope of the Project Define preliminary Architecture Plan Next Phases PR Refine the definition of the product, Define and baseline an ARCHITECTURE, and Develop a more precise plan for its development and deployment. SR Product is built, up to the point where it can be put in the hands of its end-users Product is transitioned to manufacturing, and delivering, Phase Exit: Assess if Defined Objectives have been met, Deliverables completed, Models updated. DR M R + Maintenance Phase Code 35

33 Cycle en V d un logiciel embarqué phase réalisation et outils/acteurs StateMate Requirements Rapid / VAPS Requirements Specification SA/RT Select Yourdon Specification Customer Interactive Q/A Standard 3 Layers Architecture Software Architecture Architecture Design Design Visio UML Artisan / Rose MS-Project Project Folder SCEPTRE Project Leader Software Auditor PVCS PVCS Promotion Promotion Validation Validation Test Test Integration Integration Test Test Delivery Form E-CAR R-CAR SVL E-CAR Graph Coverage Graph Debug GraphDesigner J.I.L. Une équipe dédiée à un seul projet Software Lead Engineer Detailed Detailed Design Design Software Product Integrator Software Coordinator Sw Requirements Coding Coding Engineer Visual C & Cross compiler Software Validation QAC Misra Compliance Module Expert Programming Rules Team Leader Unitary Unitary Test Test Sw Validation Team Leader TestU Environment C-Cover Cover Coverage Component CheckList Software Implementers Validators 36

34 Product LifeCycle and product design process 37

35 Design phases Marketing Functional analysis (requirements specification) Main functions Constrain functions Conceptual and embodiement design Technologies selection Technologies assesment Recycling Maintenance Development Industrialisation Production Sales Detail design Details of the solution and prototyping. Requirements specification Conceptual design Embodiment design Detailed design [Pahl & Beitz] (Example VTT) 38

36 Key issue: design process modelling and rationale Industrial context Costs Quality, norm Customer requirements Design process Product models for VP development Physical and digital mock-up Human Ressources Material ressources Ress. Software What have been the main design methods? Which product models? How to improve software? 39

37 Design methods «Concepts, ideas, philosophies to change design reasoning and organisation toward product innovation» 40

38 Industrial organisation evolution for design process Information transfer and prescription Over the wall approach What have been the main design methods? Which product models? How to improve software? Information exchange and collaboration (1990 th ) Concurrent engineering Integrated design 41

39 Several methodological approaches for design process Industrial performance driving (Doumeingt, Girard ) Systematic design (Pahl & Beitz, Roth, ) Concurrent and integrated design (Sohlenius, Andreasen, Tichkiewitch,...) Axiomatic design (Suh, Yoshikawa, ) Innovaiton management (Altshuller ) (Details of the approaches) DFX (Boothroyd, O'Grady, Huang, ) Co-design (Garro, Hatchuel, Prasad, ) 42

40 Practical work 1: collaborative design (2h00) - Several product assessment - Decision making process 43

41 Synthesis of the PW n 1 Understand the design problem and master the expertise Be able to quickly assess the solutions in order to be proactive (vs. reactive) Make some hypothesis to master the solution Know how to behave in a collaborative context Be integrated in the design group (social) Understand who is who (organisation) Expert-Expert relations (informatin chaining) Relation with the project leader (decision) Know how to lead the project What are the objectives Information modelling (design process) Decision making project (convergence and not prescription) 44

42 Information modelling «To set formal data structure and relationships that trace and model specific phenomenon» 45

43 3 levels of information modelling for design rationale Product modelling (what?) Functional representation Product breakdown Design process modelling (Who, When, how?) Tasks representation Industrial organisation modelling Performances driving. What have been the main design methods? Which product models? How to improve software? Industrial context Cost Norm Customer requirements Design process Product models Product assesments Human resources Software Material resources 46

44 What have been the main design methods? Which product models? How to improve software? and software for digital design chain «Computer support for information modelling and behaviours simulations» 47

45 Enterprise modelling for performances driving Expertise GRAI-R&D GRAI-R&D Liaison IPPOP Créer Niveau Détruire Niveau Créer Fonction Détruire Fonction Sauver Structure GRAI R&D Nouvelle Structure GRAI R&D Plan Objet Plan Action Infos Internes Gérer la Connais. Produit Processus Organiser la capitalisation Concevoir Définir les activités de conception Gérer les Besoins Définir les besoins des utilisateurs Infos Externes Niveau Stratégique H : x ans P : y mois Infos Externes Gérer les Infos Projets Gérer les flux d information et déployer les procédures Planifier Planifier les projets Gérer les Ressources Définir les RH et la stratégie / technologies Infos Internes Superviser les activités de capitalisation Définir les activités élémentaires Vérifier l adéquation spécifications -solutions Niveau Tactique H : x mois P : y semaines Synthétiser l avancement des projets Planifier les activités et organiser les projets Affecter les RH et ajuster les investissements Capitaliser l information technique Suivre l exécution des activités individuelles Planifier les relations avec le client Niveau Opérationnel H : x semaines P : y jours Planifier les activités individuelles Créer Centre de Décision Détruire Centre de Décision Créer Cadre de Décision Détruire Cadre de Décision Créer Lien Informationnel Détruire Lien Informationnel 48

46 Design process modelling: IDEFØ or SADT actigram Control Input Output Mechanisms Manufacture A-0 Supply stocks 1 2 Milling 3 Assembly 4 Milling Part clamping Operation 2 A0 Operation 1 A2 49

47 Product modelling Requirements specification Function Forets C5 Fp1 Système multibroch es Perceuse Fp2 C4 Pièce C3 Milieu extérieur Opérateur Conceptual design Technology 15 1 Palier avant PA Chambre tournante X 2 CrNi (Z 2 CN 18-10) 13 2 Rondelle de réglage 12 1 Chapeau X 2 CrNi (Z 2 CN 18-10) 11 2 Butée à billes 10 1 Bec de dosage X 2 CrNi (Z 2 CN 18-10) 9 3 Joint torique 91,4 x 5,3 Silicone 8 2 Joint torique 69,2 x 5,3 Silicone 7 1 Piston Téflon 6 1 Bride Ertalon 5 7 Ecrou moleté M10 Norelem 4 1 Pignon récepteur ( Z=35, m=6 ) Ertalon 3 1 Manivelle X 8 Cr 17 (Z 8 C 17) 2 1 Pignon moteur ( Z=35, m=6 ) C 35 (XC 35) Nickelé 1 1 Bâti Rep. Nbre Désignation Matière Obs. POMPE DOSEUSE Nomenclature partielle Embodiment design Form features Detail design Behaviours 50

48 Product modelling «functions»: «La bête a corne» Who will use the product? Manufacturers On what the product is actuating? Parts System What is the customer need? To increase the production rate 51

49 Product modelling «functions»: Interactions Graph* Drill Tools Driller Fp2 C5 System C6 Part Fp1 C3 environment C4 Operator Configuration : drilling Fp1 : To drill 3 holes in a raw Fp2 : To transmit the power C3 : To resist to environment C4 : To protect the operator C5 : To clamp the cutting tools C6 : To clamp the driller * APTE (APplication aux Techniques d' Entreprise) or «Pieuvre» 52

50 Product modelling «functions»: FAST* When? Which objective? Function When? BRAS UTILISATEUR How? * Functional Analysis System Technique F1 TRANSMETTRE MVT DE ROTATION BRAS/BATI PERMETTRE F2 UTIL. D EXTRAIRE SYSTEME/MILIEU ASSURER F21 LIAISONS DEMONTABLES F22 RESPECTER L ENVIRONMENT ASSURER LAF11 LIAISON COMPLETE AVEC LE BRAS F12 ASSURER LA LIAISON COMPLETE AVEC LE BATI GUIDER EN F13 ROTATION LE BRAS/BATI UTILISER F14 ENERGIE HYDRAULIQUE EVACUER HUILE F221 ISOLER F222 ALIMENTATION HYDRAULIQUE BRAS BATI ALIMENTATION HYDRAULIQUE BRAS BATI HUILE BRAS BATI HUILE ALIMENTATION HYDRAULIQUE 53

51 Product modelling «functions»: functionnal breakdown Function 1 Function 11 Function 12 Function 13 Function 111 Function 112 Function 121 Function

52 Software for functional modelling and technology selection Functional modelling APTE Avt et APTE Fonc BDF CdCF et CdCF 2 TAF Innovation and technology selection Invention WorkBench ( QFD Capture QFD Designer TechOptimizer ( TRIZZ Explorer ( 55

53 Product modelling «breakdown» : Structural tree Product S/s-ens. A S/s-ens. B S/s-ens. C Module A1 Module A2 Part A1A Part A1B 56

54 Product modelling «breakdown»: BOM (Bill Of Material) 15 1 Palier avant PA Chambre tournante X 2 CrNi (Z 2 CN 18-10) 13 2 Rondelle de réglage 12 1 Chapeau X 2 CrNi (Z 2 CN 18-10) 11 2 Butée à billes 10 1 Bec de dosage X 2 CrNi (Z 2 CN 18-10) 9 3 Joint torique 91,4 x 5,3 Silicone 8 2 Joint torique 69,2 x 5,3 Silicone 7 1 Piston Téflon 6 1 Bride Ertalon 5 7 Ecrou moleté M10 Norelem 4 1 Pignon récepteur ( Z=35, m=6 ) Ertalon 3 1 Manivelle X 8 Cr 17 (Z 8 C 17) 2 1 Pignon moteur ( Z=35, m=6 ) C 35 (XC 35) Nickelé 1 1 Bâti Rep. Nbre Désignation Matière Obs. POMPE DOSEUSE Nomenclature partielle 57

55 Product modelling : functional Blocdiagramme E1 E2 Componant 1 Componant 2 FP1 Componant 2 E3 58

56 F 1 F 11 F 12 F 13 F 111 F 121 Product modelling : function-structure Matrix System S/s-ens. A S/s-ens. B M B1 M B2 P B1A P B1B Surface 1 Surface 2 Surface 3 59

57 Product modelling : «Form modelling» : CAD B-Rep Modelling (Boundary Representation) Point/Ligne/Surface/Volume Représentation B-Rep de la géométrie CSG Modelling (Constructive Solide Geometry) Boolean operations based on primitives Fusion CSG tree of a part Cylindre 1 Cylindre 2 Remark: Usually, both models are coupled (cf. OCC). 60

58 Product modelling: «Behaviours assesment» FEA analysis model Limit conditions. Loading. Material behaviour. Kinematics model Kinematic data. Dynamic data (masse). Motion laws (input). Manufacturing model Manufacturing plan Cutting tool and trajectory. Material and cutting parameters NC machine and post-processor «X» models (processes simulation) 61

59 Some examples Software for behaviours assessment 62

60 Specific tools for behaviour simulation vs product creation «Software tools for behaviour assesment of product, design process and industrial performances» Global model Global and fast assesment Machining: CAM. Kinematic: ProMECHANICA/Motion. Structural analysis: RDM 3D.... Local model Local assesment at specific points of the part or the system Forging process simulation: Forge 2 et 3. Structural analysis: Catia, Ansys, Abaqus

61 Software for behaviours assesment EIME (CODDE) «To propose indicators for sustainable impact assesment» 64

62 Software for behaviours assesment Assemblay/Disassembly [Rejneri 00] «Assesment of the assembly plan of the system. Assess the best solutions among alternatives» 65

63 Software for behaviours assesment Exemples Structural analysis [Troussier 99] «To propose the best method, model and tool with respect to the case study. This application is based on a Case Based Reasoning approach» 66

64 Software for behaviours assesment Forge «To propose models and tools for global evaluation of bill forging availability (forging plan, pre-form design, cost estimation).» [Tichkiewitch, Marin, Berlioz INPG/L3S] 67

65 Software for behaviours assesment Forging simulation «To develop specific sub-routine in comercial FEA solver (eg. Damage criteria) [Saanouni UTT/LASMIS] 68

66 Software for behaviours assesment Machining assesment «To support CAPP definition based on process plan selection and specific criteria (loading, stabiltity )» [Paris UJF/L3S] 69

67 Software for behaviours assesment Residual stresses analysis and life time assesment [Lu, Rouhaud UTT/LASMIS] «Identify the life time card at each point of the part according to residual stress assesment». 70

68 Design process phase Synthesis: Modelling and design process Information modelling REQUIREMENTS DEFINITION Mod. Fonct. Mod. CONCEPTUAL DESIGN Fonc. Struct. Mod. Struct. Mod. géom. EMBODIMENT DESIGN Mod. Int. K Remark : Comercial and academic approaches DETAILED DESIGN Mod. FAO EF... Remark : Model and software have to be adapted to each phase of the design process. 71

69 Overview of «virtual» engineering comercial software and main functionalities Limits of the digital design chain 72

70 Overview of commercial software and main functions: product information CAD-CAM: product breakdown (part or assembly) and construction history management 73

71 Overview of commercial software and main functions: product information CAD-CAM : relations and expert rules integration 74

72 Overview of commercial software and main functions: product information CAD-CAM : management of large assemblies with huge part diversity (heterogeneous software) 75

73 Overview of commercial software and main functions: product information CAD-CAM : integration of expert modules FEA, CAM, Ergonomic senses, etc. 76

74 Overview of commercial software and main functions: product information CAD-CAM : digital mockup, augmented reality, animation 77

75 Overview of commercial software and main functions: product information Independant expert software: FEA, kinematics and dynamic analysis, tolerancing, CAM, etc. 78

76 Overview of commercial software and main functions: design process information Project planning management: Ms/Project, PSN, Planner Tasks planning Milestones definition Ressources management 79

77 Overview of commercial software and main functions: product and design process information PLM system: product breakdown and list of articles (objects) Management of objects related documents 81

78 Overview of commercial software and main functions: product and design process information PLM Systems: documents management CAD, MS Office 82

79 Overview of commercial software and main functions: product and design process information PLM Systems: management of product configurations 83

80 Overview of commercial software and main functions: product and design process information PLM Systems: workflow for documents lifecycle management 84

81 Overview of commercial software and main functions: product and design process information PLM system: digital mock-up light visualisation 85

82 Overview of commercial software and main functions: organisation and design process information PLM System: task notfication with related documents via 86

83 Overview of commercial software and main functions: organisation and design process information PLM System: team resources management (access rights, roles ) 87

84 Overview of commercial software and main functions: collaboration CSCW software : Lotusnotes, Sametime, Exchange, Quickplace, Mayeticvillage , video-conferencing Document sharing Workflow Application sharing Collaborative portals Workflows management Communication tools Workflow BD «spéciale» Vidéo Conferencing Aide à la décision Bulletins Communication Web Editeurs coopératifs Gestion de réunions Collaborative spaces CSCW [Godart, 2000] Coordination Collaboration 88

85 Synthesis current limits 89

86 Synthesis: (models software) vs. methodological concepts Function modelling are not so far linked to structural parameters How to drive performance and re-design Structural breakdown gives the final state of the product What about who and when? CAD (i.e. form) modelling only treats nominal topology information and is used as the starting point of product assessment What about design rationale and product lifecycle? Behaviours assessments are not linked among each others and not always linked to the geometry What about integrated design (rationale) and innovation (least commitments)? 90

87 Synthesis: models vs. methodological concepts Design is a multi-actors activities centred on: CAD modelling PLM systems There is a huge lack of experts (actors) information synthesis: This information are mainly used in a reactive and analysis way CAD model is not representative of experts' design intents Every product analysis are not linked (model and software interoperability) 91