Comment parler de ce qui est en train de se passer? Comment parler d'habitudes, de goûts, de vérité générale?

Transcription

1 Comment parler de ce qui est en train de se passer? Comment parler d'habitudes, de goûts, de vérité générale? K This document is a picture, more exactly a drawing. It represents a block of flats. The scene takes place in a street. There are twelve characters. There is a man in the foreground, he is watching the other characters. On the third floor, through the first window from the left, a man is making his bed, He makes his bed every morning. Through the second window from the left, a child is riding a bike/cycling on the balcony. He does not often cycle on the balcony because it is dangerous. Through the last window from the left, a woman is having breakfast, she often eats eggs for breakfast but seldom drinks milk because she prefers tea.

2 On the second floor, through the first window from the left, a man and a woman are quarreling/are arguing. They argue twice a month because the man sometimes comes back late. Through the third window from the left, there is a phone on a desk. It is not ringing. It never rings because nobody lives in the flat. Through the fourth window from the left, a man is juggling with plates while he is cooking. He seldom juggles with plates for he often breaks them. On the first floor, through the second window from the left, a woman is feeding her baby while her husband is reading the newspaper. She feeds it six times a day while her husband never looks after it. Through the third window from the left, a woman is napping in front of her TV. She sleeps in front of her TV every afternoon. Through the last window, a man is singing while he is shaving. He hardly ever sings but usually whistles while he shaves. Pour parler de ce qui est en train de se passer, on utilise le présent be+ing. Son auxiliaire est be conjugué au présent, il apparaît à TOUTES LES FORMES. L'auxiliaire est suivi de la base verbale (= infinitif sans to) à laquelle on ajoute ing. Rappel I am You are He/she/It is We are You are They are FORME AFFIRMATIVE S + Aux be au présent + BVing + Ct Ex: She is feeding her baby.

3 They are arguing FORME NÉGATIVE S + Aux be au présent + NOT + BVing + Ct Ex: She is NOT feeding her baby. They are NOT arguing. A l'écrit, il vaut mieux utiliser les formes pleines (is not - are not). A l'oral, on peut utiliser les formes contractées (isn't - aren't) FORME INTERROGATIVE (WH-) + AUX BE conjugué au présent + S + BVing + Ct EX: Is she feeding her baby? Yes, she is. No, she isn't. Where are they arguing? They are arguing on the balcony. Le présent Be+ing peut aussi avoir une valeur de : Commentaire Ex: He washes his car every Sunday. (Simple énoncé d habitudes, de faits) Ex: He s washing his car every Sunday. Le locuteur (= celui qui parle) ajoute un commentaire, en général négatif. Ici, le locuteur pense que HE pourrait faire autre chose et donc ça l agace. Futur:

4 Lorsqu on parle d un futur assez proche, on peut utiliser BE+ing. Ex: Mr Mortelette : I m not coming this afternoon. Pour les verbes monosyllabiques se terminant par Consonne Voyelle Consonne, il faut doubler la consonne finale avant d'ajouter la terminaison ING afin de conserver la prononciation originale. EX: To hop he is hopping To chat he is chatting To drop he is dropping

5 Pour parler de vérité générale, d'habitudes ou de goûts, on utilise le présent simple. Son auxiliaire est DO, il n'apparaît qu'aux formes négative et interrogative. Il devient DOES à la 3ème personne du singulier. FORME AFFIRMATIVE S + BV + Ct HE / SHE / IT + BV s + Ct - es + Ct EX: She feeds her baby six times a day. They often argue. Pour les verbes se terminant par un /Y/ sonore (on l'entend tout seul), il faut remplacer le /Y/ par /IE/ avant d'ajouter le /S/ à la 3ème personne du singulier. FORME NÉGATIVE S + AUX DO + NOT + BV + Ct HE / SHE / IT + AUX DOES + NOT + BV + Ct EX: she does not feed her baby six times a day. They do not often argue.

6 A l'écrit, il vaut mieux utiliser les formes pleines (DO NOT DOES NOT). Mais à l'oral on peut utiliser les formes contractées (DON'T DOESN'T). FORME INTERROGATIVE (WH-) + AUX DO + S + BV + Ct? (WH-) + AUX DOES + HE / SHE / IT + BV + Ct? EX: Does she feed her baby six times a day? Yes, she does. No, she doesn't. Where do they argue? They often argue on the balcony. ATTENTION: Les adverbes de fréquence se placent toujours devant la Base Verbale. Les adverbes de fréquence sont: Always Often Frequently Regularly Usually Occasionnally Sometimes

7 Rarely Seldom Hardly ever Never Tableau récapitulatif des deux présents