If you understand the roles nouns (and their accompanying baggage) play in a sentence...

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2 If you understand the roles nouns (and their accompanying baggage) play in a sentence you can use pronouns with ease (words like lui, leur, le/la/les, eux and elles) understand complicated grammatical trickery such as past participle agreement and write complex sentences using relative pronouns (words like qui and que, lequel, auquel, duquel, dont). As a result, your French will be ACCURATE, ADVENTUROUS and ATTRACT HIGHER MARKS (A A A!).

3 In the previous slideshows, you learnt how to identify the NOUN GROUP or GROUPS in a sentence, and how to recognise prepositions. Then, we started looking at the ROLES noun groups play in a sentence starting with the SUBJECT. Now, we are moving on to the different kinds of OBJECTS (compléments) that a verb can have.

4 We have already seen that the NOUN GROUP SUBJECT performs the action of the verb. Here, I have highlighted the verbs in blue and the subjects in pink. La France a battu l Angleterre Le vieil homme parlait à son frère aîné. Sur la petite place se trouvait une jolie fontaine.

5 La France a battu l Angleterre. Le vieil homme parlait à son frère aîné. Sur la petite place se trouvait une jolie fontaine. Now, I have highlighted the remaining NOUN GROUPS in purple These are the OBJECTS (compléments) of their respective verbs. Here is the IMPORTANT BIT I haven t highlighted the PREPOSITIONS.

6 Some verbs do not need objects at all, only subjects. I am using the symbol to mark these verbs. La toute petite fille tremblait. Jean-Pierre travaille. These are called INTRANSITIVE VERBS.

7 Most verbs require objects. The verbs on this slide have NO preposition before their object. I have marked them with the + symbol: Cette vieille femme possédait + une petite maison délabrée. Marie a trouvé + son portefeuille. Le soldat connaissait + les dernières victimes.

8 Other verbs require a preposition BEFORE their object. I have marked them with the ++ symbol (putting the ++ round the prepositions): Ma voisine parle +à+ son fils. Le chat dormait +sous+ la chaise.

9 Underline the NOUN GROUP OBJECT in each sentence. If there is no preposition in front of the OBJECT, write +. If there IS a preposition, write ++. If there is no OBJECT, write. 1. Henri a mangé une grosse pomme rouge. 2. Ma mère réfléchit. 3. Sur la petite place se trouvait une jolie fontaine. 4. La France a battu l Angleterre. 5. Le policier blessé parlait à son collègue. 6. Mon copain s intéresse à la lecture. 7. La femme donne des poires mûres à son voisin.

10 1. Henri a mangé + une grosse pomme rouge. Here, the verb has a NOUN GROUP SUBJECT (Henri) And a NOUN GROUP OBJECT (une grosse pomme rouge) There is no preposition before the OBJECT +

11 2. Ma mère réfléchit. Here, the verb has a NOUN GROUP SUBJECT (ma mère) However, there is no NOUN GROUP OBJECT at all.

12 3. +Sur+ la petite place se trouvait une jolie fontaine. Here, the verb has a subject in an unusual position (une jolie fontaine) It has a NOUN GROUP OBJECT before it. The OBJECT has a preposition in front of it +sur+

13 4. La France a battu + l Angleterre. Here, the verb has a NOUN GROUP SUBJECT (La France) And a NOUN GROUP OBJECT (l Angleterre) There is no preposition before the OBJECT +

14 Le policier blessé parlait +à+ son collègue. Here, the verb has a NOUN GROUP SUBJECT (le policier) It has a NOUN GROUP OBJECT (son collègue) The OBJECT has a preposition in front of it +à+

15 Mon copain s intéresse +à+ la lecture. Here, the verb has a NOUN GROUP SUBJECT (mon copain) It has a NOUN GROUP OBJECT (la lecture) The OBJECT has a preposition in front of it +à+

16 1. La femme donne + des poires mûres +à+ son voisin. Here, the verb has a NOUN GROUP SUBJECT (La femme) It has TWO noun group OBJECTS One has no preposition (+ des poires mûres) One has the preposition +à+ (son voisin)

17 YES It s a DIRECT OBJECT (COD in French) Is it a (+)? (ie no preposition) NO, it is a (++) The preposition is à It is an INDIRECT OBJECT (COI in French) (ie it has a preposition in front of it) NB, this table simplifies things to a certain extent. You will find more detail in the Aim Higher section, if you feel ready for more. The preposition is NOT à It is the OBJECT OF A PREPOSITION (CC in French)

18 Bernard rencontrera + son ami. La France a battu + l Angleterre. Les rats mangent + les œufs. The NOUN GROUP OBJECT is a person or a thing There is no preposition in front of it In French, it is called a complément d objet DIRECT

19 The NOUN GROUP OBJECT is a person or a thing It has the preposition +À+ in front of it In French, it is called a complément d objet INDIRECT Le vieil homme parlait +à+ son frère aîné. Mon copain s intéresse +à+ la lecture.

20 Le chat dormait +sous+ la chaise. +Sur+ la petite place se trouvait une jolie fontaine. These are the trickiest to understand, not least because of their name in English (indirect objects have a preposition too!) They are introduced by prepositions They are called compléments circonstanciels in French.

21 They behave like adverbs, telling you: Where When How Why (etc) the verb is being done. On annoncera le résultat +pendant+ le dîner. Jean s était garé +devant+ la poste. Il poussa la porte +d + un air impatient.

22 +Depuis+ ce matin, un vieux monsieur lit son journal +sur+ le banc. A single verb can have more than one CC, either in front or after it. [it can never have more than one DIRECT or INDIRECT object, although it can have one of each]

23 Find the DIRECT objects, the INDIRECT objects, and the OBJECTS OF A PREPOSTION: 1. Le président a reçu une lettre menaçante. 2. Les enfants jouaient aux billes [marbles]. 3. La France apporte son soutien au nouveau gouvernement tunisien. 4. Cherche les clés dans tes poches. 5. L avenir appartient aux audacieux. 6. Le caissier rend la monnaie aux clients. 7. Le chat dort sur le buffet depuis ce matin.

24 Le président a reçu + une lettre menaçante. (DIRECT OBJECT / COD) Les enfants jouaient +À+ les billes. (INDIRECT OBJECT / COI) La France apporte + son soutien (DIRECT OBJECT / COD) +À+ le nouveau gouvernement tunisien. (INDIRECT OBJECT / COI)

25 Cherche + les clés (DIRECT OBJECT / COD) +dans+ tes poches. (OBJECT OF A PREPOSITION - dans) L avenir appartient +À+ les audacieux. (INDIRECT OBJECT / COI)

26 Le caissier rend + la monnaie (DIRECT OBJECT / COD) +À+ les clients (INDIRECT OBJECT / COI) Le chat dort +sur+ le buffet (OBJECT OF A PREPOSITION - sur) +depuis+ ce matin. (OBJECT OF A PREPOSITION - depuis)

27 You should now understand how to identify the NOUN GROUP(S) in a sentence, and establish : Which NOUN GROUP is the subject of each verb Whether there are any NOUN GROUP OBJECTS Work out whether these are DIRECT OBJECTS (COD), INDIRECT OBJECTS (COI), OR OBJECTS OF A PREPOSITION (CC). For those interested in learning more on this topic, there follow another few Aim Higher slides.

28 Sometimes an INDIRECT OBJECT can have DE instead of À in front of it. However, you don t need to understand this is an INDIRECT OBJECT to select the right pronouns to use an object introduced by DE is always replaced by the pronoun EN (more under pronouns). Catherine parlait +de+ ses vacances Je parle +d + un ouvrage écrit par Flaubert.

29 Nous partons +à+ huit heures (WHEN) Je vais +à+ Londres (WHERE) Le projet avance +à+ toute vitesse (HOW) We have seen that an object introduced by À is an INDIRECT OBJECT (COI). However, sometimes À introduces an OBJECT OF A PREPOSITION (CC)

30 Nous partons +à+ huit heures (WHEN) Je vais +à+ Londres (WHERE) Le projet avance +à+ toute vitesse (HOW) This is a tricky one because these objects cannot be replaced by an indirect object pronoun. Remember an object of a preposition (CC) tells you when / where/ why/ how (like an adverb).