Till now we have discussed the present tense now we are going to study the other tense i.e the past tense..

Transcription

1 Le passé compose-the past tense.. Till now we have discussed the present tense now we are going to study the other tense i.e the past tense.. Past tense Is used to reflect the things that have already occurred.. It consists of two parts: Helping verb + past participle of the verb Helping verbs are : être or avoir Formation : Subject pronoun+ present tense of être or avoir + past participle of the verb. Formation of the past participle: As we discussed verbs end on either er, ir, re So we cané form their p.p as follows: For ER ending verbs Drop the ending of the infinitive and add é.. Example parler- parlé Danser-dansé For IR ending verbs Drop the ending of the infinitive and add I

2 Example---- finir--- fini Sortir sorti For RE ending verbs Generally they add u in the end: Like descendre descendu Répondre--- répondu Again like other verbs there are some verbs which are exception and hence their past participle has to be remembered: Formation of a sentence: I have started.. J ai commencé We conjugated avoir in present with je and made the p.p of the verb commencer.. I have finished The other conjugaisons will be as follows: I have started J ai commencé We have started Nous avons commencé Vous avez You have started Tu as commencé You have started commencé He has Il a They have Ils ont started commencé started commencé She has Elle a They have Elles ont

3 started commencé started commencé J ai fini We conjugated avoir in present with je and made the p.p of the verb finir Similarly we will do for finir : Je commence-----j ai commence Je finis j ai fini As we said there are some exceptions of verbs for forming the past participle they are: Être ---- j ai été Avoir---- j ai eu Faire--- j ai fait Voir---- j ai vu Entendre--- j ai entendu Ouvrir--- j ai ouvert So here above are the p.p of the various verbs

4 Conjugaison : Dire to say present Je dis Tu dis Il/elle dit Nous disons Vous dites Ils/elles dissent passé J ai dit Tu as dit Il/elle a dit Nous avons dit Vous avez dit Ils/elles ont dit Relations French (m) english French(F) Eng. père father mère mother Le Grand La grandmère Grand grand- father mother père fils son fille daughter Le petit- Grand La petite- Grand

5 fils son fille daughter L oncle uncle La tante aunt Le cousin La Cousin cousin cousine Le nephew La nièce Niece neveu Le beau- Father La belle Mother père in law mère in law Le gendre Son- in law La bellefille daughter in law Le beaufrère Brother- La belle- Sister- in in law sœur law Translations: I have rung. We waited for sometime. Now a young boy of 16 years opens the gate. You have seen his portrait in the 9 th chapter. He is Pierre Vincent. With Pierre here is a small girl with blond hair. she is Hélène Vincent. she is 7 years old. Then, a lady comes and says : «goodmorning dear friends, I am happy of your visit.» this lady is mrs.vincent, the mother of Pierre and of Hélène. Pierre is is his son.hélène is her daughter. Pierre is the brother of Hélène. Hélène is the sister of Pierre. The father of two

6 children, François Vincent is not at home today. He is journalist. Mr.vincent has married an American of New York, miss Margaret Bell. Since 17 years she is the wife of Mr. Vincent and Mr. Vincent is his husband. The parents of Pierre and Hélène are young. Mr.vincent is 39 years old, his wife is 35 years old. The father and the mother of Mr.vincent are the grand parents of Pierre and of Hélène. Mr.vincent also has a sister, Marie. She has married an argentin, Miguel Sanchez and she lives in Buenos Aires. Mr. and Mrs. Sanchez has two children, Anna and Roberto. Verbs: J ai sonné verb sonner nous avons attendu attendre vous avez vu--- voir M.vincent a épousé--- épouser Verb --- dire (to say) présent passé

7 Je dis Tu dis Il dit Elle dit Nous disons Vous dites Ils disent Elles disent J ai dit Tu as dit Il a dit Elle a dit Nous avons dit Vous avez dit Ils ont dit Elles ont dit