Le présent et le passé

Transcription

1 Fiche 5 A Le présent et le passé Le présent et / ou le passé : emploi et conjugaison L emploi des temps et la conjugaison sont souvent des problèmes récurrents. Révisez et mettez-vous à niveau en utilisant le tableau suivant et en faisant de nombreux exercices autocorrectifs. N oubliez pas que certains verbes anglais sont irréguliers. Une liste des verbes irréguliers vous sera bien utile. Vous en trouverez une dans votre cours. 1. D abord, testez vos acquis Faites l exercice suivant. Si vous obtenez moins de 8 bonnes réponses, vous avez besoin de vous entraîner. Dans ce cas faites les exercices autocorrectifs en vous aidant du tableau récapitulatif. 1. She usually (wear)... jeans and a -shirt but yesterday she (wear)... a skirt. 2. his dog (bite)... the postman who now is lying in bed. 3. I (sleep)... when my mobile phone suddenly (ring)... this morning and (wake)... me up. 4. Yesterday was a hard day for me : I (work)... for 10 hours non-stop. 5. He had to go to the hospital because he (cut)... his finger badly. 6. his politician (speak)... for 2 hours. He s really boring! Mon score... / He is an old friend of mine. I (see + not)... him since I left High School. 8. he Jordans are at home now. I m sure they (watch)... V. 9. My mother told me that she (meet)... my father when they were 15 years old. 1

2 2. Révisez en lisant le tableau suivant. Puis faites les exercices. PRÉSN PASSÉ Simple present He runs fast. hey work in a bank. simple information, sans commentaire propriété permanente caractéristique du sujet. Peu utilisé comme présent de narration en anglais. P R S N Present + be +ING Present perfect (have au présent + part. passé) Present perfect + be + ING Peter is doing his homework. Peter has written 5 letters. He has worked for three hours. Peter has been writing letters. indique un aspect du présent : marque le point de vue de celui qui parle. Il s intéresse à l activité du sujet de la phrase. L action est en cours. indique un aspect du présent : l action est accomplie. On s intéresse au résultat. Il y a un bilan dans le présent, lié à un événement passé. Il peut s ajouter une idée de durée avec FOR ou SINC. F le passé composé français peut se traduire par le present perfect ou le simple past (preterit) apporte un commentaire sur la situation (voir plus haut, présent en ING). commentaire : «c était long, difficile!» commentaire : «c était difficile, il doit être fatigué» He has been working for 3 hours. F le present perfect avec FOR et SINC en anglais est rendu en français par le présent (il écrit... il travaille depuis.) P R R I Simple past (preterit) Simple past + be + ING I saw her 2 days ago. hey arrived last Monday. I met her when I was a boy. He was writing letters when I arrived. pour présenter un événement passé, sans commentaire. marque une rupture avec le présent, avec ou sans repère de temps explicite. F le simple past correspond souvent, dans la narration au passé, au passé composé français C est le temps le plus couramment employé dans une narration. F indispensable de connaître les verbes irréguliers. indique un aspect du simple past (voir simple present). Décrit une action en cours dans le passé ; cette action est raccordée à une autre au simple past. P A S P R F C Past perfect (had + part. passé) Past perfect + be + ING We had already met Mr. Jones. He had lived in London for 10 years when we met after the war. She went to the club after she had finished working. She said that she had not seen him. ( I haven t seen him, she said.) indique un aspect du passé (voir present perfect) Permet de faire un bilan à un moment du passé. Marque l antériorité d une action par rapport à une autre. S emploie pour ajuster les temps au passage au discours indirect. 2

3 B Le présent et / ou le passé xercices autocorrectif xercice 1 Complétez par le simple present / present + be+ ing / simple past / simple past + be + ing. Pensez à trouver les raisons de votre choix. 1. Yesterday the postman... (bring) a big parcel to Jim s house. 2. hey always... (have) a cup of tea at five when they were married. 3. He s a removal man : everyday, he... (carry) heavy things in his lorry. 4. Simpson... (think) of his girlfriend when the boss... (call) him 5 minutes ago. 5. He can t come down now, the boxes... (block) the stairs 6. hree days ago, the Captain... (decide) to change his plans. 7. ed s in his car now, he... (drive) to London. 8. Mr Ford... (read) his paper everyday at lunch. 9. Last Monday while I... (play) the piano and Mike... (paint) his room, I suddenly I... (hear) a terrible noise. xercice 2 Lisez les exemples et faites des phrases en imitant le modèle avec les éléments de 1 à 6 et en vous aidant de l encadré. She was having a bath... he phone rang She got up She answered As / while / when she was having a bath, the phone rang. he phone rang As / while / when she was having a bath. xample : Molly was in the bath. Suddenly the phone rang. She got out of the bath and went to answer it. What was Molly doing when the phone rang? She was having a bath. What did she do when the phone rang? She got out of the bath and went to answer it. 1. Joe was at the bus-stop. he bus came and he got on. 2. In the middle of the violinist s solo a fly landed on his nose. He stopped playing. 3. My sister was on her way to her judo class. Five men attacked her. She threw them over her shoulder. 4. Molly was in the kitchen. Her supper was nearly ready. Suddenly the gas was cut off. She said Damned! 5. he two men were in the cinema. Somebody shouted Fire!. hey put their coats on and left quickly. 3

4 xercice 3 Faites un paragraphe avec les éléments suivants, en y ajoutant d autres éléments nécessaires à la construction de phrases correctes et complètes. Martin Luther King étant décédé, votre texte devra être écrit au passé. Martin Luther King Jr. be born 1929 Atlanta Georgia USA - clergyman die 1968 to be assassinated Memphis ennessee one of the leaders of the American Civil Rights Movement fight against racial oppression to lead the boycott of the Montgomery bus system famous for his speech : I have a dream xercice 4 PAS PRFC. Lisez la situation et étudiez la réaction. Puis faites 4 phrases selon ce modèle en utilisant les éléments de 1 à 4. Situation he plane was already in the air and was flying overhead when you got to the airport. Réaction When you GO there, the plane HAD AKN off. 1. I got out of the train to get a newspaper. When I came back the train wasn t there. 2. he students were all in class when I arrived at school. 3. he war ended in Paul went into the Army in When the police got to the scene of the robbery, all they found was an empty safe. xercice 5 Choisissez la réponse exacte. 1. He much better at nglish since he... to ngland a year ago. a) has been b) has gone c) went d) has been going 2. It is five months since I... her. a) last saw b) have last seen c) had last been seeing d)had last seen 3. She s been feeling much better since she... a) has stopped to smoke b) has stopped her smoking c) stopped to smoke d) stopped smoking 4. He... for ten years now. a) is dead b) has died c) died d) has been dead 5. It s the first time... such a programme on television. a) I am seeing b) I have seen c) I see d) I saw 6. He... the piano... three o clock. a) has played/for b) has been playing/for c) has been playing/since d) played/since 4

5 7. How long is it since you... Scotland, Jaimie? a) have left b) was leaving c) left d) would have left xercice 6 Mettez les vers correspondant aux chiffres aux formes qui conviennent. Il s agit de l histoire d Andrew Beckett dans le film Philadelphia, qui vient de se faire licencier car il a le SIDA. Le récit est donc au passé. When Andrew (1 ) at the office, he ( 2 ) what ( 3 ). He ( 4 ) by the senior partners of the firm. Charles Wheeler ( 5 ) him that they ( 6 ) his friends, and Andrew ( 7 ), but unfortunately his place in the firm ( 8 ) secure anymore, so he ( 9 ) look for another job. hey ( 10 ) him good luck and they ( 11 ) everything ( 12 ) all right for him in the future. Andrew was flabbergasted. He ( 13 ) that it ( 14 ) happen one day. He had thought his nice life ( 15 ) for ever and now it ( 16 ) over. 1. arrive 2. not/know 3. go on 4. summon 5. tell 6. always/ be 7. agree 8. not/be 9. have to 10. wish 11. hope 12. be 13. never/ imagine 14. can 15. continue 16. be xercice 7 xercice 8 Preterit ou present perfect, Mettez les verbes entre parenthèses à la forme qui convient et pensez à justifier votre réponse. Il s agit d un extrait de presse qui relate un meurtre. Hot news in he New Yorker, dated 1799 Sleepy Hollow. Four people (be murdered..... ) this week for no apparent reason. heir heads (be cut off..... ) and, curiously enough, (not be found..... ). he murderer (not be identified..... ) yet. Constable Ichabod Crane is in charge of the investigation. He (set..... ) off for Sleepy hollow yesterday and (meet..... ) the councillors of the village for the first time. He declared that he (will send..... ) his report as soon as he (can..... ). Preterit ou pluperfect? Mettez les verbes entre parenthèses à la forme qui convient. When Ichabod Crane (arrive..... ) in the village, he immediately (sense..... a very strange atmosphere. It (be..... ) the first time he (see..... ) such a weird place and nobody (tell..... ) him that this (going to be..... ) one of the greatest experience in his life. 5

6 xercice 9 Preterit, present perfect ou pluperfect?forme active? Forme passive? Mettez les verbes entre parenthèses à la forme qui convient. Un extrait des faits divers dans la presse locale. hieves used the telephone in a vehicle they (steal) to let the owner know it (be stolen). Jim Brown, of Coventry, (answer) his home telephone at 4 am and (be) asked : Do you own a Land Rover Discovery? hinking it (be) the police, Mr Brown (say) yes, only to be told Not any more you don t, we (just / nick= voler) it. 6

7 Fiche 5 Réponses Le présent et le passé A Le présent et / ou le passé : emploi et conjugaison 1. D abord, testez vos acquis 1. Wears / wore (ou was wearing) 2. Has bitten / bit 3. Was sleeping / rang / woke 4. Worked 5. Had cut 6. Has been speaking 7. Haven t seen 8- are watching 9. Had met / met B Le présent et / ou le passé : xercices autocorrectif xercice 1 xercice 2 1. Brought 2. Had 3. Carries 4. Was thinking / called 5. Are blocking 6. Decided 7. Is driving 8. Reads 9. Was playing / was painting / heard 1. What was Joe doing when the bus arrived? He was waiting for the bus. What did he do when the bus arrived? He got on the bus. 2. What was the violinist doing when a fly landed on his nose? He was playing a solo. What did he do when the fly landed on his nose? He stopped playing. 3. What was your sister doing when five men attacked her? She was walking to her judo class. What did she do when five men attacked her? She threw them over her shoulder. 4. What was Molly doing in the kitchen when the gas was cut off? She was cooking supper. What did she do when the gas was cut off? She said ²Damned! ² Réponses Fiche 5 AN11 7

8 5. What were the two men doing when somebody shouted Fire! hey were watching a film. What did they do when somebody shouted fire! hey put their coats on and left quikckly. xercice 3 Martin Luther King Junior was born in 1929 in Atlanta, Georgia, USA. He was a clergyman. He died in 1968 in Memphis, ennessee, where he was assassinated. He was one of the leaders of the American Civil Rights Movement and he fought against racial oppression. He led the boycott of the Montgomery bus system. He was famous for his speech I have a dream. xercice 4 L action exprimée par la phrase au past perfect est antérieure à l action exprimée par l autre verbe de la phrase. 1. When I came back after buying my newspaper, the train had left. 2. When I arrived at school, the students had got into class. 3. When Paul went into the Army, the war had ended. 4. When the police arrived, the robbers had left the place. xercice 5 1/c- 2/a 3/d -4/d 5/b 6/c 7/c xercice 6 1.arrived 2. Did not know 3. Was going on 4. Was summoned (forme passive) 5. old 6. Had always been 7. Agreed 8. Was not 9. Had to 10. Wished Hoped 12. Would be (would est la valeur passée de will 13. Had never imagined 14. Could 15. Would continue / would have continued 16. Was. xercice 7 his week indique que le bilan est fait au présent, lorsque le journaliste écrit. Have been murdered have been cut off have not been found has not been identified (formes passives) set (passé du verbe set car plus loin yesterday informe sur le temps) met would send could. xercice 8 Arrived sensed was had seen had told was going to be xercice 9 Had stolen (action antérieure) was stolen (forme passive) answered was asked (on lui demanda) was said ve just nicked. 8