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!"8 91:5+;)+,%*6%7&)5+)/+:1/5+*45)*,45 Les noms de variables sont des noms que vous choisissez vous-même assez librement. Efforcezvous cependant de bien les choisir : de préférence assez courts, mais aussi explicites que possible, de manière à exprimer clairement ce que la variable est censée contenir. Par exemple, des noms de variables tel que altitude, altit ou alt conviennent mieux que x pour exprimer une altitude. Un bon programmeur doit veiller à ce que ses lignes d'instructions soient faciles à lire. Sous Python, les noms de variables doivent en outre obéir à quelques règles simples :! g3#35'#)$#-+*.+d"$#$%&#,3$#%:>,$32$#)$#"$&&*$%#h+# #C#4#[# #hi#$&#)$#29.88*$%#hd# #ZI4#>,. )5.&#&5,a5,*%#25''$32$*#(+*#,3$#"$&&*$/! L$,"$%#"$%#"$&&*$%#5*).3+.*$%#%53&#+,&5*.%:$%/#J$%#"$&&*$%#+22$3&,:$%4#"$%#2:).""$%4#"$%#$%(+2$%4#"$% 2+*+2&A*$%#%(:2.+,1#&$"%#>,$#i4#`4#j4#$&2/#%53&#.3&$*).&%4#6#"7$12$(&.53#),#2+*+2&A*$#k#H%5,".=3:I/! La casse est significative (les caractères majuscules et minuscules sont distingués). Attention : Joseph, joseph, JOSEPH sont donc des variables différentes. Soyez attentifs! 0*$3$C#"79+D.&,)$#)7:2*.*$#"7$%%$3&.$"#)$%#35'%#)$#-+*.+D"$%#$3#2+*+2&A*$%#'.3,%2,"$%#H?#25'(*.% "+#(*$'.A*$#"$&&*$ l I/#!"#%7+=.&#)7,3$#%.'("$#253-$3&.534#'+.%#$""$#$%&#"+*=$'$3&#*$%($2&:$/#e7,&.".%$C "$%#'+a,%2,"$%#>,76#"7.3&:*.$,*#'@'$#),#35'4#(5,*#$3#+,='$3&$*#:-$3&,$""$'$3&#"+#".%.d.".&:4#25''$ )+3%#<4JA0&0-34<"060-4#(+*#$1$'("$/ O3#(",%#)$#2$%#*A="$%4#."#8+,&#$325*$#+a5,&$*#>,$#-5,%#3$#(5,-$C#(+%#,&.".%$*#25''$#35'%#)$ -+*.+D"$%#"$%#cZ#;#'5&%#*:%$*-:%#<#2.E)$%%5,%#H."%#%53&#,&.".%:%#(+*#"$#"+3=+=$#",.E'@'$I#K (') (**+,$ -,+(. /0(** /&'$1'2+ )+3 )+0 +013 +0*+ +4/+"$ +4+/ 31'(00# 3&, 3,&5 60&-(0 13 15"&,$ 1' 1* 0(5-)( '&$ &, "(** ",1'$,(1*+,+$2,' $,# 7%10+ #1+0) l J$%#35'%#25''$3V+3&#(+*#,3$#'+a,%2,"$#3$#%53&#(+%#.3&$*).&%4#'+.%#"7,%+=$#-$,&#>,753#"$#*:%$*-$#(",&X&#+,1 -+*.+D"$%#>,.#):%.=3$3&#)$%#+1*33!3#H"$#2532$(&#)$#2"+%%$#%$*+#+D5*):#(",%#"5.3#)+3%#2$%#35&$%I/ cc/#

!"< =>>)'/%/612+?1(+%556@2%/612A e5,%#%+-53%#):%5*'+.%#25''$3&#295.%.*#a,).2.$,%$'$3&#,3#35'#)$#-+*.+d"$/#b5?53%#6#(*:%$3& 25''$3&#35,%#(5,-53%#$3#):8.3.*#,3$#$&#",.#*,,!+(!)#,3$#-+"$,*/#J$%#&$*'$%#;#+88$2&$*#,3$#-+"$,*#< 5,#;#+%%.=3$*#,3$#-+"$,*#<#6#,3$#-+*.+D"$#%53&#:>,.-+"$3&%/#!"%#):%.=3$3&#"75(:*+&.53#(+*#"+>,$""$#53 :&+D".&#,3#".$3#$3&*$#"$#35'#)$#"+#-+*.+D"$#$&#%+#-+"$,*#H%53#253&$3,I/ O3#0?&953#25''$#)+3%#)$#35'D*$,1#+,&*$%#"+3=+=$%4#"75(:*+&.53#)7+88$2&+&.53#$%&#*$(*:%$3&:$ (+*#"$#%.=3$#29*1! Z #K >>> n = 7 # donner à n la valeur 7 >>> msg = "Quoi de neuf?" # affecter la valeur "Quoi de neuf?" à msg >>> pi = 3.14159 # assigner sa valeur à la variable pi J$%#$1$'("$%#2.E)$%%,%#."",%&*$3&#)$%#.3%&*,2&.53%#)7+88$2&+&.53#0?&953#&5,&#6#8+.&#2"+%%.>,$%/ [(*A%#>,753#"$%#+.&#$1:2,&:$%4#."#$1.%&$#)+3%#"+#':'5.*$#)$#"75*).3+&$,*4#6#)$%#$3)*5.&%#).88:*$3&%#K! &*5.%#35'%#)$#-+*.+D"$%4#6#%+-5.*#'4#5*6#$&#"1! &*5.%#%:>,$32$%#)752&$&%4#5m#%53&#$325):$%#"$#35'D*$#$3&.$*#84#"+#29+M3$#)$#2+*+2&A*$%#92&1:)+ '+23:;#$&#"$#35'D*$#*:$"#<=>?>@A/ J$%#&*5.%#.3%&*,2&.53%#)7+88$2&+&.53#2.E)$%%,%#53&#$,#(5,*#$88$&#29+2,3$#)$#*:+".%$* #(",%.$,*% 5(:*+&.53%#)+3%#"+#':'5.*$#)$#"75*).3+&$,*#K! 2*:$*#$&#':'5*.%$*#,3#35'#)$#-+*.+D"$#n! ",.#+&&*.D,$*#,3#&?($#D.$3#):&$*'.3:#H2$#(5.3&#%$*+#$1(".2.&:#6#"+#(+=$#%,.-+3&$I#n! 2*:$*#$&#':'5*.%$*#,3$#-+"$,*#(+*&.2,".A*$#n! :&+D".*#,3#".$3#H(+*#,3#%?%&A'$#.3&$*3$#)$#(5.3&$,*%I#$3&*$#"$#35'#)$#"+#-+*.+D"$#$&#"7$'("+2$'$3& ':'5.*$#)$#"+#-+"$,*#25**$%(53)+3&$/ o3#($,&#'.$,1#%$#*$(*:%$3&$*#&5,&#2$"+#(+*#,3#)1(6,(55+:)bc$($#&$"#>,$#2$",.e2.#k ' 5*6 "1 8 92&1:)+:'+23:; <D>?>@A J$%#&*5.%#35'%#)$#-+*.+D"$%#%53&#)$% #)2,2)!"+!34#':'5*.%:$%#)+3%#,3$#C53$#(+*&.2,".A*$#)$#"+ ':'5.*$#>,$#"753#+(($""$ #!38*+!#&! #"%$34#+"5*% #>,$#"$% #-+"$,*%#25**$%(53)+3&$%#%53&#%.&,:$% +.""$,*%4#)+3%#)$%#$'("+2$'$3&%#(+*85.%#85*&#:"5.=3:%#"$%#,3%#)$%#+,&*$%/#e5,%#+,*53%#"7522+%.53#)$ (*:2.%$*#2$#2532$(&#(",%#"5.3#)+3%#2$%#(+=$%/# Z!"#8+,&#D.$3#25'(*$3)*$#>,7."#3$#%7+=.&#$3#+,2,3$#8+V53#)7,3$#:=+".&:4#$&#>,$#"753#+,*+.&#&*A%#D.$3#(,#295.%.*#,3#+,&*$ %?'D5".%'$4#&$"#>,$#': :8#(+*#$1$'("$4#25''$#53#"$#8+.&#%5,-$3&#)+3%#2$*&+.3%#(%$,)5E"+3=+=$%#%$*-+3&#6#):2*.*$ )$%#+"=5*.&9'$%4#(5,*#D.$3#'53&*$*#>,7."#%7+=.&#)$#*$".$*#,3#253&$3,#H"+#-+"$,*#fI#6#,3#253&$3+3&#H"+#-+*.+D"$#3I/## cp/

!"B =>>6'0)*+&%+,%&)(*+;C(2)+,%*6%7&) A la suite de l'exercice ci-dessus, nous disposons donc des trois variables n, msg et pi. Pour afficher leur valeur à l'écran, il existe deux possibilités. La première consiste à entrer au clavier le nom de la variable, puis <Enter>. Python répond en affichant la valeur correspondante : >>> n 7 >>> msg "Quoi de neuf?" >>> pi 3.14159!"#%7+=.&#2$($3)+3&#"6#)7,3$#8532&.533+".&:#%$253)+.*$#)$#"7.3&$*(*:&$,*4#>,.#$%&#)$%&.3:$#6#-5,% 8+2.".&$*#"+#-.$#"5*%>,$#-5,%#8+.&$%#)$#%.'("$%#$1$*2.2$%#6#"+#".=3$#)$#25''+3)$/#[#"7.3&:*.$,*#)7,3 (*5=*+''$4#-5,%#,&.".%$*$C#&5,a5,*%#"7.3%&*,2&.53#",1'$#K >>> print msg Quoi de neuf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m#"753#&*5,-$#+,%%.#(+*#$1$'("$#!"-B4#(@=0/04#$&#>,$">,$%#+,&*$%/#o3#).*+#6#2$#%,a$& >,$ #1!#(78*9!#&!3#6*)'*51!3#3%43#=7(>%"#!3(#4"#(78*9!#&7"*$':4!4#(+*#5((5%.&.53#+, #(78*9! 3(*(':4!#>,.#$%&#)$#*A="$#(+*#$1$'("$#$3#?WW#5,#$3#X4I4/# Dans ces langages, il faut toujours - par des instructions distinctes - d'abord déclarer (définir) le nom et le type des variables, et ensuite seulement leur assigner un contenu, lequel doit bien entendu être compatible avec le type déclaré. Le typage statique est préférable dans le cas des langages compilés, parce qu'il permet d'optimiser l'opération de compilation (dont le résultat est un code binaire «figé»). Le typage dynamique quant à lui permet d'écrire plus aisément des constructions logiques de niveau élevé (métaprogrammation, réflexivité), en particulier dans le contexte de la programmation orientée objet (polymorphisme). Il facilite également l'utilisation de structures de données très riches telles que les listes et les dictionnaires. cq/#

!"G =>>)'/%/6125+:(&/6F&)5 L5,%#0?&9534#53#($,&#+%%.=3$*#,3$#-+"$,*#6#(",%.$,*%#-+*.+D"$%#%.',"&+3:'$3&/#O1$'("$#K >>> x = y = 7 >>> x 7 >>> y 7 o3#($,&#+,%%.#$88$2&,$*#)$%#*,,!+(*('%"3#8*)*11?1!3#6#"7+.)$#)7,3#%$,"#5(:*+&$,*#k >>> a, b = 4, 8.33 >>> a 4 >>> b 8.33 Dans cet exemple, les variables a et b prennent simultanément les nouvelles valeurs 4 et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c/y/ G:2*.-$C#"$#(",%#2"+.*$'$3&#$&#"$#(",%#25'("A&$'$3&#(5%%.D"$#2$#>,.#%$#(+%%$#6#29+2,3$#)$% &*5.%#".=3$%#)$#"7$1$'("$#2.E)$%%5,%#K >>> largeur = 20 >>> hauteur = 5 * 9.3 >>> largeur * hauteur 930 c/c/ [%%.=3$C#"$%#-+"$,*%#*$%($2&.-$%#p4#P4#f##6#&*5.%#-+*.+D"$%##+4#D4#2/ O88$2&,$C#"75(:*+&.53##+#E#D^2##/#J$#*:%,"&+&#$%&E."#'+&9:'+&.>,$'$3&#25**$2&#r L.#2$#37$%&#(+%#"$#2+%4#25''$3&#)$-$CE-5,%#(*52:)$*#(5,*#>,7."#"$#%5.&#r cp/

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!"#$%&'()/)+!01&'23()45)6357)48%1.&'59&%01. G+3%#35&*$#(*$'.$*#29+(.&*$4#35,%#+-53%#-,#>,$#"7+2&.-.&:#$%%$3&.$""$#)7,3#+3+"?%&$E(*5=*+''$,* $%& # "+ # *:%5",&.53 # )$ # (*5D"A'$%/ # o*4 # (5,* # *:%5,)*$ #,3 # (*5D"A'$ #.385*'+&.>,$4 #." # 8+,& # &5,a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g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a = 150 >>> if (a > 100):... J+#(*$'.A*$#25''+3)$#+88$2&$#"+#-+"$,*#YPd#6#"+#-+*.+D"$#(/#v,%>,7.2.#*.$3#)$#35,-$+,/ J5*%>,$#-5,%#8.3.%%$C#)7$3&*$*#"+#%$253)$#".=3$4#(+*#253&*$4#-5,%#253%&+&$C#>,$#0?&953#*:+=.&#)7,3$ 35,-$""$#'+3.A*$/#O3#$88$&4#$&#6#'5.3%#>,$#-5,%#37+?$C#5,D".:#"$#2+*+2&A*$#;#K#<#6#"+#8.3#)$#"+#".=3$4-5,%#253%&+&$C#>,$#"$#B6+/B<2B6"#@"B4A#HwwwI#$%&#'+.3&$3+3&#*$'("+2:#(+*#,3#B6+/B<2-0@+#*4"60 253%&.&,:#)$#&*5.%#(5.3&% YY / L.#-5&*$#:).&$,*#3$#"$#8+.&#(+%#+,&5'+&.>,$'$3&4#-5,%#)$-$C#6#(*:%$3&#$88$2&,$*#,3$#&+D,"+&.53#H5, $3&*$*#q#$%(+2$%I#+-+3&#)7$3&*$*#"+#".=3$#%,.-+3&$4#)$#'+3.A*$#6#2$#>,$#2$""$E2.#%5.&#'"&!"(2!#H27$%&E6E ).*$#$3#*$&*+.&I#(+*#*+((5*&#6#"+#(*:2:)$3&$/#B5&*$#:2*+3#)$-*+.&#%$#(*:%$3&$*#'+.3&$3+3&#25''$#%,.&#K Yd s$"#>,7."#$%&#,&.".%:#.2.4#"$#&$*'$#)$#32:4!"+!#):%.=3$#)532#,3$#%:*.$#)7.3%&*,2&.53%#>,.#%$#%,.-$3&/#e5,%#(*:8:*$*53% )+3%#"+#%,.&$#)$#2$&#5,-*+=$#*:%$*-$*#2$#&$*'$#6#,3#2532$(&#0?&953#(*:2.%4#"$>,$"#$3="5D$#"$%#+>*J"!3#&!#+*)*+(?)!34 "$%#(481!3#$&#"$%#1'3(!3#H-5.*#(",%#"5.3I/ YY G+3%#2$*&+.3$%#-$*%.53%#)$#"7:).&$,*#0?&953#(5,*#)"#*+,-4#"$#(*5'(&#%$253)+.*$#37+((+*+M&#(+%/ cz/

>>> a = 150 >>> if (a > 100):... print "a dépasse la centaine"... x*+(($c#$325*$#,3$#85.%#yo3&$*w/#j$#(*5=*+''$#%7$1:2,&$4#$&#-5,%#5d&$3$c#k a dépasse la centaine R$25''$32$C#"$#'@'$#$1$*2.2$4#'+.%#+-$2#(:S:ET#$3#=,.%$#)$#(*$'.A*$#".=3$#K#2$&&$#85.%#0?&953 37+88.29$#(",%#*.$3#),#&5,&/ J7$1(*$%%.53#>,$#-5,%#+-$C#("+2:$#$3&*$#(+*$3&9A%$%#$%&#2$#>,$#35,%#+(($""$*53%#):%5*'+.%#,3$ 253).&.53/#J7.3%&*,2&.53#13#($*'$&#)$#&$%&$*#"+#-+".).&:#)$#2$&&$#253).&.53/#L.#"+#253).&.53#$%&#-*+.$4 +"5*%#"7.3%&*,2&.53#>,$#35,%#+-53%#'"&!"(2!#+(*A%#"$#;#K#<#$%&#$1:2,&:$/#L.#"+#253).&.53#$%&#8+,%%$4#*.$3 3$#%$#(+%%$/#e5&$C#>,$#"$%#(+*$3&9A%$%#,&.".%:$%#.2.#%53&#5(&.533$""$%#%5,%#0?&953/#e5,%#"$%#+-53%,&.".%:$%#(5,*#+':".5*$*#"+#".%.D.".&:/#G+3%#)7+,&*$%#"+3=+=$%4#."#%$#($,&#>,7$""$%#%5.$3&#5D".=+&5.*$%/ R$25''$32$C#$325*$4#$3#+a5,&+3&#)$,1#".=3$%#25''$#.3).>,:#2.E)$%%5,%/#B$.""$C#D.$3#6#2$#>,$ "+#>,+&*.A'$#".=3$#):D,&$#&5,&#6#8+.&#6#=+,29$#H(+%#)7.3)$3&+&.53I4#'+.%#>,$#"+#2.3>,.A'$#%5.&#6 35,-$+,#.3)$3&:$#H)$#(*:8:*$32$#+-$2#,3#*$&*+.&#.)$3&.>,$#6#2$",.#)$#"+#&*5.%.A'$I#K >>> a = 20 >>> if (a > 100):... print "a dépasse la centaine"... else:... print "a ne dépasse pas cent"... x*+(($c#yo3&$*w#$325*$#,3$#85.%/#j$#(*5=*+''$#%7$1:2,&$4#$&#+88.29$#2$&&$#85.%#k a ne dépasse pas cent F5''$#-5,%#"7+,*$C#2$*&+.3$'$3&#):a6#25'(*.%4#"7.3%&*,2&.53#+0*+#H;#%.353#<4#$3#+3="+.%I#($*'$& )$#(*5=*+''$* #,3$#$1:2,&.53 #+"&$*3+&.-$4 #)+3% #"+>,$""$#"$#(*5=*+''$ #)5.&#295.%.*#$3&*$ #)$,1 (5%%.D.".&:%/#o3#($,&#8+.*$#'.$,1#$325*$#$3#,&.".%+3&#+,%%.#"7.3%&*,2&.53 #+013# H253&*+2&.53#)$#;#$"%$.8#<I#K >>> a = 0 >>> if a > 0 :... print "a est positif"... elif a < 0 :... print "a est négatif"... else:... print "a est nul"... pd/#

8"8 IF4*%/)(*5+;)+'1:F%*%6512 J+#253).&.53#:-+",:$#+(*A%#"7.3%&*,2&.53#.8#($,&#253&$3.*#"$%#%82)*(!4)3#&!#+%$8*)*'3%"#%,.-+3&%#K x == y x!= y x > y x < y x >= y x <= y J4+5"0+:K # x est égal à y # x est différent de y # x est plus grand que y # x est plus petit que y # x est plus grand que, ou égal à y # x est plus petit que, ou égal à y >>> a = 7 >>> if (a % 2 == 0):... print "a est pair"... print "parce que le reste de sa division par 2 est nul"... else:... print "a est impair"... e5&$c#d.$3#>,$#"75(:*+&$,*#)$#25'(+*+.%53#(5,*#"7:=+".&:#)$#)$,1#-+"$,*%#$%&#253%&.&,:#)$#)$,1 %.=3$%#;#:=+"$#<#$&#353#)7,3#%$," Yc /#HJ$#%.=3$#;#:=+"$#<#,&.".%:#%$,"#$%&#,3#5(:*+&$,*#)7+88$2&+&.534#$& 353#,3#5(:*+&$,*#)$#25'(+*+.%53/#B5,%#*$&*5,-$*$C#"$#'@'$#%?'D5".%'$#$3#?WW#$&#$3#X4I4I/ 8"< O25/*('/6125+'1:F154)5+P+Q&1'5+;C625/*('/6125 J+ # 253%&*,2&.53 # >,$ # -5,% # +-$C #,&.".%:$ # +-$2 # "7.3%&*,2&.53 #13# $%& # -5&*$ # (*$'.$* # $1$'("$ )7'"3()4+('%"#+%$8%32!/#B5,%#$3#*$3253&*$*$C#D.$3&X&#)7+,&*$%/#L5,%#0?&9534#&5,&$%#"$%#.3%&*,2&.53% 25'(5%:$%#53&#&5,a5,*%#"+#'@'$#%&*,2&,*$#K#,3$#".=3$#)7$3E&@&$#&$*'.3:$#(+*#,3#)5,D"$#(5.3&4#%,.-.$ )7,3$#5,#)$#(",%.$,*%#.3%&*,2&.53%#.3)$3&:$%#%5,%#2$&&$#".=3$#)7$3E&@&$/#O1$'("$#K Ligne d'en-tête: première instruction du bloc............ dernière instruction du bloc L7."#?#+#(",%.$,*%#.3%&*,2&.53%#.3)$3&:$%#%5,%#"+#".=3$#)7$3E&@&$4#!11!3#&%'6!"(#1GK()!#!;*+(!$!"(#*4 $K$!#"'6!*4# H25'(&$C#,3#):2+"+=$#)$#q#2+*+2&A*$%4#(+*#$1$'("$I/#F$%#.3%&*,2&.53%#.3)$3&:$% 253%&.&,$3&#2$#>,$#35,%#+(($""$*53%#):%5*'+.%#,3#51%+#&G'"3()4+('%"3/#g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c#$%&#3,"/ Yc R+(($"#K#"75(:*+&$,*#z#$%&#"75(:*+&$,*#/+*$A+#K#."#2+"2,"$#"$#*$%&$#)7,3$#).-.%.53#$3&.A*$/#[.3%.#(+*#$1$'("$4#(:I:E 85,*3.&#"$#*$%&$#)$#"+#).-.%.53#)$#(#(+*#c/ py/

8"B O25/*('/6125+6:7*6N(4)5!"#$%&#(+*8+.&$'$3&#(5%%.D"$#)7.'D*.>,$*#"$%#,3$%#)+3%#"$%#+,&*$%#(",%.$,*%#.3%&*,2&.53%#25'(5%:$%4 )$#'+3.A*$#6#*:+".%$*#)$%#%&*,2&,*$%#)$#):2.%.53#25'("$1$%/#O1$'("$#K if embranchement == "vertébrés": # 1 if classe == "mammifères": # 2 if ordre == "carnivores": # 3 if famille == "félins": # 4 print "c'est peut-être un chat" # 5 print "c'est en tous cas un mammifère" # 6 elif classe == 'oiseaux': # 7 print "c'est peut-être un canari" # 8 print"la classification des animaux est complexe" # 9 [3+"?%$C#2$&#$1$'("$/#F$#8*+='$3&#)$#(*5=*+''$#37.'(*.'$#"+#(9*+%$#;#27$%&#($,&E@&*$#,3#29+&#< >,$#)+3%#"$#2+%#5m#"$%#>,+&*$#(*$'.A*$%#253).&.53%#&$%&:$%#%53&#-*+.$%/ 05,*#>,$#"+#(9*+%$#;#27$%&#$3#&5,%#2+%#,3#'+''.8A*$#<#%5.&#+88.29:$4#."#8+,&#$&#."#%,88.&#>,$#"$% )$,1#(*$'.A*$%#253).&.53%#%5.$3&#-*+.$%/#J7.3%&*,2&.53#)7+88.29+=$#)$#2$&&$#(9*+%$#H".=3$#qI#%$#&*5,-$ $3#$88$&#+,#'@'$#3.-$+,#)7.3)$3&+&.53#>,$#"7.3%&*,2&.53#K#"U2+6*602[[2\@46#"I+60-\E#H".=3$#pI/#J$% )$,1#853&#)532#(+*&.$#)7,3#'@'$#D"524#"$>,$"#$%&#$3&.A*$'$3&#$1:2,&:#%.#"$%#253).&.53%#&$%&:$%#+,1 ".=3$%#Y#{#c#%53&#-*+.$%/ 05,* # >,$ # "+ # (9*+%$ # ;#27$%& # ($,&E@&*$ #,3 # 2+3+*.#< # %5.& # +88.29:$4 #." # 8+,& # >,$ # "+ # -+*.+D"$ $'D*+329$'$3&#253&.$33$#;#-$*&:D*:%#<4#$&#>,$#"+#-+*.+D"$#2"+%%$#253&.$33$#;#5.%$+,1#</ t,+3&#6#"+#(9*+%$#)$#"+#".=3$#z4#$""$#$%&#+88.29:$#)+3%#&5,%#"$%#2+%4#(+*2$#>,7$""$#8+.&#(+*&.$#), '@'$#D"52#)7.3%&*,2&.53%#>,$#"+#".=3$#Y/ 8"D R()&N()5+*S@&)5+;)+5.2/%J)+-./012+ 8"D"# s5,&#2$#>,.#(*:2a)$#35,%#+'a3$#6#8+.*$#"$#(5.3&#%,*#>,$">,$%#*a="$%#)$#%?3&+1$#k T)5+&6:6/)5+;)5+625/*('/6125+)/+;)5+7&1'5+512/+;4>626)5+F%*+&%+:65)+)2+F%@) G+3%#)$#35'D*$,1#"+3=+=$%#)$#(*5=*+''+&.534#."#8+,&#&$*'.3$*#29+>,$#".=3$#)7.3%&*,2&.53%#(+*,3#2+*+2&A*$#%(:2.+"#H%5,-$3&#"$#(5.3&E-.*=,"$I/#L5,%#0?&9534#27$%&#"$#2+*+2&A*$#)$#8.3#)$#".=3$ Yp #>,. a5,$#2$#*x"$/#he5,%#-$**53%#(",%#"5.3#25''$3&#5,&*$(+%%$*#2$&&$#*a="$#(5,*#:&$3)*$#,3$#.3%&*,2&.53 25'("$1$ # %,* # (",%.$,*% # ".=3$%I/ # o3 # ($,& # :=+"$'$3& # &$*'.3$* #,3$ # ".=3$ # )7.3%&*,2&.53% # (+* #,3 25''$3&+.*$/#g3#25''$3&+.*$#0?&953#25''$32$#&5,a5,*%#(+*#"$#2+*+2&A*$#%(:2.+"#U#/#s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o3#253%$.""$#)532#6#&5,%#"$%#(*5=*+''$,*%#>,.#,&.".%$3&#2$%#"+3=+=$%#)$ %$#%$*-.*#*433'#)$%#%+,&%#6#"+#".=3$#$&#)$#"7.3)$3&+&.53#(5,*#D.$3#):".'.&$*#-.%,$""$'$3&#"$%#D"52%/ Yp F$#2+*+2&A*$#37+((+*+M&#3.#6#"7:2*+34#3.#%,*#"$%#".%&.3=%#.'(*.':%/#!"#$%&#2$($3)+3&#D.$3#(*:%$3&4#6#,3#(5.3&#&$"#>,7."#8+.& '@'$ # (*5D"A'$ # )+3% # 2$*&+.3% # 2+%4 # (+*2$ # >,7." # 37$%& # (+% # $325): # )$ # "+ # '@'$ # '+3.A*$ # (+* # &5,% # "$% # %?%&A'$% )7$1("5.&+&.53/#e5,%#$3#*$(+*"$*53%#(",%#"5.34#6#"7522+%.53#)$#35&*$#:&,)$#)$%#8.29.$*%#&$1&$#H(+=$#YYPI/ pc/#

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<"8 \&%71*%/612+;)+/%7&)5 R$25''$32$C#6#(*:%$3&#"$#(*$'.$*#$1$*2.2$4#'+.%#+-$2#"+#($&.&$#'5).8.2+&.53#2.E)$%%5,%#K >>> a = 0 >>> while a < 12:... a = a +1... print a, a**2, a**3 B5,%#)$-*.$C#5D&$3.*#"+#".%&$#)$%#2+**:%#$&#)$%#2,D$%#)$%#35'D*$%#)$#Y#6#Yc/ e5&$c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a,).2.$,%$'$3&#"74UU0@<4<"+# /$A<"BA0I/#G:2*.-$C#"$#'.$,1#(5%%.D"$#"$#*X"$#)$#29+2,3$#)$%#.3%&*,2&.53%/ >>> a, b, c = 1, 1, 1 >>> while c < 11 :... print b,... a, b, c = b, a+b, c+1 J5*%>,$#-5,%#"+32$C#"7$1:2,&.53#)$#2$#(*5=*+''$4#-5,%#5D&$3$C#K 1 2 3 5 8 13 21 34 55 89 J$%#&$*'$%#)$#"+#%,.&$#)$#]"J+#4@@"#%53&#+88.29:%#%,*#"+#'@'$#".=3$/#B5,%#5D&$3$C#2$#*:%,"&+& =*}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a5,*%#8+2."$4#"5.3#)$#"6/#05,*#-5,%#+.)$*#6#?#-5.*#(",% 2"+.*4#(*$3$C#"+#($.3$#)$#)$%%.3$*#%,*#(+(.$*#,3$#&+D"$#)7:&+&%#%.'."+.*$#6#2$""$#>,$#35,%#*$(*5),.%53% 2.E)$%%5,%#(5,*#35&*$#(*5=*+''$#;#%,.&$#)$#]"J+#4@@"#<#K B+*.+D"$% + D 2 B+"$,*%#.3.&.+"$% Y Y Y B+"$,*%#(*.%$% %,22$%%.-$'$3&4#+, 25,*%#)$%#.&:*+&.53% O1(*$%%.53#)$ *$'("+2$'$3& Y c c c p p p P q P l P /// /// /// D +\D 2\Y pf/

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