Introduction à la cartographie Web open source. Au-delà de Google Maps

Introduction à la cartographie Web open source Au-delà de Google Maps

Julien-Samuel Lacroix Mapgears jlacroix@mapgears.com

Géomatique 101 Navigation web Côté serveur Base de données

Géomatique 101

La géomatique en quelques mots Discipline ayant pour objet la gestion des données géographiques en faisant appel aux sciences et technologies reliées à l'acquisition le stockage le traitement et la diffusion... de données géographiques. (réf: OQLF)

La géomatique en 1000 mots Acquisition Diffusion Stockage Traitement et analyse

Google Maps Depuis 2005 La cartographie disponible pour tous Néogéographe vs Paléogéographe

Les logiciels libres en géomatique freegis.org 356 entrées OSGeo 14 projets logiciels + 7 en cours d'incubation

La cartographie web OpenLayers MapFish Fusion Acquisition (MapBuilder) MapServer GeoServer MapGuide Mapbender deegree geomajas GeoNetwork Stockage PostGIS GDAL/OGR FDO GEOS GeoTools MetaCRS Diffusion Traitement GRASS et analyse Quantum GIS gvsig OSSIM

La cartographie web Navigateur Application OpenLayers Services MapServer Données PostGIS

Côté serveur OpenLayers MapFish Fusion Acquisition (MapBuilder) MapServer GeoServer MapGuide Mapbender deegree geomajas GeoNetwork Stockage PostGIS GDAL/OGR FDO GEOS GeoTools MetaCRS Diffusion Traitement GRASS et analyse Quantum GIS gvsig OSSIM

MapServer Permet de construire ses propres cartes avec ses propres données géospatiales. MapServer lit des données géoréférencées et retourne des images standards dans le format désiré. Implémente les normes OGC : WMS WFS SLD GML KML

MapServer

MapServer

Configuration

Configuration

Configuration

Polyvalence Windows, Linux, Unix, Mac, etc Format de fichier d'entrée multiple via GDAL/OGR Standard OGC

Performance

Performance

Données? Shapefile : roads.shp roads.shx roads.dbf Fichiers statiques Attributs stockés dans un fichier DBF L'extension dbase de PHP est encore utile!!!

Base de données OpenLayers MapFish Fusion Acquisition (MapBuilder) MapServer GeoServer MapGuide Mapbender deegree geomajas GeoNetwork Stockage PostGIS GDAL/OGR FDO GEOS GeoTools MetaCRS Diffusion Traitement GRASS et analyse Quantum GIS gvsig OSSIM

PostGIS Base de données relationelle Ajout de nouveaux types spatiaux Opérateurs et fonctions géographiques - interrogation - édition - analyse Aussi puissant qu'un SIG

PostGIS Extension spatiale pour PostgreSQL Stockage, requête et manipulation d'objets spatiaux directement dans la base de données Suit la spécification OGC Simple Features for SQL Base de données relationnelle...

Jonction de 2 tables Table avec géométrie Table avec géométrie et attributs

Jonction de 2 tables

Jonction de 2 tables SELECT * FROM roads LEFT JOIN roads_attr ON roads.gid = roads_attr.gid;

PostGIS et MapServer LAYER CONNECTIONTYPE POSTGIS CONNECTION "host=yourhost dbname=db user=you password=pass port=pgport" DATA "the_geom FROM roads"...

PostGIS et MapServer LAYER CONNECTIONTYPE POSTGIS CONNECTION "host=yourhost dbname=db user=you password=pass port=pgport" DATA "the_geom FROM ( SELECT * FROM roads LEFT JOIN roads_attr ON roads.gid=roads_attr.gid ) as jointable...

Fonctions spatiales L'hôpital le plus proche?

SELECT distance(hospitals.the_geom,roads.the_geom) FROM hospitals, roads;

SELECT road.gid, road.street, min(distance(hospitals.the_geom,r.the_geom)) as min_distance FROM roads,hospitals GROUP BY road.gid, street;

CLASS EXPRESSION ([dist] < 1000) COLOR 0 255 0 END CLASS EXPRESSION ([dist] >= 1000 AND [dist] < 2000) COLOR 255 255 0 END CLASS EXPRESSION ([dist] >= 2000 AND [dist] < 4000) COLOR 192 192 0 END CLASS EXPRESSION ([dist] >= 4000) COLOR 255 0 0 END

PostGIS Il y a beaucoup de fonctions comme distance() http://postgis.refractions.net/docs/reference.html

OpenLayers http://openlayers.org/ Cartographie dynamique API complet Librairie JavaScript Aucune dépendance à un logiciel serveur Licence de type BSD Offre les fonctionnalités de base de navigation

À la base: JS function init(){ map = new OpenLayers.Map('map'); layer = new OpenLayers.Layer.WMS( "OpenLayers WMS", "http://vmap0.tiles.osgeo.org/wms/vmap0", {layers: 'basic'} ); map.addlayer(layer); }

Pour en faire plus

Sources de données GYMO KML Fichier texte WMS var map = new OpenLayers.Map({ div: "map", point title description icon layers: [ 10,20 my orange title my orange description new OpenLayers.Layer.WMS( 2,4 my aqua title my aqua description "WMS", "http://vmap0.tiles.osgeo.org/wms/vmap0", 42,-71 my purple title description<br/>is great {layers: "basic"} 47.543,-78.222 title description ), 46.789,-77.123 title2 description2 new OpenLayers.Layer.Vector("KML", { strategies: [new OpenLayers.Strategy.Fixed()], protocol: new OpenLayers.Protocol.HTTP({ url: "kml/lines.kml", format: new OpenLayers.Format.KML({ extractstyles: true, extractattributes: true, maxdepath: 2 }) }) }) ], center: new OpenLayers.LonLat(-112.169, 36.099), zoom: 11 });

Couches ArcGIS93Rest ArcIMS Boxes EventPane FixedZoomLevels GeoRSS GML Google Grid HTTPRequest Image KaMap KaMapCache MapGuide MapServer MapServer. Untiled Markers MultiMap PointTrack SphericalMercator Text TileCache TMS Vector RootContainer VirtualEarth WFS WMS WMS. Untiled WMS.Post WorldWind Yahoo XYZ Google/ v3.js WMTS Zoomify

Vecteurs Points, lignes, polygones, textes Formats multiples: GML GeoJSON KML Texte etc CSS Outils d'édition Outils d'analyse

Architecture

Attributs var aussie = new OpenLayers.Rule({ filter: new OpenLayers.Filter.Comparison({ type: OpenLayers.Filter.Comparison.LIKE, property: "location", value: "Australia" }), symbolizer: { fillcolor: "red" } });

Cluster

Control ArgParser Attribution Button DragFeature DragPan DrawFeature EditingToolbar GetFeature Graticule KeyboardDefaults LayerSwitcher Measure ModifyFeature MouseDefaults MousePosition MouseToolbar Navigation NavigationHistory NavToolbar OverviewMap Pan Panel PanPanel PanZoom PanZoomBar Permalink Scale ScaleLine SelectFeature SLDSelect Snapping Split TransformFeature WMSGetFeatureInfo WMTSGetFeatureInfo ZoomBox ZoomIn ZoomOut ZoomPanel ZoomToMaxExtent

Édition Disponible pour tous les types de géométrie Différents protocoles de sauvegarde : HTTP WFS SQL

Control ArgParser Attribution Button DragFeature DragPan DrawFeature EditingToolbar GetFeature Graticule KeyboardDefaults LayerSwitcher Measure ModifyFeature MouseDefaults MousePosition MouseToolbar Navigation NavigationHistory NavToolbar OverviewMap Pan Panel PanPanel PanZoom PanZoomBar Permalink Scale ScaleLine SelectFeature SLDSelect Snapping Split TransformFeature WMSGetFeatureInfo WMTSGetFeatureInfo ZoomBox ZoomIn ZoomOut ZoomPanel ZoomToMaxExtent

Documentation Documentation de l'api Listes de discussion très actives (Users, Dev) - Plusieurs centaines de messages par mois sur 2 listes Exemples!

Exemples OpenLayers Accessible OpenLayers Document Drag GML Parser All Overlays with Google and OSM Double Set Center Google with Overlay OpenLayers Overlays Only Drag Feature Google (v3) alloverlays Layer map.panto OpenLayers Draw Feature Google (v3) Layer ArcGIS Server 9.3 Rest API Dynamic POIs via a Text Layer Google Layer ArcIMS Thematic Editing Toolbar Named Graphics ArcIMS Event Handling Graticule Attribution OpenLayers Gutter Base Layers Filter Strategy OpenLayers Select and Highlight Feature Vector Behavior (Fixed/HTTP/GML) Filter Encoding Hover Handler Bing Fractional Zoom Image Layer Boxes Full Screen OpenLayers Geometry Intersection Showing Browser Name GeoJSON KaMap Buffer GeoRSS from Flickr in OpenLayers KML Layer Canvas Renderer GeoRSS Marker Parsing gx:track in KML Click Handler GeoRSS KML Parser Click Event WFS GetFeature (GeoServer) Late Rendering Map Controls Feature Info Layer Opacity Custom Control Feature Info in Popup Layer Load Monitoring Custom Style Feature Info Layer Switcher Debug GML Layer Basic Single WMS

Paging Strategy Rule Based Style StyleMap Feature Styles Exemples OpenLayers MapGuide Layer Advanced OSM Layer Snapping MapServer Layer Basic OSM SOS client MapServer Single Tile Mode Overview Map OpenLayers Spherical Mercator Resize a Marker Pan and Zoom Panels OpenLayers Split Feature Markers Layer Custom Control.Panel BBOX Strategy Using a Layer.Text to display markers GeoRSS PointTrack in OpenLayers Cluster Strategy Threshold OpenLayers Measure Popup Matrix Cluster Strategy MultiMap Popup Mayhem Paging Strategy OpenLayers Modify Feature Layer Projections Rule Based Style MousePosition Control Gears Protocol StyleMap OpenLayers Mousewheel Interval OpenLayers Regular Polygon Feature Styles MultiMap Mercator Resize Features Programatically Rotation Style Multiple Server URLS OpenLayers Restricted Extent Unique Value Styles Navigation Control Rotate vector features OSM + Google Maps + KML Reprojection Map Navigation History Open Popup on Layer.Vector KML Layer A navtoolbar with an alwayszoom ZoomBox OpenLayers Select Feature OpenLayers Navigation Toolbar: Outside the Map Setting a Visual Extent Map "Teleportation" and Rendering NavToolbar Demo SLD Parser TileCache Untiled Styled Layer Descriptor (SLD) Tiled Map Service Z-Index/Y-Order SLD based selection on WMS layers Vector Feature Transformation Box OSM and Google Togethe Snapping & Splitting Transition WorldWind layers Snapping WorldWind Wrapping the Date Line SOS client Virtual Earth XHTML OpenLayers Spherical Mercator Virtual Earth XML Format OpenLayers Split Feature OpenLayers Labeled features Basic ESRI Map Cache BBOX Strategy Drawing Simple Vector Features Yahoo Base Layer Cluster Strategy Threshold Vector Formats Zoomify Layer Cluster Strategy OpenLayers Spherical Mercator Zoom Level Rotation Style Unique Value Styles OSM + Google Maps + KML Reprojection KML Layer Map "Teleportation" and Rendering TileCache Tiled Map Service Vector Feature Transformation Box Transition WorldWind XYZ Layer with Offset Virtual Earth OpenLayers Labeled features Drawing Simple Vector Features Vector Formats OpenLayers Spherical Mercator WFS Protocol and Filter WFS Transaction Vector Behavior WFS Reprojection Snap/Split and Persist via WFS WFS United States (GeoServer) WMC WMS Untiled WMS version 1.3 (axis order) WMS WMSDescribeLayer Parser Basic WMS via HTTP-POST protocol with a large SLD included WMS Time Web Map Tile Service (WMTS) Capabilities Parsing WMTS GetFeatureInfo Control Web Map Tile Service (WMTS) Layer

OpenLayers + + =

Interface usager riche Toolbars Window AJAX Menu Tree Tab Combo Grid Layout Panel

Concept Absence de la composante géospatiale dans ExtJS Absence des concepts pour les applications riches dans OpenLayers Présence de la carte dans un panel ExtJS Encapsulement des objets d'openlayers dans des composantes data d'extjs

MapPanel new Ext.Window({ title: "GeoExt in Action", height: 280, width: 450, layout: "fit", items: [{ xtype: "gx_mappanel", Layers: [ new OpenLayers.Layer.WMS( "Global Imagery", "http://maps.opengeo.org/geowebcache/service/wms", {layers: "bluemarble"} ) ], zoom: 1 }] }).show();

MapPanel

Exemples GeoExt Attribute Form Attribute Store & Reader Grid with Features Layer Tree Layer Opacity Slider Legend Panel Map Panel Map Panel (in a Viewport) Map Panel (in a Window) Permalink Feature Popup Modifying Popups Interactive Print Extent Print Your Map Print Preview Window Feature Renderer Filter Form Panel Toolbar with Actions Tree Nodes Tree Legend Vector Legend WMS Capabilities Store WMS Capabilities Tree Scale Chooser Zoom Slider

Questions?

Julien-Samuel Lacroix Mapgears jlacroix@mapgears.com