THE INPUT FROM LE HAVRE PORT AUTHORITY TO THE AIR QUALITY Contents 1- Port s s context 2 - Ships emissions + Port handling s emissions 3 Expectations from efforts Jean-Paul Raffini Le Havre- September 2009
Shipping could kill 60 000 deaths! Published online inthe Environmental Science and Technology, a journal of the American Chemical Society A study (2007) from Delaware Rochester (US) Wessling (G) Sulfur emissions from shipping = 8% Sulfur emissions from fossil fuels More concentrated impacts on coastal areas 25 000 deaths (Europe) 20 000 (East Asia), 10 000 (south Asia), 5 000 (North America), Africa? forecasts 2012 : + 40 %
Implementing the air protection plan Law on air quality (1996) reconnaît à chacun le droit de respirer un air qui ne nuise pas à sa santé Urban Transport City Plan fixe l organisation mise en place dans l agglomération pour faciliter et fluidifier les transports de marchandises et de personnes Regional plan for air quality Air Protection Plan fixe les grandes orientations de la politique régionale pour réduire la pollution atmosphérique à moyen terme a pour but de ramener dans l agglomération la concentration des polluants à un niveau inférieur aux valeurs limites réglementaires
The input of LHPA to the Air Protection Plan In charge of 4 ACTIONS : Follow-up of ship emissions (SO2, NOx, Particulates, CO-CO2- VOC ) Follow-up of port operations emissions(nox, HC, PM, CO) Reduction of VOC emissions during the tankers loading Encourage the use by ships of low sulphur fuel
MONITORING THE AIR QUALITY 22 stations in the estuary Pollutants: SO2 Stations de mesure MON GRV NOx PM Ozone CO STA MAR HRI REP LE HAVRE MAS NEI CAU HAR GOR SET ROM RNO VIG SRC CRL TAN QUI LIL PJZ NDG TDF Métaux VOC Hydrocarbons Black smokes HON 10 stations industrielles : ZIP du Havre, Port Jérôme, ND de Gravenchon 6 stations urbaines : Le Havre (4), Ste Adresse, Harfleur 3 stations périurbaines 0 : Montivilliers, St Romain, 10Touques km 1 station de trafic : cours de la République 1 station d observation : Honfleur 1 station rurale : forêt de Brotonne BER Measurements each 15 mn. Carte issue de ROUTE 500 (R) - IGN - Paris - 2002 BRO
Ships emissions Modelling done by Method of calculation : US EPA Type de bateau Bulk carriers Gros porteurs Container ships Porte-conteneurs General cargo ships Cargos Passenger s ships Paquebots et ferries Refrigerated cargos ships Cargos frigorifiques Roll-on, roll-off: RO-RO Rouliers Tankers Pétroliers Type de navigation Cruise Croisière Slow Cruise Croisière lente Maneuvering Manœuvre Hoteling Stationnement à quai Aux maneuvering Utilisation des moteurs auxiliaires Aux-slow cruise Rade Navires en attente Puissance des moteurs principaux et auxiliaires Puissance déterminée en fonction du type de navires et de sa navigation Port en lourd Tonnage maximal que peut transporter un navire
Ships emissions Geographic perimeter
Ships emissions BALANCE Sum SO2 Sum NOx Sum CO Sum PM_tot Sum PM10 Sum PM2,5 Sum VOC Sum CO2 2005 7 882 10 050 1 911 361 296 272 326 744 965
Ships emissions OUTSIDE THE DYKES 50% INSIDE THE DYKES
Ships emissions Transport routier 3% Transport maritime 9% Agriculture 1% maritime transport in air pollutions Résidentiel 6% Tertiaire 13% Résidentiel 0.51% Industrie 68% Transport maritime 9.78% Agriculture 0.01% Tertiaire 4.72% Fine particles (PM10) Transport routier 4.4% Transport maritime 17.4% Agriculture 0.2% Industrie 84.98% Sulfur dioxide (SO2) Résidentiel 1.6% Tertiaire 7.3% Industrie 69.1% Nitrogen dioxyde (NO2) Input > 10 %!
Port Handling s emissions 9% of emissions are ships related 3 terminals contribute for 80% of emissions CO2 : 22 000 T (3% of emissions are ships related)
Expectations from Efforts Bring alternatives to OPS for inland navigation or during ship maneuvering actions inside the port manufacture a device to decrease air pollution (exhaust gas or straddle carrier exhaust pipes). => Create port/shipowner opportunity for partnership or prototype
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