CLIQUEZ ET MODIFIEZ LE TITRE

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1 IUFRO International Congress, Nice 2015 Global challenges of air pollution and climate change to the public forest management in France Cliquez pour modifier le style des sous-titres du masque Manuel Nicolas (ONF, Département recherche, développement, innovation)

2 Concerns about forest decline 2 Foresters have been greatly concerned about the impacts of atmospheric pollutions on forest decline From acid rain Foliage yellowing due to Mg deficiency on acid soils Cliquez pour modifier le style des sous-titres du masque

3 Concerns about forest decline 3 Foresters have been greatly concerned about the impacts of atmospheric pollutions on forest decline From acid rain To climate change Difference with average temperature ( C) Projected climatic niche of European beech (probability of presence) (Badeau, 2004) Cliquez pour modifier le style des sous-titres du masque Currently 2100

4 Complex interactions 4? Actually atmospheric pollution can result in multiple effects on forest ecosystems Atmospheric factors Climate (average conditions, events) Forest parameters Trees (health, growth, phenology, reproduction, foliar chemistry ) Deposition (acidity, N, nutrients, heavy Soil properties (acidity, metals ) nutrient and C stocks ) Cliquez pour modifier le style des sous-titres du masque Ozone? Species communities (plants, pests, soil biodiversity )?

5 Complex interactions 5 Atmospheric pollution can also have some positive effects on forest ecosystems, that may in turn contribute to climate change mitigation Increase in height growth of oak trees in Northern France (Bontemps, 2006) In France, forest productivity increased over the 20th century Likely as a result of changes in atmospheric conditions (increasing N Cliquez deposition, pour CO modifier le style des sous-titres du masque 2 content, mean temperature)

6 Contrasted forest sensitivity 6 A wide range of ecological conditions: Climate CLIQUEZ ET MODIFIEZ forest LE types TITRE Soil condition Main tree species Land use history Current climatic (Badeau et al., 2010) Contrasted sensitivity of forest ecosystems Cliquez pour to environmental modifier le style des sous-titres du masque changes Soil ph bioindicated by forest plants (LERFOB-IGN)

7 Challenges to ONF 7 Sustainable and multi-functional management of the public forests Public forests (owned by the state or by local authorities) = 4.7 Million ha = 27 % of forest area = 8.5 % of national area Supplying economy with wood (40 % of volume sold in France) Maintaining proper installation for forest visitors (ca. 500 Million visits per year) Preserving biodiversity through protected areas (1.25 Million ha covered by Natura 2000 areas, ha of biological reserves) Cliquez Assignments pour modifier relating le style to general des sous-titres interest (e.g. du masque risk control in mountains and coastal dunes) in changing and uncertain environmental conditions

8 Challenges to ONF 8 Adaptation to climate change Will forest stands be able to survive, grow, and reproduce? Where will be located the critical situations? What alternative tree species/material could be used in such situations? How management practices can enhance the future adaptation of forest stands? Climate change mitigation Cliquez How pour to respond modifier to le the style increasing des sous-titres demand du for masque wood while maintaining forest management sustainable?

9 R&D activities: an overview 9 Bridging research and forest management: Monitoring research and technological development Establishing partnerships with research institutes (INRA, Irstea, FCBA, Universities ) Contributing to field studies in response to practical needs or to assignments relating to general Cliquez interest pour (e.g. modifier forest le monitoring, style des sous-titres du masque genetic resources) Transferring research knowledge to foresters (guidelines, technical journal )

10 Concentration in bulk and throughfall deposition (mg/l) R&D activities: an overview 10 Monitoring environmental changes and forest responses Long-term monitoring of forest CLIQUEZ ecosystems (ICP ET Forests MODIFIEZ level II, LE TITRE RENECOFOR) Contribution to forest tree health surveys S-SO 4 N-NO 3 + N-NH 4 Cliquez pour modifier le style des sous-titres du masque

11 R&D activities: an overview 11 Testing management practices (field experiments) Silviculture: testing contrasted CLIQUEZ modalities of stand ET density, MODIFIEZ tree LE TITRE species mixture Improving forest regeneration techniques Experimenting intensive harvesting with nutrient (wood Cliquez ash) pour feedback modifier le style des sous-titres du masque Mechanized forest work: increasing productivity, controlling impacts

12 R&D activities: an overview 12 Genetics: conserving, testing and developing forest tree materials Understanding forest genetic CLIQUEZ diversity and the ET effects MODIFIEZ of LE TITRE management practices In situ and ex situ conservation of rare genetic resources Testing the adaptation of various tree materials to environmental Cliquez conditions pour modifier (arboreta ) le style des sous-titres du masque

13 R&D activities: an overview 13 Developing tools for forest management Computing LIDAR data Forest resource inventory Supporting data for improving road access Improving indicators for the determination and mapping of ecological conditions Cliquez Modeling pour modifier growth as le a style basis des sous-titres du masque of silviculture guidelines

14 14 Thank you for your attention Cliquez pour modifier le style des sous-titres du masque