La prise de décision des joueurs de sports collectifs. Une démarche de recherche pour la conception de dispositifs de formation

Transcription

1 Campus Excellence Sportive Bretagne La prise de décision des joueurs de sports collectifs. Une démarche de recherche pour la conception de dispositifs de formation Cyril BOSSARD MCF Faculté des Sports et Education Physique Brest 28 mai 2015 Séminaire CES - BZH Brest 2015 UBO /CREAD/CERV

2 Intro Contexte Contexte scientifique Centre Européen de Réalité Virtuelle Modéliser la complexité Concevoir des Environnements Virtuels. de Formation Analyser l activité humaine en situation naturelle = aide (ou préalable) à la conception ARéViRoad SécuRéVi UBO /CREAD/CERV 2

3 Intro Objectifs Les enjeux o Scientifique : Étudier un phénomène complexe : l activité décisionnelle en situation dynamique collaborative Couplage individu-situation Contexte naturel o Méthodologique : Rendre compte de l expérience vécue Accompagner la conception de simulation participative CoPeFoot (Collective Perception Football) Enrichir les comportements Évaluer sa crédibilité UBO /CREAD/CERV 3

4 Programme de recherche Intro Démarche Analyse et modélisation Conception Activité Modèle informatique Outil Environnement Virtuel Expérimentation Simulation Evaluation UBO /CREAD/CERV 4

5 1. Analyse activité Décision Décision en situation de compétition o Football : Bossard & Kermarrec (2010) Bossard et al. (2011) Kermarrec & Bossard (2014) o Hockey sur glace (Bossard et al., 2010) UBO /CREAD/CERV 5

6 Recueil des données 1. Analyse activité Méthodologie Données extrinsèques Enregistrement audio et vidéo des comportements Données intrinsèques Verbalisations recueillies a posteriori o Entretiens : Auto-confrontation individuel (Theureau, 2010) Re-situ Subjectif (Rix-Lelièvre, 2012) UBO /CREAD/CERV 6

7 2. Conception Modèle info Enrichir le modèle des agents Contexte CBR Elaboration Physical perception Objects & Distances Perceptions filter Base de cas Schéma Situation vécue CBR Adaptation Scénarii UBO /CREAD/CERV 7

8 3. Simulation Cadre théorique Les principes de la réalité virtuelle virus informatique théâtre virtuel cinéma 3D autonomie fiction interactive réalité virtuelle jeu vidéo interaction 1 immersion cyril.bossard@univ-brest.fr simulateur de transport Séminaire CES - BZH Brest 2015 UBO /CREAD/CERV 8

9 4. Outil Expérimentation Cardin Y. et al. - Decision-Making in a Football Virtual Environment La réalité virtuelle : un nouvel outil d expérimentation o Effets des changements de point de vue Cardin Y. et al. - Decision-Making in a F of a typical football training: a game of three versus three on a small field (30x40m) with a goal on both sides of a typical football training: a game of three versus thre (1.50 m). (1.50 m). The experiment was conducted in four phases. First, the players participated in a phase of training session The that experiment was conducted in four phases. First, the lasted about 20 minutes during which players were able to familiarize themselves with the software commands. lasted about 20 minutes during which players were able t Then, the study strictly speaking consisted of three phases of 5 minutes during which the players competed Then, on the study strictly speaking consisted of three phase the network with different viewpoints. The first sequence was played in immersive view (view called "first the network with different viewpoints. The first sequen person") during which participants adopted the viewpoint of the avatar they led (Image 1). The second sequence person") during which participants adopted the viewpoint took place in external view, then all subjects with the same raised viewpoint allowing them to see the field took as a place in external view, then all subjects with the sam whole (Image 2). Finally, during the third sequence, each player freely adopted one of these two viewpoints whole to (Image 2). Finally, during the third sequence, each play. play. Décision dans le virtuel o Football (Cardin et al., 2013) Image 1: Immersive view Image 2: External view Image 1: Immersive view Data collection Data collection During the experiment, two types of data were collected. First, observational data corresponding to the virtual During the experiment, two types of data were collected. recording by the simulator of all the game sequences between the six players, allowing to replay at will all recording the by the simulator of all the game sequences betw actions carried out during the match. actions carried out during the match. Then, verbalization data collected during individual self-confrontation interviews (Theureau, 2010) conducted Then, verbalization data collected during individual selfduring about one hour at the end or the day following t during about one hour at the end or the day following the experience on CoPeFoot. During these interviews, conducted by the same person, the investigator and the player watched together virtual recordings of the three conducted by the same person, the investigator and the p game sequences following the own viewpoint of the player. This confrontation with virtual records of game his sequences following the own viewpoint of the p activity aims to promote the recall of elements actually mobilized by the player during the game sequences activity aims to promote the recall of elements actually studied. The researcher attempts to place the player in a posture and a mental state favourable for the explanation studied. The researcher attempts to place the player in a po of his decisions through reminders on the sensations, perceptions, focalisations, concerns, emotions and thoughts of his decisions through reminders on the sensations, perce that accompany each decision. During these interviews, the subject was then asked to describe and comment that on accompany each decision. During these interviews, th his activity. The reminders focused on the actions that were significant (and therefore described and explained his activity. The reminders focused on the actions that w by the players) in the game sequences and on the events for which the researcher wanted to obtain additional by the players) in the game sequences and on the events information. Sharing a common sports culture between the researcher and the players has facilitated information. the Sharing a common sports culture between understanding of the comments of the protagonists and has avoided the reminders leading to an explanatory understanding of the comments of the protagonists and style. This kind of interview is based on a true moral contract of cooperation between the players and style. the This kind of interview is based on a true moral researcher. researcher. o Evaluer le modèle de joueur virtuel o Tester sa crédibilité Data analysis Data analysis Finally, the analysis of the data was carried out in five steps. At first, the data transcription that is to prepare Finally, the analysis of the data was carried out in five s them by linking the behaviours observed in the game recordings with the data obtained during self-confrontation them by linking the behaviours observed in the game reco interviews. The second step was to select and identify meaningful units, that is to say observed behaviours UBO interviews. and /CREAD/CERV The second step was to select 9 and identify me

10 Conclusion Perspectives Perspectives o Scientifiques : Décision et impact des affects L influence du collectif Formes et contenus du partage en situation de compétition o Handball : De Keukelaere et al., (2013) Sentiment de performance collective o Handball : De Keukelaere et al., (2014) UBO /CREAD/CERV 10

11 Conclusion Perspectives Perspectives o Pour la formation des joueurs : Dispositifs de réalité virtuelle o Pour la formation des entraineurs : Exploitation des travaux : comprendre Exploitation des méthodes : Formation aux débriefings UBO /CREAD/CERV 11

12 Campus Excellence Sportive Bretagne La prise de décision des joueurs de sports collectifs. Une démarche de recherche pour la conception de dispositifs de formation Cyril BOSSARD MCF Faculté des Sports et Education Physique Brest 28 mai 2015 Séminaire CES - BZH Brest 2015 UBO /CREAD/CERV