2010-2012. Support the Fondation Chirac. 2010-2012 Activity Report. www.fondationchirac.eu

2010-2012 Activity Report By the middle of the 21 st century, the world s population will have reached 9 billion people. If we do not take action, we will condemn our children to living on a disfigured planet, to confronting the rising threat of conflicts over scarce resources. Jacques Chirac, Fontainebleau, November 3, 1998 2010-2012 Support the Fondation Chirac www.fondationchirac.eu

A WORD FROM PREsident Jacques Chirac Our world is suffering from a crisis across several fronts: political, economic, social, cultural, ecological. If we do not act now, the gap will further widen between those left behind by globalization and those who are able to follow the movement. The world has entered the digital age and yet over one billion people still do not have enough food to eat; 884 million people lack access to improved water sources. These figures illustrate the scandal inherent in the violation of these basic rights, in the sacrifice of these lives. People continue to die of malnutrition, especially young children. Every year, millions of people die of thirst or waterrelated diseases; they are victims of this silent tragedy. Solutions do exist. They require we all work together: decision-making bodies - States, International Organizations, Communities - and of course civil society. In October 2011, my Fondation focused on highlighting these solutions for the Sahel, a region troubled by political tensions, affected by climate change, and undermined by difficult access to water and food. We organized a forum of solidarity for water in the Niger basin and presented the resulting solutions at the sixth World Water Forum in Marseille. The Fondation s incessant pleas for the United Nation to recognize the right to clean water and sanitation as a universal human right have had positive results. Advocacy efforts will be pursued to ensure that universal access to this basic right will become a reality. Africa is also the major crossroad of a vile traffic, that of falsified medicines. The Fondation continues to tirelessly battle this trade, joining forces with its partners. I hope that this traffic, that affects the most vulnerable of us all, the sick, will be finally criminalized, particularly through the application of the MEDI- CRIME Convention developed by the Council of Europe. This must be done so that those who benefit from the suffering of others be sentenced in adequation with what I unhesitatingly deem as health assaults. The Fondation has also strengthened its ties with its partner, the Pan- African Organization for Health, which in its outpatient treatment centers in Africa, focuses on maternal and child health, including preventing mother-tochild HIV/AIDS transmission. Rights closely related to water, health, and nutrition urgently need to become realities. In order for the most vulnerable populations - poor farmers, women, indigenous peoples - to freely earn a dignified livelihood, it is important to guarantee the right to food and to equitable access to arable land and forest resources. This is why the Fondation also works with The Forest Trust, in its struggle to curtail uncontrolled deforestation, and with the Council of Notaries, so that property rights are recognized for the most fragile populations. In 2012, the Fondation Board is focusing its advocacy on the urgent need to establish good practices and greater transparency in large-scale financial transactions over land. As for cultural diversity, it is the unquestionable hallmark of pacified societies based on respect for the Other. With support from the Fondation, the association Sorosoro, so the languages of the world may live on! has identified many endangered languages. After a three year partnership, the Fondation plans to expand the program by strengthening its links with other associations, offering them greater visibility. Respect for cultural diversity as the pillar of peace, and peace as a condition for sustainable development, this is the vision that upholds each of the Fondation s projects. For this reason, I am particularly pleased that preparations are under way for the fourth edition of the Prize for Conflict Prevention that honors women and men of courage and determination as was the case in 2009 for Pastor James Wuye, Imam Ashafa and Park Jae-kyu; in 2010 for Mario Giro and Lakhdar Brahimi; and in 2011 for Marguerite Barankitse and Louise Arbour. They are exemplary figures of humanity and we are all proud to honor their work. Jacques Chirac fondation chirac / 2010-2012 : working for peace 1

CONTENTS A WORD FROM PRESIDENT JACQUES CHIRAC p.1 A WORD FROM THE FOUNDERS p.4 THE FONDATION CHIRAC p.6 A word from the Managing Director p.6 Working for PEACE p.7 - Jacques Chirac s plea p.7 - Jacques Chirac s commitments for development p.8 ABOUT THE FONDATION p.10 - Milestones / Statutes p.10 - Commitments / The Fondation and its partners p.11 - Two years of work p.12 - Programs / 2012 budget plan p.13 - www.fondationchirac.eu p.14 THE PRIZE FOR CONFLICT PREVENTION p.16 - How does it work? p.17-2012 JURY p.18-2012 Committee of Experts p.19 - Partners p.21 THE LAUREATES P.22-2010 P.22-2011 P.24 - Focus on the laureates P.26 MEDIA AND CONFLICT PREVENTION P.27 ACCESS TO WATER AND SANITATION p.28 THE RIGHT TO WATER p.30 - AquaOrbi, field partner p.31 ACHIEVEMENTS p.32 - From Bamako... to Marseille p.32 DECENTRALISED COOPERATION / Partners p.35 2

ACCESS TO QUALITY MEDICINES AND HEALTHCARE p.36 MOBILIZATION p.38 - The Cotonou Declaration P.38 - Falsified medicines, how to fight them? P.39 - International bodies / French Ministry of Foreign Affairs P.40 FIELD WORK p.41 - With the OPALS P.41 AWARENESS p.42 Partners p.43 ACCESS TO LAND RESOURCES p.44 - Stakes / Landmarks P.45 THREATS TO NATURE AND TO MaN p.46 ANSWERS p.47 - Establishing dialogue between actors and training local experts P.47 - Influencing the economy, educating architects P.48 - Land rights P.49 PARTNERS p.51 DEFENDING CULTURAL DIVERSITY p.52 ENDANGERED LANGUAGES p.53 ANSWERS p.54 KEY DATES / Partners p.55 THE FONDATION CHIRAC p.56 HOW THE FONDATION WORKS P.57 - The Honor Committee p.57 - The Board of Directors p.58 - Permanent Staff / The Partner Committee p.59 A WORD from THE DONORS p.60 THE DONORS p.62 fondation chirac / 2010-2012 : working for peace 3

a word from the founders The Fondation Chirac chose to be a foundation for advocacy, focused on education to further conflict prevention. This is a sensitive subject, with many dimensions and multiple implications, which the President outlined clearly in his inaugural address. The Fondation s contribution lies in the relationship between the need to preserve cultural and biological diversity and conflict prevention. This is a vast field and little has been done. We have proven this with our work with certain populations in the Congo for example. In the key field of fighting against falsified medicines, the Fondation has enabled breakthroughs, thanks to its partnership with highly committed private and public actors. The issue is now discussed at the highest political level. Steps have been taken. The Cotonou Declaration and support for Benin s quality control laboratory for medicines, undertaken in conjunction with the Fondation Pierre Fabre, have allowed the international community to mobilize against a previously ignored scourge. By raising awareness, the Fondation remains true to President Chirac s efforts and his fight for peace. I believe the Fondation has kept its promises thus far on these issues. Valérie Terranova When I returned from Washington D.C., after thirteen years as Managing Director of the International Monetary Fund, I was greatly honored by President Chirac s appointment as his personal representative for the New Partnership for Africa s economic development. I found myself in the ideal position to measure his sincerity, the depth of his commitment to the development of Africa and to poor countries in general, as well as to better appreciate the magnitude of his vision of major global problems, such as the environment, cultural encounters, defending peace... Like many of those who have had the privilege of being associated with his efforts, I consider it highly worthwhile to develop an instrument that helps perpetuate - even modestly - the insights and efforts he has undertaken. I therefore did not hesitate to accept leadership of a team invested with the creation of a charitable foundation. The cause was so clear that it was established in record time. A single memory is enough to illustrate how the Fondation was received. It was my responsibility to contact some twenty international figures at the highest levels - Heads of State or intellectuals of the highest rank - to ask if they would join an Honor Committee to help define our goals and strategies. I only had twenty calls to make. I received a clear, resounding yes twenty times. That says it all. Michel Camdessus 4

Throughout President Chirac s political career, especially during his two terms as France s President, he has always branded his desire to prevent or resolve conflicts within the UN framework with his international commitment. He has clearly demonstrated his respect for cultures from all the different continents, for their diversity and their own history, through his knowledge of them. This is illustrated notably by the creation of the Musée du Quai Branly, his support of the Musée Guimet, and for the new departments of Islamic Art and primitive art at the Louvre. Finally, he has consistently emphasized his concern for major issues such as poverty, health, and the environment, including the survival of the planet; never hesitating to recommend original and prescient means of funding to cope. After having fulfilled his responsibilities as head of state, he wanted to pursue his commitment through his Fondation, particularly by rewarding women and men who act in the service of peace, overcoming ethnic, cultural or religious divides through field efforts that often remain ignored. After representing my country in the Middle and Far East, when President Chirac asked me to join at the outset his Fondation, he was allowing me to continue serving the key ideas that uphold his efforts, at a more modest and yet equally symbolic level. Jean-Pierre Lafon In November 2007, the Fondation Chirac pledged to work for peace, sustainable development, and dialogue among peoples, to continue President Chirac s fight to ensure that peace prevailed over factors of war around the world. Since then, the Fondation has worked hard advocating for peace, trying to raise awareness so that conflict prevention becomes a collective, worldwide axiom. Preventing conflicts means acting collectively on a daily basis for the respect of cultures and their environment, for access to drinking water and quality healthcare for each human being. The Fondation programs were thus defined. Since its inception, they have been deployed vigorously and with steadfast commitment; and through a multitude of events, they have led public and private actors to become more aware, to work so that peace prevails over the forces of war. Of these programs, I am singling out the Fondation Chirac Prize for Conflict Prevention that honors each year, women and men who embody its core values through their actions in favor of peace, dialogue between peoples, and through their respect for others. The award ceremony is now a much anticipated event; applauded here in France and beyond. This recognition is proof of how appropriate the Fondation Chirac s vision has turned out to be in the service of peace, as well as of the success of its efforts. René Ricol In his political career, President Chirac always strove to maintain cultural pluralism, through a dialogue between cultures, the respect of individual identity, and social peace. The creation of the Fondation pour le Droit Continental, in which I participated, is only one illustration of his political achievements. I was therefore very pleased to be able to share the humanism that guided his political career, by contributing to the creation of the Fondation Chirac. I saw doors open quickly: the concerned ministries - Interior, Environment, and Foreign Affairs - all gave their approval. The relevance of its goal, the coherence of its programs, and the means of action to implement them were approved. The Fondation Chirac was the object of a decree several months later, on March 7, 2008, recognizing it as a non-governmental, State-approved Foundation and conferring upon it the status of a host foundation. Today, this Fondation plays a special role in the landscape of French and European non-governmental organizations. As a foundation of a former head of state, it has demonstrated its ability to promote dialogue, exchange ideas, techniques, and values between traditional NGOs, directors of State institutions, and international organizations in an effort to build joint projects in favor of sustainable development. Bernard Vatier fondation chirac / 2010-2012 : working for peace 5

The Fondation chirac For the past four years, the Fondation Chirac has developed programs that fight to ensure universal access for every human being to water and sanitation, to quality medicines and healthcare, to equitable access to land resources, and for the respect of every culture and language in an approach that has been planned and formulated by a former head of state: the defense of cultural diversity and sustainable development are intimately linked and are the necessary conditions for building a peaceful world. President Jacques Chirac s Fondation is based as much on his humanist vision as it is on his many, forceful commitments to these basic human rights, his vision s ability to mobilize others to create the conditions required for dialogue, and his capacity to federate entities around concrete actions that promote the shared and equitable management of natural resources. This non-governmental, humanitarian organization works on several axes: organizing conferences, seminars, and events to facilitate dialogue and solidarity between different actors; updating activity information using its website and the print edition of its newsletters. Flexible decision-making structures, which rely on internationally recognized figures and leading experts who all volunteer their expertise as well as on a permanent team, select field efforts for each of the programs. The process has proven that the Fondation Chirac has strengthened its position on the issue of conflict prevention. The Prize best illustrates this position. It is awarded annually to a person who has dedicated his life to resolving conflicts between political, religious, or ethnic communities. There exists many other examples of the Fondation Chirac s positioning, examples of field activities that are acknowledged and applauded by those involved with development. In the field of health, the Cotonou Declaration, launched by the President in October 2009, initiated a merciless battle against falsified medicines. The Declaration was followed by mobilization at all levels against this scourge. One example was the Ouagadougou round table in September 2011. This large scale meeting gathered together all stakeholders to define a regional strategy Plan that would unite both public and private partners in West Africa against this crime. The Forum Solidarity for water in Niger Basin countries is another example of the Fondation Chirac s mobilizing capacities and influence. It was held in Bamako in October 2011 in partnership with the Republic of Mali. It brought together heads of state as well as political, economic, and civil society leaders in favor of the right to water, a right that was recognized as a fundamental human right by the UN in July 2010. The Fondation is committed to defending this right and so chose the Sahel, a fragile region that is even more vulnerable today as it suffers under the grip of violent tensions. This progress report will detail other actions undertaken by the Fondation Chirac. In 2012, it intends to expand its effort to advocate for access to land, another fundamental human right as well as being a prerequisite for food security. This right has become tenuous as massive investments in arable lands have been undertaken just as the effects of climate change have made themselves felt. It is urgently necessary to demand investors to respect a code of conduct in order to protect farm lands, water, and forest resources, as well as to defend the rights of concerned populations. In order to better establish its advocacy campaigns and efforts, the Fondation Chirac is committed to forging productive partnerships with other foundations and institutions, both in France - Pierre Fabre Foundation, Mérieux Foundation - and abroad - Qatar Foundation, Gates Foundation. These relationships are destined to deepen, develop, and grow. It is within such a framework, aided by its group of experts, its partnerships, and its supportive network, that the Fondation Chirac seeks out the solutions most adapted to the needs of the poorest populations. Through its programs, the Fondation helps prevent conflicts, thus saving lives, and contributes to creating a more just and equitable world. Catherine Joubert Managing Director 6

WORKING FOR PEACE Launched June 9, 2008 at the Musée du Quai Branly, the Fondation Chirac prolongs Jacques Chirac s advocacy in favor of access to basic rights for every human being, as well as seeking dialogue and peace between peoples. Defending cultural diversity, ensuring access to water and sanitation, access to land resources, access to quality healthcare for all, these programs all share a core foundation: conflict prevention. For Jacques Chirac, sustainable development is the only guarantee for a peaceful world. During major international events, the President has consistently argued for increased respect for human rights and for greater equity in the distribution of the planet s resources. His pleas are to ensure that those who have been abandoned by globalization are not further relegated to the margins, but rather that they be given the opportunity to live in dignity. Jacques Chirac s Plea What is at stake is the definition and implementation of a global code of ethics capable of becoming the foundation of the future of humanity because it will not erase its origins nor its ties with nature. UN Commission on Human Rights, Geneva, March 30, 2001 Cultural diversity is the sole response to the sort of globalization that flattens cultures. Such a diversity must be rooted in the belief that every nation has a message to deliver to the world, that each population can enrich humanity by contributing its share of beauty and truth. 31 st General Conference of Unesco, Paris, October 15, 2001 The time has come for humanity - with its diversity of cultures and civilizations, each of which has the right to be respected - to forge a new link with nature, a relationship based on respect and harmony, and thus to learn how to harness the power and appetites of man. Plenary Assembly of the World Summit on Sustainable Development in Johannesburg, September 2, 2002 President Jacques Chirac, the World Summit on Sustainable Development, September 2, 2002, Johannesburg, South Africa. The world suffers chronically from what has been strikingly called the silent tsunamis. Famine, infectious diseases that decimate the life force of entire continents. World Economic Forum in Davos, January 26, 2005 We will then demonstrate our solidarity concerning water. We are committed to halving, by 2015, the proportion of the population without sustainable access to safe drinking water and basic sanitation. This is a very ambitious goal, particularly in Africa. But we can achieve this by combining sound national policies, democratic and decentralized management, funding, and an ecological approach, while respecting the sovereign prerogatives of all countries. French Presidency of the G8 in Evian, Paris, May 21, 2003 More than ever, the fate of the world lies in the ability of people to observe each other intelligently, to allow their differences and cultures to dialogue, so that in its infinite diversity, humanity can gather around values that truly unite us all. Inauguration of the Musée du Quai Branly, Paris, June 20, 2006 fondation chirac / 2010-2012 : working for peace 7

JACQUES CHIRAC S COMMITMENTS FOR DEVELOPMENT President Jacques Chirac, President of the Fondation Chirac. Closing speech for the European Development Days (EDD), Brussels, December 7, 2010 Even though Europe is the largest provider of development funds to Africa, its member states are losing interest in the continent. In Brussels, on December 7, 2010, during the European Development Days, President Jacques Chirac wanted to forcibly recall the fact that the fate of our two continents are entwined: In just a few days the first decade of the 21 st century will come to an end. It has borne witness to the rise of a new world order whose contours we are still struggling to define; it has endured a financial crisis that has shaken the very foundations of economy; it has faced a rise in terrorism. Globalization is now a permanent element of our world system; it has also led to the emergence of new powers such as Brazil, China, and India. These countries have become major players; full-fledged partners with Europe and the United States. They must fully assume their roles within these new relationships that also entail new responsibilities. In the context of such progress, Africa is caught midstream. Its place within globalization has yet to be consolidated. Allow me to thank the European Commission and the Belgian Presidency of the Council of the European Union, for organizing these Days devoted to Development. They have given us the opportunity to debate this issue. With one billion inhabitants and its human resources, with its mining and energy reserves, with its arable land waiting to be farmed, Africa is a giant in the making. Its development is a prerequisite for sustainable development for all. At the beginning of this 21 st century, the continent remains the object of desires. My belief is unwavering: globalization cannot succeed without a strong Africa, one who controls its own prosperity and takes full part in the management of the planet s affairs. Africa cannot be strong without shared development. Today, Africa still has the highest concentration of poverty. For example, the gross domestic product of all 48 sub-saharan countries is equivalent to that of Switzerland or Belgium. Entire regions are not implicated in processes of economic development, nor in the realities of human development. This is particularly true in the central regions of Africa that are sparsely populated and have remained isolated. Despite this, Africa is off to a much better start than current clichés let on. The premises of profound changes can be seen a little bit everywhere. They are the basis for an economic and social takeoff. Furthermore, democracy must take root. I am of course thinking of the Ivory Coast where the voters decision must be respected. These changes are not due solely to exports of raw materials; they stem from the regrouping of populations around urban areas, offering a young and abundant workforce. These changes help develop trade and increase productivity. Finally, they ensure the profitability of infrastructures. Controlled urbanization could be an opportunity for Africa. A third of Africa s population already lives in cities. Growth in the South of the Sahara is currently 5% per year. This is a good rate but still insufficient if it is to rapidly catch up with the other regions across the globe. Without a doubt, these changes embody a chance and an opportunity. These same sorts of changes rendered possible the birth and growth of European and American industries, the emergence of the Asian Tigers in the 1980s, and the spectacular development of China in recent years. These changes should give rise to the African Lions of the 21 st century. They have already paved the way for the development of a middle class, an essential vehicle for economic development and political stability. 300 million sub-saharan Africans will belong to the middle class by 2040. Africa is at a crossroads. Its progress must be fervently supported by the international community. First, to allow African populations to permanently put poverty behind them. Then, because the rest of the world needs Africa to succeed. This continent has the largest stores of arable land - 900 million hectares, a quarter of which is still unfarmed - and the tropical forests in the Congo Basin are the planet s second lung. 8

working for peace It may seem paradoxical but Africa detains the solution to the global food crisis and it is on this continent that the environmental crisis will be solved. Without Africa, there can be no solution. Sustainable management of environmental and natural resources in Africa is of utmost urgency. It is a planetary emergency. Food security is another. I have always believed that we must encourage food producing agriculture and organize outlets for these products on African domestic markets. This is one response to the food problem. It will also help ensure a balance between urban and rural areas. On a more global level, in order to feed the planet s 9 billion inhabitants in 2050, a global agricultural program needs to be created that will make the best use of technologies and markets without destroying ecosystems. The French presidency of the G20 will be an opportunity to place these issues at the core of debates. Today, emerging countries must be encouraged to take part in this global dialogue in support of African development. I reiterated this to my Chinese friends during my recent visit to their great and beautiful country. Achievements must not be compromised by evils that weigh more heavily on these populations than elsewhere: pandemics, food shortages, climate changes, desertification, floods... They must not be annihilated by latent conflicts over the sharing of natural resources and water. The right to universal access to water was finally recognized last July by the UN. We must now imagine and implement new financing programs such as the tax on financial transactions proposed under Japanese Presidency, on September 21, 2011 during the UN s General Assembly, by the pilot group on innovative financing. Alongside Brazil, Korea, Chile, with Blaise Compaore and Thomas Boni Yayi, and also 14 African countries including Burkina Faso and Benin, we led the way in 2006 by instituting a pioneering solidarity contribution on airline tickets. It helped lower the price of medication against AIDS, tuberculosis, and malaria by 64% in the poorest countries. I urge more countries to join this initiative which has proven effective. Today, the solidarity contribution on airline tickets helps three out of every four children treated for AIDS worldwide. At the head of my foundation, I am continuing my battle for innovative financing as well as for the universal recognition of the right to water and its inseparable corollary sanitation, as well as the right to healthcare and quality medicines. The conditions for Africa s successful development necessarily involves the organization of regional domestic markets. This requires efforts to be made for infrastructures and to harmonize customs legislations. I would like to salute the role played by the African Union and regional organizations like ECOWAS in the birth of this process of economic integration. Europe, with 49 billion euros per year, is the largest provider of funds dedicated to development in the world, especially to Africa. It represents 55% of total official development assistance; all to its credit. The absurd and unacceptable paradox would be that, at the same time, its Member States are less interested in Africa despite the fact that the continent s impact resonates more and more. The issues may seem too far removed for those European Union countries that have no historical ties with Africa. Yet a few short miles separate Africa from Europe. By the mere fact of this geographical proximity, the destinies of Africa and Europe are linked, whether we want it or not. This shared destiny is actually a strength. Europe and Africa account for almost half the countries on the planet. Together, we can weigh on globalization and rise to its new challenges. Together we can define and enforce rules that will enable Africa to find its own development model. It is up to Europe - true to its history, its alliances, and its ideals - to turn towards Africa so that it will finally fully integrate world economy, defining its own conditions for its role in globalization. fondation chirac / 2010-2012 : working for peace 9

ABOUT the fondation Milestones Launch of the Fondation Chirac on June 9, 2008 at the Musée du Quai Branly in Paris. In attendance were many qualified figures, both actors in the field and the Fondation s partners. The common thread that united them all was that each has played a prominent role at the head of their country or their international organization, as advocates of peace, dialogue, and development. The ceremony for the Cotonou Declaration against the traffic of falsified medicines (Benin), held on October 12, 2009, welcomed heads of state; former heads of state; politicians; and citizens of African, American, Asian, and European nations. On November 6, 2009 in Paris, the first award ceremony for the Prize for Conflict Prevention was held. STATUTES The role and means of action of the Fondation Chirac, a state-approved humanitarian organization, are clearly defined in its statutes: Art. 1 - Purpose: The Fondation Chirac pursues peace, sustainable development, and dialogue among world cultures. It encourages all initiatives in favor of these goals, especially in the fields of economy, social issues, education, and culture [...] Art. 2 - the Fondation s actions: The Fondation s actions include: - Establishing evaluations in the fields of solidarity and the environment; - Organizing events to promote cultural dialogue; - Implementing action programs that promote the coordination and cooperation of French and foreign foundations or other organizations whose aims contribute to the Fondation s goals; - Granting scholarships; - Maintaining its website up to date in terms of available information in its fields of action; - Publishing newsletters; - Organizing conferences, seminars, and thematic think tanks in France and abroad; - Publishing and distribution through available media - both written and audiovisual of all studies that contribute to the Fondation s goals; - And the opening of individual accounts to receive payments mentioned in the second paragraph of the first article. 10

COMMITMENTS Jacques Chirac, as President of the French Republic, consistently defended ground-breaking positions on a number of issues such as peace, respecting cultural diversity and the environment, as well as fighting so that each human being can enjoy basic fundamental rights. President Jacques Chirac s commitments are at the heart of the Fondation Chirac s efforts. Johannesburg - 2002, Earth Summit: Proposition for a world alliance for sustainable development. March 2003: France opposes unilateral military intervention in Iraq. Evian Summit - June 2003: The G8 commits to increasing efforts to reach Millennium Development Goals for Access to Safe Drinking Water. Paris - October 2003, 32 nd session of UNESCO s General Conference: Proposition of a UNESCO adoption of an international convention to anchor the principles of cultural diversity within human rights. Paris - January 2005, International Conference on Biodiversity : Creation of a United Nations Organization for the Environment. September 2006: Initiated by Jacques Chirac and President Lula da Silva, the solidarity levy on air travel tickets to increase access to treatment for HIV/AIDS, malaria, and tuberculosis materializes with the creation of UNITAID. Annual Fondation Chirac Prize for Conflict Prevention Access to Clean Water and Sanitation Access to Quality Medicines and Healthcare Access to land resources Preservation of Cultural Diversity THE fondation and its PARTNERS Conflict Prevention Bernard Vatier Access to Clean Water and Sanitation Jacques Bertrand Access to land resources Bastien Sachet Access to Quality Medicines and Healthcare P r Marc Gentilini Preservation of Cultural Diversity Prize for Conflict Prevention 11

September 2010 - August 2012 Two years of action 2010 2011 September 28, Paris: Jacques Chirac and Frédéric Mitterrand, Minister of Culture and Communication, launched a lecture series to raise awareness among architecture students on the use of legal and certified wood, at the Cité de l architecture et du patrimoine. October 15, Paris: Conference on Falsified medicines: how to fight them organized by the Mutualité Française, with the Fondation Chirac and the Pierre Fabre foundation. October 20, New Delhi: The Sorosoro foundation (Sorosoro Trust) was created on the Indian subcontinent. First meeting of the board of directors. November 5, Musée du Quai Branly, Paris: Prize Ceremony. Laureates: Mario Giro (Fondation Chirac Prize) and Lakhdar Brahimi (Special Jury Prize). November 8, Institut de France, Paris: Conference on Water for all: Ending the Unacceptable. November 22, National School of Architecture (ENSA) Paris-Belleville: Launch of lecture series to raise awareness of architecture students on the use of legal and certified wood, sponsored by Jean Nouvel, architect. December 7, Brussels: European Development Days, President Jacques Chirac gave a speech advocating the strengthening of European aid to Africa and participated in the conference on falsified medicines organized by his Fondation. December 14, Paris: The Directorate General of globalization, development and partnerships (DGM) of the French Foreign Affairs Ministry and the Fondation Chirac signed a partnership agreement for the strengthening of fragile States, conflict prevention, the fight against falsified medicines, and the fight against deforestation. December 15, Yaoundé: The students of the Moabi graduating class received their Qualification Certificate in Social Forestry at the Centre of Social Excellence (ESC). December 20, Cotonou: Inauguration of new premises for the Cotonou National pharmaceutical quality control laboratory funded Benin, the Fondation Chirac, and the Pierre Fabre Foundation. March 10: The Forest Trust (TFT), the Fondation Chirac s primary partner in the fight against deforestation and desertification announced that all 1.3 million hectares managed by the Congolaise Industrielle du Bois (CIB), in the Republic of Congo, were certified. The surface area of certified tropical forest in the region now exceeds five million hectares. March 17, Brussels: The Fondation Chirac spoke to the Social Affairs committee of the ACP-EU Joint Parliamentary Assembly ACP / EU about the dangers of the traffic of falsified medicines.. April 13 to 15, Beirut: The AFP Foundation and UNDP Lebanon trained Lebanese journalists on development issues. The first workshop was held the day after the project s official launch, with the support of the Fondation Chirac. 2011 2012 May 4 to 6, Cotonou: The Fondation Chirac presented to the customs officials of West Africa the advances earned by his pleas against falsified medicines during a West African regional seminar organized by the World Customs Organization (WCO). May 11, Yaoundé: The students of the third graduating class of the Centre of Social Excellence (ESC), the Mungulu class, received their Qualification Certificate in Social Forestry. September 27 to 29, Ouagadougou: Participation, alongside the French Ministry of Foreign Affairs, in the Roundtables on Falsified Medicines, organized under the High Patronage of Blaise Compaore, President of the Republic of Burkina Faso. October 17 to 18, Bamako: Forum Solidarity for water in Niger basin countries, organized by the Fondation Chirac and the Republic of Mali. November 4 to December 2, Fnac Montparnasse, Paris: Faces of Peace exhibition and presentations of the Prize laureates. November 24, Musée du Quai Branly, Paris: 3 rd Ceremony of the Fondation Chirac Prize. Laureates were Marguerite Barankitse, Burundi (Fondation Chirac Prize) and Louise Arbour of Canada (Special Jury Prize). November 26: Meeting with Marguerite Barankitse at the Fnac Montparnasse. November 30, Sciences Po, Paris: In partnership with Publicis, a conference on New Media and Conflict Prevention. December: Third workshop in the Media for Development program in Lebanon, directed by the AFP Foundation. December 8, Maison des Cultures, Paris: 3 rd Annual Meeting of Sorosoro, so the languages of the world may prosper!. February 2, Sciences Po, Paris: Conference on The Niger River Basin: the challenges of joint and sustainable management of water resources. March 12-17, Marseille: Participation in the 6 th World Water Forum. Conference on Solidarity for water in the Niger Basin countries: practical commitments for real solutions. March 16, Paris: Signing of a partnership with the Tattali Iyali Foundation, chaired by First Lady of Niger. May 9, Salle Gaveau, Paris: Solidarity concert organized with the Orchestre de l Alliance to benefit the Access to Healthcare program and a project in the Ivory Coast headed by the Fondation s field partner, the Pan-African Organization for Health (OPALS). June 19, Musée du Quai Branly, Paris: Meeting with the Partner Committee. June 21, Paris Dauphine University, Paris: Conference on Falsified medicines, a crime against the poorest. MEDI- CRIME, a weapon against this scourge?. 12

ABOUT THE fondation THE programs The Fondation Chirac programs are interconnected; their underlying base is Humanity and the defense and development of basic human rights. Tensions linked to the earth s resources (water, forests, arable land) are mounting. By contributing to the equitable sharing of arable land, forest resources, water resources, by respecting ecosystems and human populations, we are acting for peace. Advocating for the diversity of cultures, so that each individual has the freedom to lead a dignified existence, is in the end, the best defense against standardization and the conflicts that could arise. The 2012 Budget Plan Operating costs: 24 % The Fondation Chirac Prize for Conflict Prevention: 28 % Access to quality healthcare and medicines: 14 % Defending cultural diversity: 14 % Access to water and sanitation: 10 % Access to land resources: 10 % fondation chirac / 2010-2012 : working for peace 13

www.fondationchirac.eu THE fondation chirac and social networks In 2010, the Fondation Chirac began strengthening its online presence. You can now follow the Fondation Chirac s activities on its website, as well as in various new media and social networks. Inform in order to mobilize The Fondation s website is now a key provider of information on subjects related to the core issues of its various programs. It is a source of information about the Fondation s activities as well as those of its partners. It has also become a place where experts speak out on issues that, while they may not be directly related to the Fondation, belong to the key concerns of President Jacques Chirac. Inform in order to mobilize has become the guiding principle for the Fondation Chirac s website. The Fondation s Twitter strategy matches its Facebook activity. Both are rapidly becoming key presences for issues linked to its programs, relaying information and becoming an opinion leader for solidarity, for sustainable development, and conflict prevention worldwide. On Twitter, the Foundation has a chance to immediately comment on current events related to these topics and thereby demonstrate its reactivity, an especially important trait in that sensitive issues and countries in crisis are key topics. The Fondation Chirac has increased its visibility on social networks and new media. It can be found on YouTube, Facebook, and Twitter, engaged in regular and dynamic exchanges. Videos and films produced by the Fondation are aired on YouTube as well as on the Fondation s website, via FC-TV, the Fondation Chirac s Web TV. Our Facebook page offers daily updates on the Fondation s activities and opportunities to develop its ties with other organizations and new partners. Figures 1 930 followers on Twitter 1 362 Tweets 3 970 Likes on Facebook 1 664 084 friends of fans (the Fondation Chirac s potential audience for future messages) Approximately 1.23 million search results on Google for the Fondation Chirac 14

Becoming a reference on Conflict Prevention The Fondation has undertaken a cartographic project to more clearly position itself as a reference on Conflict Prevention. The goal is to first map the Fondation s projects, those which are actively supported by the Fondation as well as those who sport its label. The second step is to illustrate geographical areas of conflict on which our experts work in order to select Prize laureates. These maps will provide the public with the necessary information to understand the Jury s choices. The initial maps will be static, but interactive versions are already under consideration. In sum, the key concepts for the Fondation s online strategy in 2012 are strengthening our position, developing closer ties with opinion leaders, encouraging exchanges, mobilizing an online community, and becoming a reference in the dialogue between cultures and in conflict prevention. Encouraging dialogue between cultures and generations Since early 2012, the number of people following the Fondation s activities via social networks has steadily and significantly increased. The next phase, mid-2012, is to use the Web to encourage dialogue between cultures, the very reason the Fondation was created. The goal is to facilitate dialogue with our online community and to encourage further exchanges, both deeper and more direct, with an audience that is equally balanced between France and abroad. Our community will be invited to participate in ongoing conversations about the Fondation s articles and to discuss directly with our experts. The goal is to create a loyal and committed community that supports the Fondation s activities and contributes to its growing online presence. Our new position on social networks provides better visibility for our partners. It reflects the Fondation s energy and activity, which attract a new public, a younger public with a stronger online commitment. fondation chirac / 2010-2012 : working for peace 15

The Prize for Conflict Prevention President Chirac, through the Fondation he has established, has gathered together a wide range of initiatives that all help spread the universal values of tolerance and respect for each other. Within the Fondation s Honorary Committee, he has associated international figures who have all worked for dialogue and tolerance in their country and who decided, at the launch of the Fondation Chirac, to establish a Prize for Conflict Prevention. To honor the men and women in the shadows On November 22, 2012, the Fondation Chirac, which prolongs President Jacques Chirac s work for peace, will present the fourth Prize for Conflict Prevention. Everywhere, in the shadows, there are men and women working to heal and reconcile. It is these men and women whom the Fondation Chirac honors with its Prize for Conflict Prevention. It thus offers a solemn, public tribute to illustrate the work of those who, often at the risk of their lives, ensure that communities and individuals can live with tolerance and respect for each other. This is the purpose of the Prize for Conflict Prevention. It is awarded by a jury of French and foreign figures according to the cases compiled by a committee of experts that I have the honor to chair. This committee meets several times during the year that precedes the Jury meeting, to identify exemplary figures of conflict prevention or conflict resolution. I can testify that our debates are precise, profound, and even impassioned. When the first Prize was bestowed in 2009 to Imam Muhammad Ashafa and to Pastor James Wuye, President Chirac paid tribute to these two Nigerian religious leaders, who have remarkably furthered interfaith dialogue, by recalling that We must detect the embers of hate wherever they may smoulder and help those who can put them out, those who know how to clear misunderstandings, those who elicit reconciliation before it is too late. War is not natural to man Alongside the Fondation Chirac Prize, the Special Jury Prize recognizes those who through their professional responsibilities and exceptional efforts have helped prevent conflicts. The 2009 Special Jury Prize was awarded to Park Jae-Kyu for his work in encouraging dialogue between the two Koreas. In 2010, the Fondation Chirac Prize was awarded to Mario Giro. At the ceremony, he reminded us that War is not natural to man. No objective reason can be invoked as an objective rationality that surpasses the human will. It is on the human will that 16

we must work. Lakhdar Brahimi, who received the Special Jury Prize that same year, stated that Today however, there are conflicts that start off as highly localized issues, generally in very poor countries. They then spread by degrees and eventually threaten entire regions and even humanity as a whole. How can we forget Marguerite Barankitse who, upon receiving the 2011 Prize, movingly read messages from the Hutu, Tutsi, and Twa children she had saved, children she helped to rebuild themselves, to find the path to life after conflict. These children pushed [her] to marvel despite the suffering. Alongside her stood Louise Arbour, laureate of the Special Jury Prize, who emphasized the need for justice so that no war criminal would ever again believe he was safe. [T]he impunity they have always had is an insult to all those who obey the law and a betrayal of those who rely on the law and the rule of law for their protection. Contributing to the analysis of major changes The Prize is not the only conflict prevention effort undertaken by the Fondation Chirac program. It also supports a training program for journalists in Lebanon. With the assistance of the AFP Foundation and the United Nations Program for Development in Lebanon, it seeks to involve the media in preventing conflicts between the country s different communities. As part of its commitment to contributing to the analysis of major changes, the Fondation has launched a conference series, in partnership with Sciences Po, on new media and their relationship to conflict prevention. The annual Prize, the Media Project in Lebanon, the lecture series, these are some of the Fondation Chirac s contributions to preserving the commonality of universal values such as justice, respect for others, and tolerance. Bernard Vatier About the Prize for conflict prevention When and where? Once a year since 2009, in November, during a ceremony held at the Musée du Quai Branly in Paris. Why? To offer the laureates efforts better visibility at the international level, to give recipients the means to continue working for peace, and to encourage new vocations. To Whom? Two laureates are honored every year. The Fondation Chirac Prize, doted with 100 000 euros, is awarded to an individual or individuals from civil society. The Special Jury Prize is awarded to one or more public figures. How? 1/ An Expert Committee meets to identify areas of conflict and tension, examining carefully both current events as well as forgotten theaters of conflict. Supporting exemplary individuals who act in the service of peace In a world weakened by climate imbalances, economic crises, social injustices, and religious or ethnic tensions, conflict is fueled by many factors of increasing complexity. Preventing these tensions from escalating into conflict is often slow and dangerous work out in the field. Men and women of good will are working discreetly, often at great peril to their lives, to prevent the irreparable, to maintain or renew the tenuous thread of dialogue. In these gray areas where there is no rule of law, their efforts, guided by reason and justice, help restore democracy, sometimes even creating it. Their acts help initiate virtuous cycles of economic and human development, thus reducing factors of violence and tension. The 2010 ceremony at the Claude Levi-Strauss theatre, Musée du Quai Branly in Paris. Be they official diplomats or ordinary citizens, it is these women and men that the Fondation Chirac Prize wishes to honor. 2/ The Expert Committee brings together individuals and institutions who work to ease tensions in these areas. 3/ The Committee proposes a pool of names to the Jury, which is composed of individuals who have also worked throughout their lives for peace. Its philosophy is inspired by the belief that sustainable development and conflict prevention go hand in hand. According to President Jacques Chirac, the greatest victory we can achieve over war is to prevent it. Prize for Conflict Prevention 17

The 2012 JURY Presided by Jacques Chirac, the Jury is composed of individuals who have worked for peace. They meet once a year to study possible recipients proposed by the Expert Committee and select the laureates. Kofi Annan Nobel Peace Prize in 2001, Secretary General of the UN 1996 to 2006 Boutros Boutros-Ghali Secretary General of the UN from 1992 to 1996 Michel Camdessus Director General of the International Monetary Fund from 1987 to 2000 Joaquim Alberto Chissano President of the Republic of Mozambique from 1986 to 2005 Jean-Pierre Landau Inspector General of Finance Federico Mayor Director General of Unesco from 1987 to 1999 Ismaïl Serageldin Director of the Library of Alexandria Simone Veil Former Minister of State, Member of the French Academy Vaira Vike-Freiberga President of the Republic of Latvia from 1999 to 2007 Jury Meeting June 15, 2009, in Paris. PRIZES WERE AWARDED BY In 2009 Kofi Annan, Nobel Peace Prize laureate, UN Secretary General from 1996 to 2006 and Simone Veil, Former French Minister of State, member of the Académie Française In 2010 Vaira Vike-Freiberga, President of the Republic of Latvia from 1999 to 2007 and Michel Camdessus, Director General of the International Monetary Fund from 1987 to 2000 In 2011 Kofi Annan, Nobel Peace Prize laureate, UN Secretary General from 1996 to 2006 18

EXPERT COMMITTEE IN 2012 The international Expert Committee, headed by Bernard Vatier, identifies areas of potential conflict and participates in the preliminary selection of applications for both Prizes. It proposes to the Jury, chaired by Jacques Chirac, a list of people or institutions who have contributed to creating dialogue between belligerents. The Fondation Chirac would like to thank Arnaud Danjean, Magdalena Frichova, and Luc Pareydt who also participated in the Expert Committee between 2010 and 2012. Aldo Ajello European Union s Special Representative for the African Great Lakes region until 2007 Catherine Colonna Minister Delegate for European Affairs (2005-2007), Managing Partner of the Paris office of Brunswick, member of the Fondation Chirac Board of Directors Peter Harling Project Director, Iraq, Lebanon and Syria with the International Crisis Group (ICG) Robert Holloway Director of the AFP Foundation Jean-Pierre Lafon Ambassador of France, founding member and vice president of the Fondation Chirac Olivier Lafourcade The World Bank s Director for Mexico from 1996 to 2002, Latin America Specialist Marie Mendras Political scientist at the CERI, CNRS. Professor at Sciences Po (Paris) Besnik Mustafaj Albanian writer and politician, Albania s minister of Foreign Affairs (2005-2007), professor of foreign literature at the University of Tirana Omar Saghi Moroccan political scientist and author Valérie Terranova Strategic consulting, founding member, and Secretary of the Fondation Chirac Board of Directors of the Fondation Chirac Georges Tsaï Special Ambassador of the Rector of the University for Peace (Costa Rica) Yannis Valinakis Professor, President of the Jean Monnet Centre of Excellence, former Deputy Minister for European Affairs (Greece) Bernard Vatier Lawyer, head of the Paris Bar (1996-1997), founding member, and Vice President of the Fondation Chirac Pierre-André Wiltzer Minister Delegate for Cooperation and Francophonie (2002-2004) Meeting between the Jury and the Expert Committee, June 15, 2010, in Paris. Prize for Conflict Prevention 19

Prize for Conflict Prevention Kofi Annan Laureate of the Nobel Peace Prize, former UN Secretary-General. Our present age was born amidst violence and the clamor of terrorism; it is today plunged into an economic crisis the likes of which we have not seen since the 1930s. How can we prevent it from leading us to the brink of the abyss? To save History from tragically repeating itself, we must never forget the worst that humans are capable of and nevertheless ceaselessly honor the best that is in him. This is the goal that your Fondation has set for itself, dear Jacques Chirac, with the Prize for Conflict Prevention that we will award today to two exceptional women: Ms. Louise Arbour and Ms. Marguerite Barankitse. November 24, 2011, Musée du Quai Branly, Paris François Fillon Prime Minister of the French Republic. I would like to say that this is both a great honor and a great pleasure to participate in the Fondation Chirac Prize for Conflict Prevention. This award has already made a name for itself among the tributes to those who defend human rights. Today, the work of President Chirac continues with his Fondation, and I would like to state that its priorities often meet with and sometimes even inspire our public efforts. I am obviously thinking of conflict prevention, the fight against deforestation, access to water and sanitation, cultural diversity, and access to quality medicines and health care. The French government contributes to your battles, especially in two domains. The first, democratic governance, particularly through training project for journalists in Lebanon or for students in Congo Basin countries. The second, the fight against falsified medicines, a battle that has witnessed an unprecedented acceleration after the Cotonou Declaration in 2009, a declaration launched at the initiative of the Fondation, which aims to organize international mobilization to fight against this scourge. In France, the government has made the fight against falsified medicines a priority and has adopted an action plan to combat them. I would also like to underline the esteem we have for the Fondation Chirac s commitment to support access to water for all. The Forum organized in Bamako last month, a forum dedicated to the Solidarity for Water in Niger Basin Countries has provided a prime contribution to the preparation of the 6th World Water Forum, which will be held in Marseille next March, in order to promote access to drinking water for all. The very name of the Fondation Chirac for Conflict Prevention, meets a burning need. Over 40% of the countries that have endured conflicts relapse into violence during the following decade. The annual cost of war apparently exceeds $ 100 billion, without counting the terrible human, social, and political toll. Excerpt from Prime Minister François Fillon s speech at the 3 rd Ceremony for the Fondation Chirac Prize for Conflict Prevention, November 24, 2011 at the Musée du Quai Branly 20

Interview with President Vaira Vike-Freiberga, President of Republic of Latvia (1999 2007), member of the Jury. In today s world, how important is conflict prevention and what exactly is needed? I think it is always better to be safe than sorry, and this applies at the individual level, as well as at national and international levels. The number of conflicts that have arisen since the last World War is heartbreaking. Even though Europe, at least until the tragic events in former Yugoslavia, had learned certain lessons from the first half of the 20th century and had established a system of constructive and friendly coexistence, the rest of the world has been a stage for a never ending stream of conflicts. There are numerous civil wars, genocide, brutal violations of human rights these conflicts constantly surprise us with their intensity, their cruelty, and the number of their victims. The United Nations is often called on to restore and maintain peace, to control the difficult situations that result from these conflicts. Conflict prevention however, not only spares the potential victims of these conflicts, it also saves vast financial resources that are wasted and destroyed during and after all armed confrontations. Furthermore, though the conflicts in Rwanda or Burundi for example were ethnic ; there is often an underlying economic factor. Sierra Leone had its diamond mines; in other African countries, the wealth of natural resources does not benefit the majority of inhabitants. I believe that negotiation and mediation between concerned parties is the best investment the international community can make to reduce the total amount of suffering in the world. What has been the role and impact of this Prize since its creation since 2009? A prize, at the beginning, attracts attention by its novelty. Then, to survive, it must prove its value and merit through the quality of its chosen laureates. From my point of view, necessarily subjective as a member of the Jury, our choices President Vaira Vike-Freiberga during the Fondation Prize Ceremony in 2010. have been exceptionally qualified and confer on the Fondation Chirac Prize for Conflict Prevention stature and weight. However, it will take a certain amount of time before the general public - in France and elsewhere - understands and recognizes the Prize and the work of its laureates. What are the causes and values you wish to defend by participating in the work of the Fondation Chirac? I want to defend human rights, legality, democratic governance, and the universal values that motivate us all. For their generous support, the Fondation Chirac would like to thank Sheikh Sabah Al-Ahmad Al- Jaber Al-Sabah, Emir of the State of Koweit; Mr. Khalil Abdulwahab Al Bunnia, CEO of Al Bunnia group, and Mr. Ousmane Sow, creator of the sculpture given to each laureate. The Fondation Chirac warmly thanks its partners: Prize for Conflict Prevention 21

The Laureates The 2010 laureates Mario Giro Fondation Chirac Prize Mario Giro is Head of International Relations of the Sant Egidio Community (Catholic lay community). Born in Rome in 1958, Mario Giro joined the Community of Sant Egidio in 1975 while still in highschool. Through patient, rigorous acts as conflict mediator, using original methods of unofficial diplomacy based on listening, dialogue, understanding the other, and on finding common denominators between the forces involved, he has helped harmony prevail over discord. Mario Giro has been, and continues to be, a decisive influence in several theaters of tensions and conflicts (Algeria, Burundi, Kosovo, Liberia, Darfur, Southern Sudan...). The Fondation Chirac wished to specifically honor his efforts in three African countries torn by conflict and political turmoil: the Ivory Coast, Guinea, and Niger. May 27, 2010, signature of the Appeal of Rome for the future of Guinea at the headquarters of the Sant Egidio Community. Mario Giro, honored for his efforts within the Community of Sant Egidio. Excerpt from Mario Giro s speech Over the years I have learned that peace is the greatest asset for a human being, a family, a nation, a people. It is true that conflicts are numerous and sometimes incomprehensible, intractable. This can discourage and lead to immobility. However, by carrying within oneself the atlas of the world s pain, we can come to the firm conviction that peace is always possible. It is a lesson that has shaped and changed me. It goes against a very diffuse mentality that teaches that when weapons speak and hatred reigns, virtually nothing is possible. The prevailing idea today is the resignation that war will always be the sad companion to human life because we are all helpless faced with it. But war cannot be simply regarded as a period of history; in reality, conflicts mark the decline of nations. [...] Throughout the years, working for peace has become a passion fueled by compassion for human beings and their future. I cannot hide that this quest was often considered naive or idealistic. It is however, human. A certain realistic outlook can, at times, lead one to believe that there are turning points in history where war cannot be avoided. Several conflicts are explained away as the inevitable product of an objective situation, independent of the will of the people. My experience is different. It is always a human decision that causes war and it can therefore be avoided or changed. I have had the opportunity to talk to several warlords, to ask why they had taken up arms. There were different answers, but there was one overriding lesson: this terrible decision is never easy. It is a profound rupture because, even intuitively, he who decides to take this path, knows there can be no return. War is not natural to man. No objective reason can be invoked as an objective rationality that surpasses the human will. It is on the human will that we must work. 22

LAKHDAR BRAHIMI Special Jury Prize As a Special Adviser to the UN Secretary-General, Lakhdar Brahimi facilitated the resolution of open or latent conflicts. He was a minesweeper in tense situations (South Africa, Haiti, Nigeria, Cameroon, Burundi, Sudan...). He has intervened in Lebanon, Iraq, and Afghanistan. He led the panel that drafted the Brahimi Report on UN Peacekeeping Operations, presented in 2000 to the UN Security Council. Today, Lakhdar Brahimi pursues his involvement with the Elders, a group of international leaders formed around Nelson Mandela to promote the peaceful resolution of conflicts in the world. Lakhdar Brahimi, honored for his mediation work in Lebanon, Iraq, and Afghanistan. Excerpt from Lakhdar Brahimi s speech The Brahimi Report Published and presented at the Millennium Summit of the United Nations in September 2000, the Brahimi Report is a document that recognizes the political, administrative, and financial limits of the UN in terms of crisis management and makes several proposals to improve efficient, UN peacekeeping operations. Much has been made in recent years of conflict prevention. The importance of preventing conflicts from exploding or erupting once again has been highlighted everywhere. We all know that it is better to be safe than sorry. There are of course no magic formulae here. However, the international community has acquired a rich experience and learned valuable lessons from its successes and even more so from its failures. The most prominent lesson of all is that in today s world, the most serious threats facing humanity as a whole no longer come from tensions between wealthy, over armed, major powers. The end of the cold war settled most of those problems. [...] Conflicts then exacerbate poverty, bad governance, and corruption. This creates a vicious cycle that inexorably overflows borders and contaminates other communities in a thousand different ways sometimes unexpectedly as is the case for the extraordinary phenomenon of piracy that has grown amid the anarchy and deprivation in Somalia. The problems are known, Mr. President. You have very clearly identified them yourself in several of your speeches, including at the launch of your Foundation. However, the international community, be it at the UN level or that of regional organizations, has yet to mobilize a shared political will. This alone can elevate the conflict prevention to a future level that could more effectively safeguard communities, states and even entire regions from the scourge of devastating conflicts. In the meantime we must continue to use all available means, and there many, to manage the possible sources of conflict. And when we arrive too late, we must try to create conditions that will allow for the resolution of the conflict as soon as possible. This, I believe, is what Sant Egidio tries to accomplish with great success. This is also what, more modestly, many NGOs are trying to do, more indirectly but just as usefully. Prize for Conflict Prevention 23

The Laureates The 2011 Laureates Marguerite Barankitse Fondation Chirac Prize Of Tutsi descent, Marguerite Barankitse, known as Maggy, was born in 1956 in eastern Burundi. In 1972, at 16, she witnessed the massacre of Hutu intellectuals. In 1979, after having become a teacher to teach children to be indignant, to transmit the culture of peace, she rebelled against injustice between Hutus and Tutsis in school guidance programs and was fired. On October 21, 1993, Burundi underwent yet another coup. Sixty members of Maggy s family were murdered. A group of Tutsis, including some related to Maggy, attacked the Ruyigi Bishopry on October 24, 1993. Maggie was forced to witness the massacre of 72 people, including her friend Juliette, who entrusted her two daughters to Maggie before she was killed in front of her friend s eyes. Distraught, she gathered together the surviving children and fled with them. Later on, with the growing number of children needing help, Maggy built the Maison Shalom on her own property. Her commitment Founder of Maison Shalom In 1994, Maggie founded the Maison Shalom in Ruyigi, a province in eastern Burundi. Nondenominational and apolitical, Excerpt from Marguerite Barankitse s speech this house welcomes children of all backgrounds. It is also a learning center and clinic. The goal of this orphanage unlike any other is to raise children within the concepts of fraternity, forgiveness, and peace. Maggy has helped over 20 000 children in Burundi and in neighboring countries. Today, certain have relayed her, spreading this culture of reconciliation throughout the country. Since its founding, the Maison Shalom has become a network of villages. When it is impossible for the children to return to their families, either close or distant, the Maison Shalom buys land and builds real homes for them. Together, under the responsibility of older orphans, they form a new family and manage their own daily lives. Convinced that poverty, social injustice, and illiteracy fuel violence, Maggy has created other structures: schools, movies, training centers, hotels, hospital, mother-child centers... She also accompanies the High Commissioner for Refugees during its operations to reconcile Burundians. However, the situation in Burundi remains fragile. For example, the Truth and Reconciliation Commission initiated in 2003 is still not active. Furthermore, the country is among the world s poorest; 67% of the population lives below the poverty line. Over 700,000 children Marguerite Barankitse, honored for her work in Burundi. are orphans, 260,000 are affected by HIV / AIDS, and infant mortality is very high. For all these reasons, Maggy continues to develop her efforts. Nearly twenty years after founding of Maison Shalom, she has become involved in microcredit projects, land tenure security, agricultural development... The endowment that accompanies the Fondation Chirac Prize will help her achieve these new goals. Learning about forgiveness and living together is the Maison Shalom s key function - Starting in 2000, Maggy, assisted by a lawyer, set up a system of inheritance for the orphans, as well as many incomegenerating activities for the youths: a bakery, a hair salon, a tailor s shop, several farms, a repair shop, a garage, a pharmacy, and a guesthouse. - With a large portion of the one hundred thousand euros allocated to the Maison Shalom, Marguerite Barankitse, starting in April 2012, will fight poverty in Burundi by starting a microcredit project aimed at the poorest. Maggy, during her acceptance speech, read the children s messages destined for the dignitaries present, including the following for President Jacques Chirac: This first message to Papa Chirac comes from Lydia. She speaks French and I will faithfully transmit what she said over the telephone: Papa Chirac, You must surely be a grandfather. I didn t have a grandfather; my grandfather was assassinated in 1972. He was Hutu but he married a Tutsi. My grandmother, a Tusti widow raised my papa by herself. After, when Papa was grown, he became a doctor. He married my mama Juliette, who was Tutsi. And on October 24, 1993 when I was barely 2 years old, they killed them both. They killed Papa because he was Hutu; and the Hutus were accused of killing in the Tutsi villages. After, they told me that Mama couldn t bear it. She gave her life for her husband whom she loved. But Papa Chirac, please tell all the politicians and leaders. I would love to be a grandmother: I want to hug and cuddle my grandchildren. That s my message, first to Papa Chirac. And the laureate concluded with the following words: You are all wonderful, the Fondation and you, dear Uncle Jacques. The children s messages encourage me to marvel despite the suffering. I am filled with wonder and I promise you that I will not let you down. The one hundred thousand euros that you have granted me, I will multiply them like the five loaves and two fish that Jesus multiplied. So that finally, there will be no more orphans in Burundi. We are tired. We are tired of living in indifference. We do not want to welcome more orphans. We want to live without refugee tents within our country. Without the blood flowing in my country, even as I stand here speaking to you. But I want to tell you, as did Mother Teresa in Calcutta, it is better to light a single candle than to curse the shadows. I thank you. 24

LOUISE ARBOUR Special Jury Prize Louise Arbour was born in Montreal in 1947. Jurist and lawyer, she was the first Chief Prosecutor of the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia (ICTY) and the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR), as well as United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights. She has helped to make international justice visible and effective, arguing that the legitimacy of the Tribunal extraterritorial intervention outweighs state sovereignty. Louise Arbour, honored for her work in favor of International Justice in the Former Yugoslavia and Rwanda She has raised public awareness about the work of international justice through major innovations such as sealed indictments, indictments kept secret, and especially by unhesitatingly charging political and military figurs with genocide, even at the highest level. The International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia and Rwanda were created respectively by resolutions 808 and 955 of 1993 and 1994 of the UN Security Council. Innovative international criminal instruments, they were established to try individuals accused of genocide, crimes against humanity, and war crimes committed in those areas. The International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia (ICTY) prosecutes and judges those responsible for serious violations of international humanitarian law in the territory of the former Yugoslavia during the wars in Croatia, Bosnia-Herzegovina, and Kosovo. Headquartered in The Hague in the Netherlands, since its first hearing on November 8, 1994, the ICTY has indicted 161 people. In 2011, there were still two indicted individuals who had not yet been arrested. Ratko Mladić, former commander of the Bosnian Serbs, responsible for the 1995 massacre of more than 7 000 people in Srebrenica was arrested on May 26, 2011. The last fugitive, Goran Hadzic, responsible for the Vukovar massacre in November 1991 committed by Serb forces and coldly killing 264 Croats and non-serbs, was arrested in turn on July 20, 2011. The International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR) was established November 8, 1994 by the Security Council of the United Nations to try those responsible for genocide and other serious violations of international humanitarian law committed in the territory of Rwanda or by Rwandan citizens in the territory of neighboring States, between January 1 st and December 31, 1994. Its headquarters are in Arusha, Tanzania. From the International Criminal Tribunal to the International Criminal Court The creation of the ICC in 1998, was a major step in the development of international justice to prevent mass crimes. The ICC has requested arrest warrants against senior officials in Sudan (Omar El Bechir), the Democratic Republic of Congo (Lord s Resistance Army), and Libya (Gaddafi). Excerpt from Louise Arbour s speech Both domestic and international courts must accomplish this task of establishing the truth, a truth that is official, historic, and unchanging in its consequences. This is a solemn task to which all members of the international judicial system must dedicate themselves. Their only weapon is their professionalism and integrity, and above all they must avoid falling into a blind activism. International criminal law is still young, but it must already regularly face the complexities of its implementation. The constant tension between the pursuit of the ideals of peace and those of justice testifies to this. And in reality, it is not a struggle between abstract ideals. The fight against impunity is not jeopardized when the best solution is to not continue at unacceptable costs. At the very least, international actors need to be aware that it is not their responsibility to endanger people s lives, even in the name of a shared ideal. This is perhaps one of the meanings of the word jurisprudence : wisdom in the pursuit of an ideal. Ultimately, the effectiveness of international criminal courts depends above all on their credibility, and this in turn will testify to the wisdom of their acts. This project for Justice is still very young. It is clear that the threat of being prosecuted is in and of itself insufficient to deter tyrants prone to the worst atrocities, especially when they defend excessive stakes linked to their grasp on power. However, it is also true that the impunity they have always had is an insult to all those who obey the law and a betrayal of those who rely on the law and the rule of law for their protection. I am very pleased that the jury of the Fondation Chirac has chosen to emphasize the importance of justice in the management of major conflicts and in maintaining peace and security. Prize for Conflict Prevention 25

The Laureates Focus on the laureates With support from its partners, the Fondation is determined to help the general public better understand the work of the Prize laureates Faces of Peace The second edition of the Visages de la Paix (Faces of Peace) exhibition was held at the FNAC Montparnasse in Paris from November 4 to December 2, 2011. It illustrated the Prize for Conflict Prevention with portraits of the 2010 and 2011 winners, taken by photographer Patrick Messina. Panels retraced their efforts to establish peace, including cartographic views of their efforts. Maggy Barankitse Capitale Entre 150 et 350 hab. au km 2 (1990) Moins de 150 hab. au km 2 (1990) Pays directement impliqué dans la guerre civile évoquée Massacres (300 000 morts entre 1993 et 2003) Camp de réfugiés Flux de réfugiés burundais à cette époque, elle avait déjà recueilli quatre enfants hutus et trois enfants tutsis. Ils formaient ensemble une grande famille, embryon de la «Maison Shalom» qu elle créera par la suite. Le 21 octobre 1993, le Burundi subit un énième putsch. 60 membres de la famille de Maggy sont assassinés. Elle fuit son village. Commence alors une course effrénée pour la sécurité de cette petite famille mixte hutu/tutsi : les uns lui refusent les routes de l exil car elle a des enfants tutsis, les autres font de même à cause de ses 4 enfants hutus. Bien décidée à ne se séparer d aucun de ses enfants, elle choisit de se réfugier à l Evêché et emmène avec elle des Hutus qu elle a rencontrés sur la route. Un groupe de Tutsis, dont certains faisaient partie de la famille de Maggy, attaquent l Evêché le 24 octobre 1993. Voyant qu elle représentait un obstacle à leur entreprise meurtrière, ils l ont enchainée et battue, la contraignant à être témoin du massacre de 72 personnes, dont Juliette, son amie, qui lui confiera ses deux filles avant d être décapitée sous ses yeux. Désemparée, elle recueille les enfants rescapés et s enfuit avec eux. Ensuite, et devant le nombre grandissant d enfants à accueillir, Maggy construit, sur ses propres terres, la «Maison Shalom» lieu de paix et de soins pour des enfants qui voient en Maggy une «super maman». Anne Mo e 10/2011 L ACTIOn DE MAGGY BARAnKITSE : LE COnTExTE BURUnDAIS PRIx DE LA fondation CHIRAC POUR LA PRéVEnTIOn DES COnfLITS 2011 OUGANDA Kampala DEMOCRATIQUE DU CONGO LAC VICTORIA Nord Kivu (Ex-ZAIRE) RWANDA Kigali Bujumbura 150 km YIA 0 TANZANIE Ruyigi 1972 : Formation du Parti des Travailleurs du Burundi (Hutu) ayant pour but de faire disparaître les Tutsis. Répression militaire sévère contre les Hutus : 100 000 morts Maggy fonde la Maison Shalom en 1994 à Ruyigi, à l Est du Burundi. Elle y accueille des enfants Hutus, Tutsis et Twas que la guerre civile a séparé de leur famille. Des milliers d orphelins font ainsi vivre cette communauté atypique, où fleurissent de petites maisons en bois dans lesquelles vivent les enfants, en fratries reconstituées. La clé de voûte de ce dispositif est l apprentissage de la paix et du pardon, qui fait de ce lieu un exemple de «vivre ensemble». Louise Arbour BURUNDI Oct.1993-oct 1994 : Massacres faisant plus de 300 000 morts. Maggy Barankitse assiste à l'assassinat de plusieurs de ses proches Depuis plusieurs décennies, le Burundi est le théâtre d une guerre civile particulièrement meurtrière qui oppose Hutus, Twas et Tutsis et qui trouve racine dans la pauvreté, le manque d éducation et la forte densité de population. Dans ce pays, un des 10 plus pauvres au monde, près de 70% de la population vit en dessous du seuil de pauvreté (166ème pays sur 169 pour l Indice de Développement humain en 2010, selon l OnU). Instable politiquement, le Burundi connaît après son indépendance (1962) une succession de coups d Etat, toujours accompagnés par des massacres de populations civiles et des exodes. On dénombre ainsi 250000 tués au Burundi entre 1963 et 1993, Hutus et Tutsis confondus. En 2000, les rebelles et le gouvernement signent les Accords d Arusha, qui instaurent un cessez-le-feu et prévoient la création d une Commission nationale pour la Vérité et la Réconciliation. néanmoins, les progrès vers la paix et la reconstruction nationale restent lents. Au delà de la Maison Shalom. Pour garantir une paix durable, il faut aider les plus vulnérables et lutter contre la pauvreté, Maggy en a conscience et c est pour cela qu elle mène des projets au delà de la maison Shalom. Ainsi, les enfants qui ont une famille, même éloignée, sont réinsérés dans leur communauté et y deviennent des messagers de paix. Grâce à leur présence, les villageois bénéficient des services proposés par Maggy et son équipe : assistance sociale, éducation à l hygiène et à la nutrition, prévention du VIH/Sida Maggy travaille également sur les problèmes fonciers et agricoles, via la création de coopératives et la mise en place d un système de microcrédit, car elle sait que «si les gens n ont rien à manger, ils vont s entre-tuer». En plus, elle démobilise les enfants soldats en payant leur rente auprès de la guérilla, recueille les enfants dont les mères sont détenues et vient en aide aux familles vulnérables. L ACTION DE LOUISE ARBOUR EN EX-YOUGOSLAVIE : LE CONTEXTE AUTRICHE PRIX SPéCIAL DU JURY DE LA fondation CHIRAC POUR LA PRéVENTION DES CONfLITS 2011 Burundi Rien n est négligé pour le bien-être des enfants : ils ont accès à la culture grâce au «cinéma des anges» et à la «bibliothèque des anges», à la santé grâce à l «hôpital Rema», qui bénéficie également aux mères de Ruyigi et aux malades du sida, à l éducation grâce à l école de la Maison Shalom et enfin à la formation grâce au centre de formation aux métiers (couture, informatique, laboratoire, salon de coiffure ) et au «garage des anges». Les enfants de la Maison Shalom ont aussi mis en place une auberge, la Villa des anges, avec une piscine, diversifiant encore les revenus de leurs nombreuses activités Louise Arbour est née à Montréal en 1947. Juriste, elle fut le premier Procureur en chef du Tribunal Pénal International pour l Ex-Yougoslavie et du Tribunal Pénal International pour le Rwanda (1996 à 1999) ainsi que Haut Commissaire des Nations Unies aux Droits de l Homme (2004 à 2008). Elle a contribué à rendre efficace et visible la justice internationale en faisant valoir que la légitimité d intervention extraterritoriale du Tribunal prime sur la souveraineté des Etats, dont les accusés sont ressortissants. Elle a apporté des innovations majeures comme les «actes d accusations scellés» qui sont des mises en accusation tenues secrètes, la sensibilisation des opinions publiques sur le travail de la justice et surtout en n hésitant pas à inculper les responsables politiques et militaires des génocides même au plus haut niveau. Au cœur de cette situation qui semble désespérée, une femme garde espoir et se bat contre les maux qui frappent son pays, pour que «plus jamais son peuple ne s entre-tue». VOÏVODINE ROUMANIE Zagreb Vukovar CROATIE Minorités et républiques composant la Yougoslavie «L amour est inventif, il est plus fort que la mort. Jamais la haine n aura le dernier mot». Orthodoxes Juin-sept. 1995 : Force de réaction rapide de l Union européenne Serbes Macédoniens Monténégrins Minorité serbe Date d indépendance Croates Minorité croate Intervention militaire 1991 0 OUGANDA Nord Kivu Peul Malinké SIERRA LEONE Korhogo 2004 c c cc cc c Yamoussoukro 1990 : Implantation de Sant Egidio 2007 : Première médiation 2009 : Deuxième et troisième médiations aboutissant en 2010 aux accords de Ouagadougou 2010 : Appel de Rome pour l avenir de la Guinée, élections présidentielles Côte a d ivoire h a S r NIGER l ER c c cc cc c Yamoussoukro GHANA TOGO BENIN 1999 2000 IA NIGERIA 2002 CÔTE D IVOIRE Abidjan 0 GUINÉE 1990 : Implantation de Sant Egidio 2007 : Première médiation 2009 : Deuxième et troisième médiations aboutissant en 2010 aux accords de Ouagadougou 2010 : Appel de Rome pour l avenir de la Guinée, élections présidentielles CÔTE D IVOIRE 1980 : Implantation de Sant Egidio 2002 : Première médiation à Lomé (Togo) 2003 : Accords de Linas-Marcoussis (France) 2004 : Accords d Accra (Ghana) 2007 : Accords de Ouagadougou (Burkina Faso). NIGER juil 2010 : M. Giro conduit une délégation de Sant Egidio au Niger oct 2010 : Accord pour un pacte républicain : Appel de Rome Le Liban, situé entre la Syrie et israël, est un pays où coexistent plusieurs communautés religieuses. ce pays est économiquement florissant durant la période des années de ses deux indépendances (1926 et 1943) jusqu en 1970, mais il est secoué par des tensions dès 1956. il connaît alors une grave crise politique, et surtout une guerre civile qui durera 15 ans, à partir d un événement déclencheur : un attentat contre une église chrétienne en 1975. en 1982, des révoltes secouent les camps de réfugiés palestiniens dans ce pays et israël envahit le Liban. c est à la suite de cette opération, baptisée «Paix en Galilée» que Lakhdar Brahimi accepte sa première mission de «déminage politique» qui lui est confiée par le Président algérien, chadli Bendjedid, et qui vise à réconcilier yasser arafat, Président de l organisation de Libération de la Palestine et le Président syrien hafez el-assad divisés suite à l invasion. de 1983 à 1989, les différentes communautés religieuses ne cessent de s opposer, et une «guerre de libération», lancée par le commandant Michel aoun (chrétien maronite), débute contre les armées syriennes. Lakhdar Brahimi parvient cependant en 1989 à faire signer les accords de taef, proposant une sortie de crise par un plan qui prévoit notamment de répartir le pouvoir entre les différentes communautés : le Président est chrétien maronite, le Premier ministre est musulman sunnite et le Président de l assemblée, musulman chiite. Les accords, approuvés en novembre 1989, marquent la fin officielle de la guerre civile au Liban. en tant que représentant spécial du Secrétaire général de l onu, Lakhdar Brahimi a joué un rôle de facilitateur dans la résolution des conflits, ouverts ou latents, de «démineur» dans des situations tendues (afrique du Sud, haïti, nigeria, cameroun, Burundi, Soudan ). il est intervenu au Liban, en irak et en afghanistan. un rapport publié en 2000, qui porte son nom, a été présenté à l occasion du sommet du Millénaire des nations unies : le document soumet plusieurs propositions pour améliorer les capacités d intervention de l onu pour le maintien de la Paix et la prévention des violences. aujourd hui, Lakhdar Brahimi continue son engagement au sein des «elders», un groupe de leaders internationaux constitué autour de nelson Mandela. en lui donnant le Prix Spécial du Jury, pour son action au Liban, en irak, et en afghanistan, la fondation chirac a donc décidé d honorer en 2010 ce grand médiateur. Zones agro-climatiques 500 km Le capitaine Camara Elevage nomade, terres arides Principales richesses des pays étudiés c Cacao B Bauxite U Uranium Organisation économique impliquée dans la gestion des conflits Cédéao (Communauté économique des Etats d Afrique de l Ouest) Situation des pays pour lesquels l action de Mario Giro et de Sant Egidio a été récompensée Interventions militaires étrangères : l ONUCI (Organisation des Nations Unies en Côte d Ivoire) coordonnée avec l opération Licorne (Forces françaises) Date des coups d État Conflit avec pertes humaines Islam majoritaire Christianisme majoritaire IRAK SYRIE LIBAN Kurdes Anne Mo e 10/2011 150 km BEK IE LF PAKISTAN RS IQ UE Karachi QUATAR GOLFE D OMAN ARABES OMAN 0 500 km Les «elders» Groupe ethnique ou religieux Base arrière des talibans (Camps d entraînement - Zone tribale) Production d opium A entats au Pakistan a ribués à Al-Quaïda Présence militaire des Etats-Unis et de l ISAF (Force internationale d'assistance et de sécurité). INDE PE 2001 : Opération Liberté immuable Camp de réfugiés palestiniens Kurde s Pendjabis Islamabad Pendjabis Pendjabis AFGHANISTAN 1997-1999 : Représentant spécial de l ONU 2001 : Chargé de la reconstruction du pays ; contribue à la transition post-talibans. GO E Pachtouns FRONTIERE DU NORD-OUEST Pachtouns Pachtouns Pachtouns Kandahar Chiites KOWEIT 1991 : Opération Tempête du désert Afghanistan Insurrection armée (talibans) Principales zones d'action des talibans Tadjiks Pachtouns Kaboul Pachtouns Pachtouns JO ARABIE SAOUDITE Tadjiks Tadjiks Hazara AN RD ISRAËL EGYPTE N Ouzbeks et Turkmènes AFGHANISTAN Pachtouns Tadjiks Chiites CHINE TADJIKISTAN ISTA Ouzbeks et Turkmènes Tadjiks IRAN Chiites 1990 : L Irak envahit le Koweit 1982 : Intervention israëlienne Pays pour lesquels l action de Lakhdar Brahimi a été récompensée par la Fondation Pays directement impliqués dans les guerres civiles évoquées Intervention militaire dans un pays voisin Intervention militaire d une coalition menée par les Etats-Unis sous mandat onusien Cisjordanie et bande de Gaza Côte d Ivoire, Abidjan (2002) OUZ TURKMENISTAN Téhéran Kurdes Kurdes Bagdad Sunnites Beyrouth MER MEDITERRANEE Etat très destabilisé Raid de l aviation ivoirienne à Bouaké tue 9 Français (2004) MER CASPIENNE IRAK 1997 : Médiation ONU-Irak 1998 : Médiation lors de la crise des sites nucléaires 2004 : Contribue à la formation d'un gouvernement de transition. TURQUIE LIBAN 1982 : Médiation CHYPREArafat - El Assad 1976 : Intervention syrienne 1989 : Contribue aux Accords Sunnites de Taëf Crise politique ouverte (1999) 1974 0 trois MediationS de LaKhdar BrahiMi : LiBan, irak, afghanistan Liban Prix SPéciaL du Jury de La fondation chirac Pour La Prévention des conflits 2010 TS IRA LIB Bouna Bouaké Lakhdar Brahimi EM 2004 Christianisme majoritaire E Korhogo Islam majoritaire NIGER juil 2010 : M. Giro conduit une délégation de Sant Egidio au Niger oct 2010 : Accord pour un pacte républicain : Appel de Rome UG Malinké SIERRA LEONE TANZANIE BURUNDI Crise politique ouverte (1999) Interventions militaires étrangères : l ONUCI (Organisation des Nations Unies en Côte d Ivoire) coordonnée avec l opération Licorne (Forces françaises) Date des coups d État Conflit avec pertes humaines Raid de l aviation ivoirienne à Bouaké tue 9 Français (2004) Forêts ou savanes avec cultures Haoussa the new York times/rea - Marco Pavani. - ian hanning/rea - tim hetherington/panos-rea - Martin adler/panos-rea - afp / BoB Pearson - tim hetherington/panos-rea e Principaux lieux d investigation du Tribunal pénal international pour le Rwanda (TPIR) R RO 2009 2009 h et à rassembler enfin son peuple. et Mario Giro s implique encore aujourd hui, pour que le retour à l ordre institutionnel soit consolidé. Camps de réfugiés Flux de réfugiés tutsis déstabilisant les autres pays ME Conakry a Ouagadougou la Côte d ivoire peut envisager son avenir dans la paix. Mais il reste à reconstruire le pays GUINÉE Zone sous contrôle du FPR tutsi (Front patriotique rwandais), 24 juin 1994 Zone de sécurité humanitaire créée par l armée française en juin 1994 ( zone turquoise ) Pays directement impliqués dans la guerre civile évoquée Génocide (1994) Etat très destabilisé 1974 500 km Steppes à élevage extensif avec cultures Touaregs S NIGERIA 0 CÔTE D IVOIRE Capitale c Abidjan 1980 : Implantation de Sant Egidio 2002 : Première médiation à Lomé (Togo) 2003 : Accords de Linas-Marcoussis (France) 2004 : Accords d Accra (Ghana) 2007 : Accords de Ouagadougou (Burkina Faso). Butare Cacao B Bauxite U Uranium Organisation économique impliquée dans la gestion des conflits Cédéao (Communauté économique des Etats d Afrique de l Ouest) Situation des pays pour lesquels l action de Mario Giro et de Sant Egidio a été récompensée 2010 a la Communauté sant egidio est présente en Côte d ivoire depuis les années 1980. Mario Giro a été un acteur-clé des multiples actions du processus qui a ramené la Paix en Côte d ivoire. 2007 : accord de avec plusieurs rencontres afin de 2002 à 2007, un longmars et patient travail a été effectué de prendre en compte les intérêts de tous et qui réunirrelance les «frèresleennemis». les responsables Ouagadougou U religieux ont également été impliqués, afin d éviter que la problématique religieuse ne s ajoute processus de paix en Côte d Ivoire à une situation déjà complexe. : Médiation ainsi, Mario Giro est 2009-2010 l un des facilitateurs de la réunion de linas-marcoussis initiée par le Président Jacques Chirac en janvier 2003, pournouveaux tenter de résoudre la crise ivoirienne. débouchant sur de Tchin les accords de Marcoussis aboutissent à la création d un gouvernement d unité nationale. accords de Ouagadougou trêve précaire... d autres rencontres vont être nécessaires, à accra (30 juillet 2004) et à Pretoria (1990) Tabaradene 1999 (début 2007), afin d aboutir à l accord politique de ouagadougou entre le Président sortant 1996 Songhaï 2010 laurent Gbagbo, Guillaume soro, le chef des forces nouvelles et Blaise Compaoré, Président 1974 du Burkina faso. l accord vise à relancer le processus de paix et décider de la tenue d élections. sant egidio BURKINA Niamey est invitée en qualité de co-médiateur, Mario Giro se voyant confier la mission de représenter FASO sant egidio au comité de suivi de l accord. aujourd hui, après de longues années de conflits et l investiture d alassane ouattara, Peul GHANA RWANDA Bujumbura Principales richesses des pays étudiés 1999 Anne Mo e 09/2011 MALI MAURITANIE 2007 Tchin Tabaradene (1990) 1996 Haoussa Mario Giro et le Président du Conseil Consultatif National de Transition, Amadou Marou GUINÉE B Soussou Elevage nomade, terres arides 2002 CÔTE D IVOIRE TROIS MÉDIATIONS DE SANT EGIDIO : CÔTE D IVOIRE, GUINÉE, NIGER GUINÉE BISSAU Bouna Bouaké 1999 2000 RI A Niamey Forêts ou savanes avec cultures Steppes à élevage extensif avec cultures Ouagadougou GUINÉE 2009 2009 LI BE Signature de «l Appel de Rome pour l avenir de la Guinée» GAMBIE Songhaï 1974 l Zones agro-climatiques Kigali Kibuye Cyangugu Sud Kivu IS 2007 NIGER U LAC VICTORIA Avril-juillet 1994 : en 100 jours, entre 800 000 et 1 million de personnes sont tuées, soit environ 20% dela population totale, ou 80% de la population tutsie UN e Le Tribunal pénal International pour le Rwanda Le TPIR a été créé pour juger les personnes présumées coupables d actes de génocide et d autres violations graves du droit international humanitaire commises sur le territoire rwandais et également dans les territoires voisins, du 1er janvier au 31 décembre 1994. Les espoirs étaient minces lors de la création du Tribunal en novembre 1994, mais les résultats ont finalement été au rendez-vous : le TPIR a émis 28 actes d accusation contre 48 individus, a placé 38 personnes en détention et a prononcé le premier jugement pour génocide de l histoire (procès de l ancien Premier ministre, Jean Kambamba). Et, pour la première fois, les médias qui ont incité à la violence ont été punis. a Touaregs Kampala 1994 juin-juillet : contre-offensive tutsie soutenue par l Ouganda Gisenyl c AM B Soussou Conakry r GRECE RÉPUBLIQUE En Sierra Leone, le procès de l ancien Président Charles Taylor, inculpé pour crimes contre l Humanité, a débuté en 2007. Le Tribunal spécial pour la Sierra Leone avait été institué par l ONU en 2000. Au Soudan, un mandat d arrêt a été émis contre le Président Omar El Béchir, En Libye, le 27 juin 2011, la CPI émet un mandat d arrêt contre Mouammar Kadhafi, son fils Saïf Al Islam, et le chef des Services de renseignements Abdallah Al Senoussi. Au Liban, le tribunal Spécial chargé de trouver les responsables de l assassinat de l ancien premier ministre Rafic Hariri a émis des actes d accusation contre 4 membres du Hezbollah. En Israël/Palestine, la CPI a rendu un avis estimant illégal la construction du Mur de Séparation entreprise par Israël dans les Territoires Occupés. En Syrie, le Président Bachar El-Assad a été menacé par la Communauté internationale d un recours devant la CPI pour les crimes commis sur sa propre population. En Côte d Ivoire, le Président en place, Alassane Ouattara a annoncé que l ancien président Laurent Gbagbo serait jugé par la CPI. Le 3 octobre 2011, le procureur en chef de la CPI, Luis Moreno Ocampo, est autorisé à enquêter en Côte d Ivoire. Au Cambodge, le procès des quatre plus hauts dirigeants khmers rouges s est officiellement ouvert le lundi 27 juin 2011, avec le soutien de l ONU. Anne Mo e 09/2011 h BURKINA FASO GUINÉE BISSAU niger a 100 km L ACTION DE LOUISE ARBOUR AU RWANDA : LE CONTEXTE La Justice internationale dans l actualité Il existe depuis toujours au Rwanda trois castes principales : les Twas, chasseurs-cueilleurs, caste considérée comme «impure», les Hutus, qui travaillaient la terre, et les Tutsis, très favorisés dans l administration et l armée durant la colonisation belge. Néanmoins, suite à l Indépendance (1962), les Hutus, majoritaires, ont pris le pouvoir. S est alors développé un discours de haine envers les Tutsis, largement retransmis dans les médias. Cette haine culmine à la mort du président hutu, Juvénal Habyarimana, assassiné, selon les dires de l époque, par des extrémistes tutsis. Commence alors le massacre systématique des Tutsis et des Hutus modérés, qui fit entre 800000 et 1 million de morts (20% de la population) en seulement 100 jours, soit 7 meurtres par minute. 77% à 84% (selon le nombre de Tutsis retenu avant le génocide) de la population tutsi du pays a disparu. Anne Mo e 09/2011 a GAMBIE indépendant depuis 1960, le niger, situé au carrefour de l espace sahélien, est l un des pays les plus pauvres du monde (182ème pour l indice de développement humain) en dépit de son sol riche en uranium. Contestée par les soulèvements armés touaregs, l autorité de l etat peine à s établir sur ce large territoire. C est sur cette terre de conflits et de pauvreté que Mario Giro conduit, le 28 juillet 2010, une délégation de la Communauté sant egidio pour rencontrer salou djibo, auteur d un coup d etat le 18 février 2010 contre le Président Mamadou tandja, après sa tentative contestée de modifier la Constitution qui lui aurait permis de se représenter pour un troisième mandat et d instituer un régime présidentiel. un processus est lancé, ponctué de réunions de travail avec les dirigeants des autorités de transition, préludes à un séminaire qui se tient à rome au sein même de la Communauté sant egidio en octobre 2010 avec les représentants des autorités de transition et les partisans de l ancien Président Mamadou tandja. le séminaire aboutit à «un accord pour un pacte républicain», signé par les participants et appelé «appel de rome». a l issue du séminaire, et à l initiative du Conseil Consultatif du niger (CCn), dont le Président est amadou Marou, les représentants de chaque institution signent une déclaration veillant à assurer le bon déroulement de la transition démocratique. la Présidentielle de 2011 voit l accession au pouvoir de Mahamadou issouffou, qui remporte les suffrages avec 57,95% des voix, et est investi le 7 avril 2011 à la tête de l etat. h Mars 2007 : accord de Ouagadougou qui relance le processus de paix en Côte d Ivoire 2009-2010 : Médiation débouchant sur de nouveaux accords de Ouagadougou TOGO BENIN S SÉNÉGAL SÉNÉGAL Janvier 2007, Conakry a Skopje MACEDOINE ALBANIE Mars à juin 1999 : Intervention de l OTAN ITALIE YIA Guinée sant egidio est présente en Guinée depuis les années 1990. durant ces années, troublées pour ce pays d afrique de l ouest, la Communauté et Mario Giro ont joué un rôle important pour tenter de faciliter le dialogue politique. depuis son indépendance en 1958, la Guinée n avait jamais connu d élection démocratique. le pays est déchiré par des tensions intercommunautaires (répartition ethnique des Guinéens : Peuls 40% Malinké 30 % susu 20% autres 10%). après un coup d etat en 1984, le Général lansana Conté arrive au pouvoir et y reste jusqu au 22 décembre 2008, date de sa mort. Ces 24 années d exercice du pouvoir s achèvent par la plus grave crise sociale que le pays a jamais rencontrée : janvier 2007, grève nationale, manifestations le gouvernement militaire intensifie sa répression pour ne pas perdre le contrôle du pays. C est dans ce contexte dramatique que Mario Giro commence sa mission. il persuade le Président Conté de choisir un Premier Ministre parmi les opposants des «forces vives». un gouvernement de consensus est alors désigné, avec à sa tête lansana Kouyaté. Mais Conté décède et le Capitaine Moussa dadis Camara se proclame Président, en suspendant la Constitution. il faut reprendre des négociations... au cours d une rencontre difficile, Mario Giro demande la commutation de peine de 22 condamnés à morts par Camara pour empêcher qu une forme de «justice populaire» ne soit établie. finalement, les exécutions sont suspendues. le 28 septembre 2009, l armée guinéenne tire sur la foule lors d un rassemblement politique au stade de Conakry, et commet de nombreuses exactions. des dissensions naissent dans le camp de la junte, et Moussa dadis Camara est l objet d une tentative d assassinat qui le force à laisser le pouvoir au Général Konaté. le Président du Burkina faso, Blaise Compaoré, demande alors officiellement l aide de sant egidio et invite Mario Giro à ouagadougou pour une médiation entre le Général Konaté et le Capitaine Camara, le 28 septembre 2009. le processus de transition démocratique est entamé : se rendant à Conakry à maintes reprises pour y rencontrer le Général Konaté, et les autres acteurs de la transition, Mario Giro parvient à s entendre avec la Présidente du Cnt (Conseil national de transition), rabiatou serah diallo. un accord de principe est établi pour une rencontre de toutes les forces politiques à rome, en mai 2010. elles signent au siège de sant egidio l appel de rome pour l avenir de la Guinée, le 27 mai et des élections multipartites ont lieu le 27 juin et le 7 novembre 2010 MALI S MAURITANIE 1998-2008 Podgorica Tirana Quelques cas de criminels condamnés par le TPIY (Tribunal Pénal International pour l Ex-Yougoslavie) LAC TANGANIK récompensé en 2010 par le Prix de la fondation Chirac pour la prévention des conflits, Mario Giro est responsable des relations internationales au sein de la Communauté sant egidio. né à rome en 1958, il rejoint sant egidio dès ses années de lycée, en 1975. Par des actions patientes, rigoureuses, de médiateur dans les conflits, par des méthodes, originales, de diplomatie «non-officielle» qui se fondent sur l écoute, le dialogue, la compréhension de l autre, et sur la recherche de «dénominateurs communs» entre les forces en présence, il fait prévaloir l entente sur la discorde. ainsi, Mario Giro a eu, et continue d avoir, une influence décisive, dans plusieurs théâtres de tensions et de conflits (algérie, Burundi, Kosovo, liberia, darfour, sud-soudan ). la fondation Chirac a voulu le distinguer, précisément pour les actions qu il a menées dans trois pays du continent africain déchirés par les conflits et troubles politiques : la Côte d ivoire, la Guinée, le niger. KOSOVO MONTENEGRO Fév. 1992 à mars 1995 : FORPRONU Indépendance et guerre Massacre de Srebrenica (8000 morts) de Vukovar (264 morts) et de Mostar Siège (Sarajevo et Dubrovnik) DU CONGO Prix de la fondation ChiraC Pour la Prévention des Conflits 2010 Pristina 2006 Dubrovnik Musulmans Bosniaques Minorité bosniaque Albanais Minorité albanaise Slovènes 1991 1991-1995 (Ex-ZAIRE) Mario Giro SERBIE Radovan Karadzic, Président de l ex-république serbe de Bosnie, comparaît devant le TPIY (2008) DÉMOCRATIQUE Explications sur le génocide rwandais Srebrenica Knin Frontières des Républiques issues de l éclatement de la Yougoslavie (1991) Catholiques Au sortir de la Seconde Guerre mondiale, la Yougoslavie est un Etat fédéral socialiste qui regroupe les républiques de Croatie, de Slovénie, de Serbie, de Bosnie, de Macédoine et du Monténégro. Quand les différentes républiques proclament leurs indépendances vis-à-vis de la fédération en 1991 (Slovénie, Croatie et Macédoine), 1992 (Bosnie) et 1999 (Kosovo), le pouvoir central, contrôlé par les Serbes, s y oppose et la guerre éclate, laissant place à des terribles massacres : les Serbes de Bosnie s attaquent aux musulmans bosniaques, les Croates aux Serbes de Croatie face à l ampleur des événements, le Conseil de Sécurité de l ONU vote en février 1993 la création d un Tribunal Pénal International pour l Ex-Yougoslavie. Il est chargé de poursuivre et juger les personnes coupables de violations graves du droit international humanitaire sur le territoire de l ex-yougoslavie durant les conflits. Son siège est situé à La Haye aux Pays-Bas. Depuis la tenue de sa toute première audience, le 8 novembre 1994, le TPIY a mis en accusation 161 personnes. Le 26 mai et le 20 juillet 2011, les deux derniers criminels en fuite ont été arrêtés : Ratko Mladić, ancien chef militaire des Serbes de Bosnie et responsable du massacre de plus de 7000 personnes à Srebrenica en 1995 d abord, puis Goran Hadzic, responsable du massacre de Vukovar (Croatie), perpétré en novembre 1991 par les forces serbes qui assassinèrent froidement 264 Croates et non Serbes. Cour Pénale Internationale La Cour Pénale Internationale a été créée avec la signature du Statut de Rome en 1998, et est entrée en fonctions en 2002. Cette juridiction permanente juge les crimes de guerre, crimes contre l Humanité et génocides. Son Procureur est, jusqu à juin 2012, Luis Moreno Ocampo. M Sarajevo Mostar En raison de sa situation géographique, la Yougoslavie a été dominée par les grands Empires bulgares, magyars, austro-hongrois et ottomans et se caractérise par une diversité linguistique, ethnique et religieuse. Les Croates sont en majorité catholiques, tandis que les Serbes sont orthodoxes et les Bosniaques musulmans. Le tracé des frontières n a pas toujours suivi cette répartition, c est ainsi par exemple qu une forte minorité albanaise musulmane vit dans la région du Kosovo, officiellement indépendante de la Serbie depuis 2008. Ce sont ces différences et les divisions entre les communautés qui ont été exploitées durant les guerres de Yougoslavie dans les années 1990, donnant lieu à d effroyables crimes de guerre et génocides. Le Général Ratko Mladic, lors de sa première comparution devant le TPIY, le 3 juin 2011 BOSNIEHERZEGOVINE MER ADRIATIQUE Frontières de la Yougoslavie avant 1991 Le Pont de Mostar, détruit pendant la guerre puis reconstruit, est rentré en 2005 au Patrimoine mondial de l Unesco. C est l un des symboles de la guerre de Bosnie. Slobodan Milosevic, Président de la République Fédérale de Yougoslavie, comparaît devant le TPIY (2002) Belgrade Ratko Mladic, chef de l armée des Serbes de Bosnie, comparaît devant le TPIY (2011) 1992-1995 Goran Hadzic, président de l ex République serbe de Krajina, est inculpé par le TPIY (2004) Benjamin ferencz, ancien Procureur du Tribunal de Nuremberg trois Mediations sant egidio Cote d ivoire, Guinee, niger TROIS MÉDIATIONS DE SANT EGIDIO :de CÔTE D IVOIRE, GUINÉE, :NIGER Novi Sad 1991-1995 «Il ne peut y avoir de paix sans justice, ni de justice sans loi, ni de loi digne de ce nom sans un tribunal chargé de décider ce qui est juste et légal dans des circonstances données» Ce nom, ce sont les enfants qui l ont choisi. Aux moments les plus durs de leur exil, les enfants de Maggy chantaient «Shalom» chaque soir, et lui donnaient la force d avancer. Quand Maggy a pu construire un centre pour accueillir ses enfants, ils ont voulu le nommer «Shalom», en souvenir des années de tourmente où Maggy fut leur seul repère. A. Gotovina, M. Markak, généraux croates, sont condamnés par le TPIY (2011) SLOVENIE L action de Maggy n a qu un but : transmettre un message de paix, de pardon et de réconciliation. Elle nous dit puiser sa force et son courage des enfants et de leur foi indestructible en un avenir meilleur. Pour Maggy, l amour est au centre de tout. Pourquoi le nom «Maison Shalom»? HONGRIE 1991 Ljubljana BULGARIE 1962 : Indépendance du Burundi Les Hutus forment 85% de la population ; l'armée est dirigée par un Tutsi La Maison Shalom 1994 : Maggy Barankitse fonde la maison Shalom où elle accueille des milliers d'enfants hutus, tutsis et twas 1988 : massacre de 5000 Tutsis Anne Mo e 10/2011 Sud Kivu L action de Maggy ne se limite pas à recueillir les orphelins en leur offrant un toit. Elle vise à ce qu il n y ait plus d orphelins. Pour cela, il s agit d assurer un encadrement social, médical, éducatif et culturel des enfants, mais aussi d aider les communautés et de lutter contre la pauvreté. Apprendre à vivre ensemble, éduquer à la paix et montrer que le pardon est possible, voilà la méthode «Maggy». KENYA REPUBLIQUE TANGANIK Le visage toujours souriant, Maggy parle de son engagement comme d une évidence, elle qui fut témoin, puis victime, d effroyables violences. Marguerite Barankitse est Tutsie, née en 1956 dans l Est du Burundi, près de la frontière tanzanienne. Orpheline de père, Maggy est élevée par sa mère, qui lui transmet une joie de vivre inébranlable et un humour pacificateur. En 1972, âgée de 16 ans, elle est témoin de massacres contre des intellectuels hutus et s étonne de voir que personne autour d elle n ose s opposer à cette violence. Elle décide alors de devenir enseignante pour «apprendre aux enfants à s indigner», «transmettre la culture de la paix» et lutter contre l ignorance, cause des maux du Burundi. En 1979, alors qu elle est jeune enseignante, elle s insurge contre l injustice entre Hutus et Tutsis dans les orientations scolaires. Maggy est alors renvoyée et porte plainte contre l école. A 23 ans, sans emploi, elle part étudier à Lourdes pendant 3 ans. De retour dans son pays, elle devient enseignante de religion. En 1986, les cours de religion sont supprimés dans les écoles. «Maggy» part alors en Suisse, étudie le commerce et revient en 1989 pour s occuper des œuvres sociales de l Eglise. Exceptional meeting with Marguerite Barankitse November 26, 2011, at FNAC Montparnasse. Les «elders» («anciens» ou «Sages» en anglais) est une organisation non Gouvernementale constituée d éminents dirigeants mondiaux, rassemblés par nelson Mandela à partir de 2007. Les «elders» travaillent à mettre leur expérience et influence au service de la Paix et des droits de l homme. Leur objectif principal est d apporter des solutions à des problèmes cruciaux, tels que le réchauffement climatique ou la pauvreté. Leur action se porte également vers la résolution de conflits qui paraissent insolubles. Les «elders» regroupent : Martti Ahtisaari, ancien Président de la finlande, Prix nobel de la Paix 2007 Kofi Annan, ancien Secrétaire Général des nations unies, Prix nobel de la Paix 2001 Ela Bhatt, fondatrice de la Self-employed Women s association (SeWa) Lakhdar Brahimi, Gro Brundtland, ancien Premier Ministre de norvège Fernando Henrique Cardoso, ancien Président du Brésil Jimmy Carter, ancien Président des etats-unis, Prix nobel de la paix Graça Machel, veuve du Président mozambicain Samora Machel et troisième épouse de nelson Mandela Mary Robinson, ancien Président de l irlande et ancien haut-commissaire du haut-commissariat des nations unies aux droits de l homme Desmond Tutu, ancien évêque de la ville du cap, ancien Président de la commission de vérité et de réconciliation, Prix nobel de la Paix 1984 Nelson Mandela, ancien Président de l afrique du Sud, Prix nobel de la Paix 1993 Aung San Suu Kyi, en titre seulement, leader de l opposition birmane, Prix nobel de la Paix 1991 afghanistan irak Pays de 31 millions d habitants, l irak a été, depuis 1979, date de la prise de pouvoir de Saddam hussein, sous le coup d un régime militaire et dictatorial. de 1980 à 1988, Saddam hussein s engage dans une guerre meurtrière contre son voisin iranien. en 1990, l irak envahit le Koweït, ce qui entraîne l intervention d une coalition internationale menée par les etats-unis, appelée «tempête du désert», c est la deuxième guerre du Golfe. alors que le pays fait l objet d un embargo important, Lakhdar Brahimi se rend une première fois en irak en 1997 à la demande du Secrétaire général des nations unies, Kofi annan, afin d ouvrir un dialogue entre l onu et Bagdad. Malgré ses efforts, le régime irakien rompt le dialogue avec l onu, en 1998, en réponse à une loi passée par le congrès américain visant à soutenir les opposants au régime irakien. Les inspecteurs de l onu se voient interdire l accès aux sites nucléaires, dont certains seront par la suite bombardés par l armée américaine. Lakhdar Brahimi retourne en irak en 2004 après l intervention unilatérale des etats-unis et leurs alliés, en tant que conseiller spécial du Secrétaire général de l onu : son action est décisive pour former le gouvernement de transition et organiser la tenue d élections libres. territoire enclavé, sans accès à la mer, constitué d une dizaine de communautés ethnolinguistiques, l afghanistan est situé à un carrefour stratégique. trois décennies de guerre ont profondément meurtri ce grand pays : l économie est fortement dominée par le trafic d opium, l etat est dépourvu d armée, de police, de systèmes judiciaire et éducatif, d administration efficace, d infrastructures. L instabilité débute avec l invasion soviétique en 1979, dont le seul objectif était de soutenir le régime communiste en place. Les différents chefs de guerre et chefs tribaux, dont le commandant Massoud, combattent alors les soviétiques, jusqu à leur retrait en 1989. a partir de cette date, les différents protagonistes afghans s opposent les uns aux autres pour accéder au pouvoir. ce sont finalement les talibans, issus des régions pachtounes du sud du pays, et soutenus par des renforts pakistanais, qui prennent la tête du pays en 1996. Le régime taliban tombe en 2001, après l intervention de la coalition de l otan et grâce aux efforts de l alliance du nord (composée de résistants afghans). avant, puis après l intervention de l otan, Lakhdar Brahimi mène des efforts considérables pour restaurer la paix. représentant spécial de l onu pour l afghanistan à partir de 1997, il démissionne cependant de son poste en 1999, frustré par l incapacité de l onu à résoudre les conflits entre les talibans et les autres belligérants. fin 2001, il retourne en afghanistan après l opération «liberté immuable» pour participer aux efforts de reconstruction du pays. il sera un des principaux architectes des accords de Bonn-Petersberg, qui permettent aux afghans de former eux-mêmes un gouvernement de transition et de préparer la nouvelle constitution du pays. elu en 2004 par une majorité de près de 6 millions de votants (le pays compte de 24,5 millions à 29 millions d habitants), hamid Karzaï devient Président de l afghanistan après avoir conduit la transition depuis 2002. réélu en 2009, il doit faire face à de nombreuses difficultés, notamment à l insécurité (attaques ciblées, attentats, enlèvements ), qui minent les efforts pour le développement. The Laureates on the Champs-Elysées Thanks to the support of JCDecaux which has donated its publicity spaces every year, the Fondation Chirac has been able to display the Prize for Conflict Prevention laureates on the Champs-Elysées since the first ceremony in 2009. In 2010, a partnership with Media Transports extended this poster campaign to Paris s metro and RER stations. The Fondation Chirac wishes to thank these media partners. 26

media and Conflict Prevention Be it questioning the contribution of new media in conflict prevention or teaching journalism, it is in partnership with the AFP Foundation that we initiate dialogue again and again. AFP Foundation PROJECT MEDIA FOR DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM IN LEBANON In Lebanon, the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) are far from being achieved, in particular the fight against poverty, access to youth employment, reducing illiteracy, preserving the environment, and access to safe water and sanitation. In a report*, the UN Development Programme (UNDP) noted that divisions between communities slowed progress on these issues: facing similar challenges, the Lebanese communities ignore each other and handle the problems separately. Furthermore, the UNDP in Lebanon states that the media do not contribute to developing dialogue between Shiites, Sunnis, Maronites, Druze, etc. Convinced that the media can alert citizens, policy makers, and institutional heads to the urgency to accelerate the achievement of the MDGs, and equally confident in their ability to contribute to the debate between different communities, the AFP Foundation and the UNDP have established a two year plan of action (2011-2012): Achievements IN 2011-3 training workshops were held between April and December 2011, for 30 journalists from 15 different media entities. - 150 students and 400 high school students were educated with the program. - 2 independent reports established by the Media Observatory of Lebanon. In 2012 - Raising awareness for local politicians and business leaders. - Training journalists on the possibilities of media and the Internet. The Fondation Chirac, along with the French Ministry of Foreign Affairs, supports this project. About thirty journalists, from all types of media (print and broadcast) received training on how to cover these topics. An Observatory of Lebanese Media will produce reports on the evolution of news coverage on these issues. * Towards a Citizen s State "New Media and Conflict Prevention" This first conference focused on the opportunities offered by media and social networks to build peace and promote dialogue. Stanislas Magniant, co-founder of Netpolitique.net*, moderated debates between Internet professionals, journalists, diplomats, and researchers: Anne-Sophie Bordry / Director of Public Affairs for Facebook (France and Southern Europe) William Echikson / Head of Free Expression for Google (Africa, Europe, and the Middle East) Fabrice Epelboin / Internet entrepreneur, and founder of several online media offerings Salpi Ghazarian / Director of the Civilitas Foundation (Armenia) Liliane Landor / Languages Controller for the BBC Joseph Maïla / Prospective Director for the French Ministry of Foreign Affairs Omar Saghi / Author and political scientist November 30, 2011, Sciences-Po hosted the first conference of the series. Ghassan Salamé / Dean of the Sciences Po School of International Affairs - Sciences Po Jean-Pierre Lafon / Vice President of the Fondation Chirac * News and political analysis website Prize for Conflict Prevention 27

Access to water and sanitation Water and Food, Water and Health : two urgent needs for both humanity and peace Water and food: Agriculture is by far the largest consumer of water on the planet. Man needs 3000 liters of water per day for food, whereas he only needs 3 liters to drink! Population growth and climate change have upset local balances. Symbol of this challenge, shared by most major trans-boundary rivers, the Niger basin provides resources to nine countries, which total 275 million inhabitants. Its average flow is inexorably declining, its environment has undergone rapid degradation, and 75 million additional people will inhabit the region before 2025. How will these men and women live if their countries do not agree, today, in order to make their development plans compatible with tomorrow s resources and needs? Water and health: it is a far too well known fact that waterborne diseases are the leading causes of death worldwide. Here it is not the scarcity of water that is primarily targeted but rather the availability of basic equipment and services. The Millennium Development Goals, committed to in 2000, seemed to mark the start of an international mobilization. Access to water appeared as a sub-target for Goal 7 on the environment; access to sanitation 28 was added two years later. Beyond words, what has truly taken place? Reasons for Indignation The world is congratulating itself today with the declaration that the Millennium Development Goals for water will be met by 2015 and those for sanitation a few years later. The numbers are correct, but we must insist on the fact that the achievement is misleading. The reality is that 4 billion people on this planet still do not have access to truly clean drinking water at home, and that this figure is on the rise! Access to improved water, the indicator chosen by the UN, does not mean access to clean drinking water, but rather water that is relatively clear and which must be fetched several hundreds of meters from home. For sanitation, and we will continue to insist on the fact that the most important contribution to health is clean drinking water, the situation is worse. Reality is also that the number of people suffering from famine, which had been in decline over the past fifty years, has begun to rise again over the past ten years. It now exceeds one billion. Meanwhile, the international convention on trans-boundary waterways, drafted by the UN, has been waiting since 1997-15 years already - to enter into effect due to an insufficient number of signatories. The reality that world statistics are not stating is that an entire continent, Africa, has accumulated delays and handicaps, and it will concentrate the demographic and urban explosion of the decades to come. Yet we know that solutions do exist, and that economic excuses are not admissible since all the calculations show that the needed investments would provide unequalled returns. However, selfishness and short-sighted calculations still win out. Leaders of rich countries do not honor their very modest commitments to official development assistance, whereas most developing countries have not made water a priority in their programs or their budgets. The emergency is now Twenty years ago, Jacques Chirac had already started alerting international conscience by pointing out government responsibility for water issues. The emergency is now. We must forcibly pursue our efforts to encourage the governments of rich countries to honor their commitments! Developing countries must make water and sanitation a priority in their policies! The 1997 Convention on the transboundary waterways must be signed and come into force! Water and sanitation must finally become Millennium Development Goals in and of themselves! Jacques Bertrand

The Scientific Committee directed by Jacques Bertrand, President of the AquaOrbi Association Maurice Bernard Division Chief, Water and Sanitation for the French Development Agency (AFD) Philippe Brongniart Former Director General of the Suez Group Michel Camdessus Director General of the International Monetary Fund from 1987 to 2000, founding member of the Fondation Chirac Marc Gentilini General delegate for Access to Quality Medicines and Healthcare, president of the Water Academy Ali Kies Former head of water and sanitation at the African Development Bank (ADB) Olivier Lafourcade The World Bank s Director for Mexico from 1996 to 2002, specialist of Latin America Ghislain de Marsily Professor at the University of Paris VI and Ecole des Mines de Paris, director of the Laboratory of Applied Geology, member of the Water Academy Jean-Louis Oliver Secretary General of the Water Academy Jacques Oudin Senator of Vendée from 1986 to 2004, former president of the National Water Committee Jean-Michel Severino Former Director General of the French Development Agency (AFD) Marie-Laure Vercambre Head of the Green Cross International Water Programme In July 2010, the UN recognized the right to drinking water as a fundamental human right However, nearly 900 million people worldwide still lack access to an improved water source. By 2050, world population will reach 9 billion people. Industrialization and urbanization impact the environment. Irrigation needs are growing. Over 260 river basins are shared by two or more countries, increasing the risk of conflict over access to this vital resource. Even though the international community has mobilized, notably by adopting in 2003 during the G8 summit in Evian, an action plan for water, much remains to be done. The Millennium Development Goal is to reduce by half the proportion of people without access to water or sanitation by 2015; this is far from being reached. The Fondation Chirac, member of the World Water Council and the French Water Partnership, has committed to undertaking advocacy and field efforts for this right to become a reality. Access to water and sanitation 29

THE RIGHT TO WATER Conference Water for all, ending the unacceptable November 8, 2010 at the Collège de France. The SUEZ ENVIRONMENT foundation, Water for All, and the Institut de France, in partnership with the Fondation Chirac, gathered together water stakeholders to reflect on practical ways to quickly attain the Millennium Goals: Halve by 2015 the proportion of people who do not have sustainable access to safe drinking water and a basic sanitation systems. M. Gabriel de Broglie opened the conference by stating: Today, we celebrate imagination. The often visible stagnation in access to water in certain regions of the world does not have to shatter our dreams and make us forget that practical solutions exist and are being used. This is the goal of this symposium: to focus on the conditions that yield success in access to water and sanitation. We are no longer debating principles; the requirement of results must now be the motor driving all the actors working for access to water. Our common projects must no longer be confined to debate, and they must no longer be limited to dreams. Interview with Jacques Bertrand How do you see the partnership between the Fondation Chirac and AquaOrbi? As I see it, the Fondation Chirac s contribution lies in its ability to lend legitimacy and credibility to the projects it supports through its prestige and through the expertise of those who constitute its various committees. This is very important for AquaOrbi, because what we are doing in Haiti is only useful if the project is duplicated and truly becomes a development standard that others in turn can apply. The manufacturing of water treatment units began thanks to the financial support of EUR 50 000 provided by the Fondation Chirac. I would like to also add that the support has created a ripple effect, encouraging others to become associated as well. What solutions do you see the Fondation Chirac bringing to the 6 th World Water Forum in Marseille, from March 12 to 17, 2012? The Marseille Forum aims to be the Forum of solutions. The Fondation Chirac has demonstrated its unique ability to bring together different figures and countries. I am thinking notably of its efforts for the Forum Solidarity for Water in Niger Basin Countries held in Bamako on October 17 and 18, 2011. Few institutions, other than the Fondation Chirac, are capable of creating such an environment, which allows countries to work in synergy on a subject as delicate as the joint management of a trans-boundary river and of a threatened resource, in a context of increasing needs due to demographic pressures. To accomplish this, you need a unique blend of incomparable respectability borne by a name, that of President Jacques Chirac, and by his formidable reputation in the field of development; combined with a strong legitimacy thanks to the many individuals who compose the Fondation, coming from different sectors such as finance, health, water. 30

AQUAORBI, FIELD PARTNER Providing mid-size cities in the poorest countries the ability to efficiently manage their water services, to improve their quality, and to expand these services into a network that reaches the entire population is an urgent priority. AquaOrbi believes this is possible only if we adopt new actors in new forms of partnership. We need to develop human resources in the field by transferring knowledge, to build trust between the operator and the parties involved, and to remain focused on helping the poorest, the most precarious, and the most informal populations. AquaOrbi combines the human motivations of NGOs with the rigorous management attributed to major economic groups. AquaOrbi s project to purify water in the hill lakes of Haiti s High Central Plateau, supported by the Fondation Chirac. Slim Robert I am Slim Robert, a young, 24 year old Haitian who went to high school at the Little Sisters of the Incarnation institution, in Port-au-Prince. Brother Franklin Armand has always watched over me, not as a dependent of the Brotherhood but rather as a son of the community. I studied auto mechanics, then I started working as a teacher and technician in the field at the technical high school in Hinche. Thanks to the Brotherhood, alongside my professional activities, I was also able to continue my studies in Business Administration and Management Science at the Autonomous University of Port-au-Prince. Two years ago, Brother Armand talked to me about the project to produce drinking water by purifying the water from catchment ponds. I thought about all the problems my country faces, including the great need of water. It was a tremendous joy when Brother Franklin asked me to join the project, through Jacques Bertrand, president of AquaOrbi. I have been working here since July 2010. I was originally trained in Haiti by experts sent by AquaOrbi. I learned to handle the newly installed unit at Pandiassou, the first to treat Haiti s lake water. Several months later, I was able to travel to France and receive further training. I came three times between 2010 and 2012, each time for a month of very thorough training. I did an internship with an operator, Gaz et Eaux, another in a quality control laboratory for water, and several others in a company that assembles the ultrafiltration units. I learned to operate, maintain, and assemble our own purifying facilities in Haiti, without foreign assistance, so we can be autonomous. I have become the project s technical manager in Haiti. During these internships, I am very proud to have assembled all by myself the first water treatment plant by ultrafiltration truly designed for Haiti. The experts of AquaOrbi have done everything to transmit their experience, their expertise; I have learned a lot. I am very happy to be able to participate in the welfare of my beloved Haiti. With this project, I want all of the country s inhabitants to have access to really clean water, at prices they can afford, especially in the remotest areas. I want to create the most professional water treatment company and for us to provide our services to all the Caribbean one day. I want to always be ready to help my country, to help all those who have no means, I want to help develop a community, a city, and a nation like Brother Franklin Armand, who is a role model for me through his efforts for our country. Slim Robert,engineer trained in France. Brother Franklin Armand Religion and poverty do not go together. Evangelizing is first of all giving man his dignity. Dignity is not assistance; it is standing straight and tall! It also means earning one s living. What we wish from outside assistance is not just roads, hospitals, water purification plants; we also need help to be ourselves, to be given the means to achieve this. This is what we are doing with AquaOrbi for drinking water. We have already trained two young Haitians in the installation and maintenance of purification plants for the water from our catchment ponds. These young engineers were a blessing when cholera hit our country. We now hope to be able to provide the same service that we have here in Pandiassou to the entire country, with our own means. It is very important and it changes everything! Excerpt from the letter of Gérald Jean-Baptiste, President of the DINEPA (National Directorate for drinking water and sanitation) This project equipped Haiti for the first time with a treatment plant for catchment pond water. It hopes to expand the experience by creating in Haiti the ability to autonomously assemble and maintain other such water purification units. Finally, it fit in perfectly with one of the priorities of the national development plan for access to drinking water. It will indeed provide a local solution that does not currently exist in Haiti for those communities without resources for naturally clean drinking water (lakes, rivers, boreholes or turbid sources subject to biological contamination...). The onset of the cholera epidemic has clearly demonstrated the critical need. This project could become a center of excellence on water treatment, a complement to the projects the DINEPA will develop as part of its Water School project. Access to water and sanitation 31

ACHIEVEMENTS from Bamako... to Marseille On October 17 and 18, 2011, the Fondation Chirac, in partnership with the Republic of Mali in Bamako, organized the forum Solidarity for water in Niger Basin countries as part of the regional preparatory process for the 2012 World Water Forum, with the following goals: - To arouse political support and participate in exemplary field efforts to improve the management of the Niger River Basin. - Advocate for the ratification of the 1997 UN International Convention amongst the countries involved. THE NIGER BASIN, AN OVERVIEW The situation According to the UN, of the 884 million people currently without access to safe drinking water, over a third live in sub-saharan Africa: only 60% of the continent s population use an improved water source 1. In the growing cities, less than half the population is connected to a drinking water distribution system 2, others depend on collective water sources (fountains, small-scale water vendors), which paradoxically cost more than the municipal system. This delay penalizes already fragile populations over the long term. International mobilization must be sustained and greater efforts from all actors must focus on this region of the world. causes The region s difficult geographic and climatic context: water scarcity in desert and semi-desert areas, low annual rainfall has been in decline since the 1970s... The unwillingness of public policies: insufficient governance and limited financial resources hinder the necessary investments in infrastructure for water, sanitation, and maintenance. Population growth: population has grown from just under 100 million to over 700 million people during the last century. This is due to a falling rates of mortality and birth rates that remain very high. This growth should continue at a rate of about 2.5% per year (twice as fast as the average for other developing countries). The UN predicts there will be 1.8 billion people on the subcontinent in 2050. Urbanization: in 1950, there was not a single city of over one million inhabitants in all of sub-saharan Africa. Today, there are 38 and this figure is on the rise. Between 1990 and 2010: The population of Abuja (Nigeria) grew by 504%. That of Niamey (Niger) by 143%. That of Bamako (Mali) by 127% 3. Climate change: according to a latest report of the UN Environment Programme 4, the average temperatures in Africa have increased by roughly 0.7 C during the 20th century. This trend is expected to continue in the semi-arid area south of the Sahara and in the heart of southern Africa. The joint declaration of Niger Basin States during the Bamako Forum is based on nine principles. 1/ Ratify the UN Convention on International Watercourses (1997); 2/ Strengthen measurement tools and the necessary structures to maintain them; 3/ Make access to sanitation a priority. Apply a Polluter Pays tax. Inform and raise awareness about the dangers of using unclean water; 4/ Commit to optimizing water consumption, especially for irrigation; 5/ Establish dedicated funding mechanisms (innovative financing, fees, special taxes...); 6/ Strengthen national budgets dedicated to access to water and sanitation in order to stimulate international aid; 7/ Encourage decentralized cooperation; 8/ Plan new joint projects: infrastructure, large dams; 9/ Implement national and international legislation that comply with and are adapted to the Niger Basin Water Charter. 1. According to the World Health Organization, the improved water sources are the technological means and the services that provide drinking water, thanks to household connections, public water systems, boreholes, protected dug wells, protected springs, and rainwater." 2. L eau : quels enjeux pour l Afrique subsaharienne?, Mathieu Mérino, Note de la Fondation pour la recherche stratégique, n 20, 2008 3. AQUASTAT, United Nations World Population Prospects 32

This induces major environmental consequences. First, extreme events (floods and droughts) will worsen in rate and scale. The already inadequate water supply will be drastically reduced. The majority of the continent s countries will experience severe hydric stress 5. The Niger s hydrological regime is well known thanks to over a century of data 6. We can thus confirm that the drought that began forty years ago is the longest and most severe ever recorded since the beginning of last century. Experts now talk of lasting change in the river s regime, and no longer simply of a temporary phenomenon. Port and market in Mopti, Mali. Human Sécurité and humaine food et security alimentaire in the dans Niger le bassin basindu Niger ALGÉRIE Nouakchott MAURITANIE MALI Tombouctou Gao NIGER Dakar Banjul Bissau SÉNÉGAL GAMBIE GUINÉE- BISSAU Conakry Freetown CAP-VERT Bassin du Niger Praia Population des villes du bassin du Niger, 2010 (en milliers d habitants) 1 995 1 048 218 10 Kindia SIERRA LEONE Monrovia Kouroussa Siguiri GUINEE LIBERIA Densité rurale (en habitants par km², 2005) >200 100 à 200 50 à 100 15 à 50 <15 Kankan Bamako Ségou Mopti CÔTE D'IVOIRE Yamoussoukro Djénné Abidjan Zone de pêche principale Système de production pastoral Zone d irrigation importante (entre 5 et 20% des terres) Bandiagara Ouagadougou BURKINA FASO GHANA Accra TOGO Abuja 504 Niamey 143 Bamako 127 Port Harcourt 89 Lomé Tillaberi Niamey BÉNIN Dosso Gaya Lagos Porto Novo Evolution de la population de quelques villes entre 1990 et 2010 (en %) Dogondoutchi Bida Minna Lokoja NIGERIA Abuja Malabo (Guinée-Équ.) Asaba Onitsha Port Harcourt Yaoundé CAMEROUN Sources : AQUASTAT ; www.atlas-ouestafrique.org ; UN, World Population Prospects : the 2008 Revision and World Urbanization Prospects : the 2009 Revision, www.un.org/esa/population ; www.populationdata.net ; http://world-gazetter.com. TCHAD Camille Niaufre et Ségolène Davin pour la Fondation Chirac / Atelier de cartographie de Sciences Po, 2011 N'Djamena 4. Third Assessment Report of the UNEP/WMO Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC-2001) See http://www.grida.no/publications/vg/africa/ (UNEP s information website) 5. Water stress occurs when the demand for water exceeds the available amount during a certain period or when poor quality restricts its use. (Source: United Nations Environment Programme) 6. Gil Mahe, hydrologist in charge of research at the Institute of Research for Development Access to water and sanitation 33

ACHIEVEMENTS 6 th World Water Forum IN MARSEILLE Two heads of state, Idriss Deby (Chad) and Mahamadou Issoufou (Niger) signed the Declaration on March 12, 2012 in Marseille, the first day of the 6 th World Water Forum. Interview with Dr. Malika Issoufou Mahamadou Dr. Malika Mahamadou Issoufou, as president of the Tattali-Iyali foundation, you have just signed a partnership agreement with the Fondation Chirac. What are your priority field projects? I have indeed just signed an agreement linking the Tattali-Iyali foundation and the Fondation Chirac. I hope this partnership will be especially productive in terms of meeting the needs of the poorest populations. Niger s 2011 harvest was particularly low, with a deficit of over 700,000 tons. The arrival of refugees from Libya, Ivory Coast, and Mali has complicated an already difficult national situation. The country has endured numerous trials in terms of food, nutrition, health, and safety. We are currently preparing projects to propose to our partners in 2012. These projects aim at improving living conditions for over 100,000 vulnerable women through microcredit activities. Some of these include access to clean water by sinking 1,500 wells in rural areas and encouraging schooling for girls; the latter is only possible through the construction of infrastructures and providing support for parents. This support generally entails reducing the daily work load for women: ensuring access to water, providing grain mills, teaching small trades and techniques for food processing. A partnership was signed in March 2012 with the first lady of Niger s Tattali-Iyali Foundation 34

decentralized cooperation developing the Oudin-Santini law s 1% system Jacques Oudin Senator of Vendee from 1986 to 2004, former president of the National Water Committee, Member of the Fondation Chirac s Scientific Committee for Access to water and sanitation. Though state public aid is important, it is not enough. Beyond the initial investment, we must carry out a comprehensive water policy. This requires systems of water planning and management that cannot be achieved without the close involvement of local authorities and populations. [...] Besides cooperative actions that local authorities can finance with their general budget (1992 Act), a special scheme exists to fund water and sanitation efforts. The February 9, 2005 Oudin law allows municipalities, their water management groups, and of course, the water agencies, to collect up to 1% of their water and sanitation budget to finance similar actions in favor of the poor. Today there are only a few hundred contributors out of over 10 000 potential donors. Of the 25 major contributors, the most important are the six French Water Agencies, who provide the bulk of the funds raised. Greater funds could be collected if more donors were mobilized: - Total possible funds that could be mobilized: 120 million euros; - Funds raised in 2011: 18 million euros; - Annual Funds that could potentially be mobilized: 70 million euros. In developing countries, women walk an average of six kilometers a day to fetch water. Goal: To encourage local communities to distribute the potential 1% solidarity funds. The Fondation Chirac is committed to developing this initiative and supports the expansion of a similar 1% system to other European Union countries and internationally. Means of intervention: The Fondation encourages relationships between project leaders seeking funding and French communities willing to finance a project. By providing its label with established criteria, the Fondation offers a guarantee to the communities that support these efforts. This program is run in partnership with Access to water and sanitation 35

Access to quality healthcare and medicines As President of the French Republic, Jacques Chirac was unflaggingly committed to furthering access to quality healthcare and medicines. He was at the heart of the international effort to establish the Millenium Development Goals, three of which are dedicated to health, as well as a key advocate of the tax on airline tickets, an innovative funding mechanism that currently finances Unitaid, a fund for purchasing medicine at low costs for the poorest populations suffering from the world s three major diseases: HIV/AIDS, malaria, or tuberculosis. This commitment, backed by his Fondation, is guided by a vision that is both humanist and political. Far too many children, women, and men are victims in southern countries of illnesses that are easily cured under other latitudes. The individual and collective consequences inflicted by these diseases at the social level limit the economic growth of these States. A little known scourge: The traffic of falsified medicines One of the Fondation Chirac s priorities is the fight against the relatively unknown scourge, the traffic of falsified medicines. It is one of globalisation s side effects and by its growth, it has destabilized public health. These products are manufactured in makeshift pharmacies, with no hygiene control, and often with toxic ingredients. They resemble official medication in their packaging, their appearance, and their posology. They can be found in street stalls street medicine - but also sometimes in official pharmacies, and of course on the Internet without any guarantees whatsoever! Buyers looking for lower prices do not realize that they risk aggravating their symptoms through over or under dosage, or an intolerance to the excipients. The toxicity of the products that have been sold to them can, among other consequences, also encourage the development of drug resistance. According to the WHO, this deadly trade represents, at least 10% of all pharmaceutical exchanges with rates that are four to six times higher in certain, less economically developed countries. The traffickers, responsible for this new form of criminality, are keenly aware that this windfall is much more profitable than illegal drugs, because it carries no penal sanctions. The Cotonou Declaration The Fondation Chirac, through its President, launched a solemn declaration on October 12, 2009: the Cotonou Declaration. The goal of this political plea was to encourage an international awareness campaign. It also aimed to mobilise decision makers at the highest level of States in order to encourage all the actors of the health chain to cooperate at the international level and to create the necessary legislative and normative conditions to protect the poorest populations. After two years, this Declaration has been signed by 51 heads of State and international organizations, as well as encouraged by 11 other countries. Through their signatures, the political leaders committed to implementing the necessary reforms to resolve the problem at several levels: informing populations of the risks they are facing, training customs officials and laboratory technicians responsible for quality control of medication, and mobilising the police thanks to Interpol. Measures to improve sustainable access to quality medicine and healthcare It is necessary to rapidly impose international legislation, a legally binding instrument that applies to all. This is why the Fondation Chirac supports the Medicrime Convention, drafted by the Council of Europe. Widely open for signatures since October 2011, it introduced criminal sanctions, prevention, and victim protection. Finally, the partnership established in 2010 with the French Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MAE) will begin in 2012 to focus on Regional Governance against falsified medicines. This axis is the continuation of the September 2011 Round Table in Ouagadougou, which brought together West African officials and technicians. They developed a Regional Strategic Plan, which these regional partners will implement with the joint help and support of the Fondation and the MAE. In order to develop field efforts to improve healthcare, the Fondation Chirac has part- 36

nered with the OPALS (Pan-African Organization for Health). Their partnership is primarily and concretely translated by financial support to the Outpatient Pediatric Center of the Yopougon hospital (Abidjan, Ivory Coast). The center, which was completed in March 2012, with support from the City of Paris and U.S. bilateral cooperation, will be a complement to the hospital s pediatric care. It will offer HIV+ children and their mothers better access to care and appropriate support. In 2012, the service took care of over 1000 HIV+ children, 600 of whom are on antiretroviral therapy (ART). In 2012, the Fondation Chirac s strategy will also include vaccinations. According to the WHO, 1.7 million children died in 2008 of a disease that could have been prevented with a vaccine. The Fondation has joined with the GAVI Alliance to fight this injustice. The GAVI Alliance began over a decade ago to provide better access to vaccines to all. This new collaboration will result in strong advocacy campaigns directed at the heads of Francophone, developing countries. P r Marc Gentilini The Scientific Committee, headed by Professor Marc Gentilini, Honorary President and Member of the Academy of Medicine, Honorary President of the French Red Cross Miloud Belkaïd Advisor to the Foundation Mérieux Philippe Bernagou Director of the Pierre Fabre Foundation Claude Debrulle Deputy magistrate, former General Director of the Belgian Ministry of Justice, Honorary Chairman of the Council of Europe s Steering Committee on Crime Problems D r Hélène Degui Regional Pharmaceutical Adviser for OCEAC Jacques Franquet Honorary Prefect, Director of IRACM, former director of Sanofi-Aventis Economic Security, former senior vice president of the United Nations International Narcotics Control Board (INCB) Yves Juillet Member of the Académie de Médecine Edgard Kpatindé Special Adviser to the President of the Republic of Benin Stéphane Mantion Project manager for Overseas Territories, European Affairs, and International Relations at the Health and Sports Ministry Aline Plançon Head of the Interpol unit against pharmaceutical crime D r Pierre Saliou Associate Professor of the Val de Grace hospital, member of the Academy of Overseas Sciences D r Tuan Tran-Minh Physician, adviser for international solidarity organizations focused on medical issues Bernard Vatier Lawyer, head of the Paris Bar (1996-1997), and founding member of the Fondation Chirac Pierre-André Wiltzer Former Minister delegate for Cooperation and Francophonie (2002-2004) Christophe Zimmermann Coordinator of the fight against counterfeiting and piracy for the World Customs Organization Goodwill Ambassador: Mohammed Vall Chairman of the Military Council for Justice and Democracy in Mauritania (2005 to 2007) Falsified medicines, a deadly deception aimed at the most vulnerable populations Securing pharmaceutical channels and lowering the cost of drugs Approximately 10% of medicines sold worldwide are counterfeit. In the poorest countries, this traffic concerns over 30% of medicines on the market. 700 000 victims of counterfeit medicines for malaria and tuberculosis (2009 - International Policy Network) Trafficking in counterfeit drugs is 25 times more profitable than selling illegal drugs. While a drug user knows that he is using an illicit product, a patient does not know that he is using a dangerous drug. 96% of online pharmacies are illegal (2011 - National Association of Boards of Pharmacy) Operation Pangea IV seized 2.4 million pills with a total worth of 6.3 billion USD (2011 - Interpol) The term falsified medicines designates the falsified or improperly designed version of both generic and branded drugs. Sold in the streets and markets, consumers buy them in good faith. The active and inactive ingredients are improperly dosed, sometimes toxic, and their use has devastating consequences: renal or bone complications, drug resistance... that could lead to the death of patients. Access to quality healthcare and medicines 37

Mobilization The Cotonou Declaration, October 12, 2009 Politicizing the issue of falsified medicines Faced with the health emergency constituted by the very low universal access to quality medicines, international action must clearly focus on public health and treatment at the political level. This is why President Jacques Chirac, President Boni Yayi of the Benin Republic and President Blaise Compaore of the Republic of Burkina Faso launched, on October 12, 2009, the Cotonou Declaration in order to make the fight against falsified drugs a political priority. The criminal economy of falsified drugs is appalling. Because it preys on the poorest countries, and within them, on families with no social protection and no financial means; because it involves drugs that are the most vital to individual and public health: treatment for malaria, tuberculosis, and AIDS; because it has spread everywhere, into street markets, on the Internet; and because it has developed to the point of becoming almost more profitable than the illegal drug trade; because falsified medicines do not simply dupe the hopes of the ill, they are poisons that often kill or maim. Jacques Chirac TWO YEARS LATER, A DUAL MOBILISATION Since its launch, the Appeal has received 51 signatures and several initiatives have strengthened international mobilization. In 2010 January 19: Development of a law against falsified medicines in Congo - Brazzaville. June 24: Speech by Jacques Chirac to the Council of the World Customs Organization. September 17: Presentation of the campaign against falsified medicines before representatives of ACP (African, Caribbean and Pacific) countries in Brussels. October 15: Conference in partnership with the Fondation Pierre Fabre and the Mutualité Française on falsified medicines at the Palais Brongniart in Paris. October 24: Adoption of a resolution against falsified medicines by the heads of state and government of la Francophonie. November 12: Adoption of a resolution against falsified medicines by the ACP Group of States. Mid-November: Interpol reaffirmed its commitment to fighting the traffic of falsified medicines. December 6 to 7: European Development Days, conference on falsified medicines organized with Mr. Louis Michel, MEP, Co- Chairman of the ACP-EU Parliamentary Assembly. December 8: Adoption of the MEDICRIME Convention by the Committee of Ministers of the Council of Europe. December 20: Inauguration of Cotonou s National Laboratory for Drug Quality Control. In 2011 February 16: A new directive, approved by the European Parliament, reinforced tools against counterfeit medicines: patient protection, securing distribution channels, particularly on the Internet. September 27 to 29: Ouagadougou Roundtable, Burkina Faso hosted a roundtable with all the institutional and non-governmental entities concerned about drug quality and the fight against the traffic of counterfeit drugs in West Africa. October 26: The MEDICRIME Convention is open for signature by Member and non-members States of the Council of Europe. 38

We must abolish the death penalty incurred by the poorest patients! ˮ Professor Marc Gentilini Falsified medicines: how to fight them? Professor Marc Gentilini, managing director of the Fondation Chirac for Access to Health and Quality Medicines, has called for the adoption of a multidisciplinary strategy at all levels of decision making and for a large scale consumer alert: In other words, changing public opinion is the sole method to improve the situation and ban the killers. However, this does not mean we should stop working to lower the purchasing price of medicines. Without this, despite the health risks, the most vulnerable populations will continue to buy off the streets and in markets. Conference The trafficking of falsified medicines; how to fight it? October 15, 2010 at the Palais Brongniart, Paris Christophe Zimmermann, Coordinator of the fight against counterfeiting and piracy for the World Customs Organization A twenty-first century crime For now, northern countries are still relatively unaffected; despite the fact that counterfeiting is now visible on our borders. European, and French customs of course, are particularly active and in a permanent state of alert. In 1998, EU customs intercepted 18 million counterfeit products. In 2009, 117 million products were seized, including 18 million products that are health hazards. At Roissy airport alone, 29 million packages transit yearly... Imagine the number of controls that need to be carried out! The traffic of falsified medicines generally uses Europe as a transit zone. THE EUROPEAN Development Days December 7, 2010 The conference on the role of the European Union in the fight against falsified medicines addressed three major themes: - The current state of governance of healthcare and of access to quality medicines; - Needs analysis in the field and of priority efforts to be implemented; - The structural, legal advances that defeat the production and trafficking of falsified medicines. Mo Ibrahim, founding President of the Ibrahim Foundation, opened the conference by taking stock of the situation: Falsified medicines is not a sexy topic. The media does not address this topic. According to Interpol, 65 000 people have died from terrorism over the past forty years; whereas this year, 200 000 people have died from taking falsified medicines. We must redefine the threat of falsified medicines as a terrorist threat. Access to quality healthcare and medicines 39

Mobilization INTERNATIONAL BODIES Member states of La Francophonie have adopted a resolution on falsified medicines and medical products, at the Francophonie Summit held in Montreux (Switzerland) from October 22 to 24, 2010. The Council of Ministers of the ACP Group of States (Africa, Caribbean and Pacific), constituted to develop relations between developing countries and the EU, also adopted a resolution on November 12, 2010, to make the fight against falsified medicines a priority in development and health policies. A directive to better protect patients by rendering distribution channels safe, particularly on the Internet, was validated on February 16, 2011 by the European Parliament: The Directive, which should come into force in 2012/2013, provides for the creation of a logo that identifies legal pharmaceutical websites, creating a system of traceability and stronger sanctions against traffickers. Marisa Matias, MEP, who led the Parliamentary discussions used terms from the Cotonou Declaration in her warning against falsified medicines : Silent killers because they have no effect or contain toxic substances that can harm or even kill those who take them. The absence of a legal framework encourages counterfeiting, an organized crime. We are witnessing the strong growth of this criminal activity, with a 400% increase in seizures of falsified medicines since 2005. Protecting patient safety is the Directive s central goal. with the MINISTRY OF FOREIGN AFFAIRS On December 14, 2010, the General Direction of Globalization, Development, and Partnerships (DGM) of the French Foreign Ministry and the Fondation Chirac signed a partnership agreement that addressed in part the fight against falsified medicines. Pharmacide, video on the falsified medicines sold over the Internet The French Ministry of Foreign Affairs and the Fondation Chirac produced Pharmacide, a video warning about the dangers of buying medicines over the Internet. In February 2010, one out of every five European consumers regularly bought medicines over the Internet (Pfizer study). In France, 14% of interviewed people say they buy prescription drugs over the Internet. One of France s projects abroad: the Observatory of illicit trafficking in the Mekong Based in Bangkok, it is at the heart of a cooperation project conducted by the French Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MFA) with Laos, Cambodia, and Vietnam, to fight against the falsified products that represent high risks to health or safety. This region of South East Asia is heavily affected by the trafficking of all kinds, including that of counterfeit products or those representing health and safety hazards. In response, the project aims to build a framework for solid, standardized, and consistent action, which will permit an operational collaboration in the region. A comprehensive survey of the current state of affairs was compiled in cooperation with the authorities of the countries concerned in order to offer recommendations to the relevant ministerial departments on how to strengthen government efforts to improve the legal framework, knowledge of traffic, know-how, and inter-ministerial organization. All of these efforts are designed to lead to a significant increase in findings, seizures, arrests, prosecution, and adjudication of traffickers. Officers from the relevant ministries and administrations (customs, police, health, justice) are trained in order to consolidate the capacities and synergies between complementary administrations. A communication component has also been established to inform health professionals and consumers about their rights and risks. This work fully corresponds with the recommendations advocated by the Fondation Chirac since the Cotonou Declaration. The Directorate-General of Globalization, of Development, and Partnerships (MAE-DGM) The DGM, created in April 2009 as part of the reorganization of the French Ministry of Foreign Affairs, allows French diplomacy to anticipate, identify, and meet the challenges of globalization. Faced with global issues that directly affect the lives of our citizens, as well as with a proliferation of parties involved, the MFA - along with the DGM- intends to focus on the necessary handling of these global issues, convinced that every major economic, cultural and societal issue requires more open collective actions with increased partnerships, foresight, interdepartmental coordination, responsiveness, interdisciplinarity, and a resolutely European approach. 40

field WORK WITH OPALS On June 21, 2011, the Pan-African Organization for Health (OPALS) signed a framework agreement with the Fondation Chirac. The context was presented by Professor Gentilini - Honorary President of the French Red Cross, president and managing director of the OPALS, and Managing Director of the Fondation Chirac program for Access to Quality Medicines and Healthcare. The Fondation Chirac s vocation is political advocacy; however, it is also committed to practical efforts, which it considers to be the booster shots for its message. Through its four axes - access to healthcare, access to water, access to land resources, defense of cultural diversity - it considers action programs undertaken in partnership with associations that are confronted with the realities in the field. From the Salle Gaveau (Paris) to the Yopougon hospital (Abidjan) A solidarity concert OPALS is a medical association of international solidarity, founded in 1988 that was originally dedicated to the medical treatment of HIV patients in Sub-Saharan Africa. Its mandate has expanded to include Maternal and Child Health. It has thus become part of the effort to achieve the Millenium goals: fighting the three major pandemics (HIV, tuberculosis, and malaria) and reducing maternal and infant mortality. In 2011, OPALS conducted programs in six countries: Angola, Côte d Ivoire, Gabon, Guinea Conakry, Senegal, and Togo. On May 9, 2012, the Fondation Chirac and the Orchestre de l Alliance organized, at the Salle Gaveau in Paris, a solidarity concert in favor of OPALS recent project in Côte d Ivoire: the construction of the Pediatric Outpatient Center (CTAP), which supplements, in Abidjan, the Yopougon hospital s pediatric care. It will offer HIV+ children and their mothers better access to care and appropriate support. In 2012, over 1,000 HIV+ children, including roughly 600 currently on antiretroviral treatment, were treated in this center. Côte d Ivoire is the West African country most affected by HIV / AIDS. It has 420,000 people living with HIV/AIDS: 60% are women of childbearing age, 12% are children under fifteen. Abidjan is the region most affected by this pandemic. Interview with Pejman Memarzadeh, Conductor of the Orchestre de l Alliance Your previous concerts were organized to support highly public associations, such as WWF and the Red Cross. These concerts raised 465,000 that were then redistributed to 14 organizations. Why did you choose the Fondation Chirac this season? The Fondation Chirac, with the excellence and diversity of its efforts, was a natural fit for our desire to help resonate, through music, efforts that are carried out in the field. I would also like to add that as a French-Iranian citizen, I have always been particularly responsive to President Jacques Chirac s approach. He promotes respect for cultural diversity, focusing on multifaceted approaches to fundamental issues, be they related to politics, public health, or the environment. His strong commitment to peace has found a natural prolongation in his Fondation s activities; activities that he has crowned with a specific Prize. The Fondation organized a charity concert on May 9, 2012. Access to quality healthcare and medicines 41

Building Awareness StrengthenING regional governance in West Africa The most important event to take place in West Africa since the Cotonou Declaration, the Round Table was held in Ouagadougou from September 27 to 29, 2011. Participants of the Ouagadougou Round Table recommended that West African community institutions, the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS), and the West African Economic and Monetary Union (UEMOA) prepare a regional strategic plan that aims to: Strengthen the capacities of all stakeholders (health professionals, police, customs, judges, parliamentarians, journalists, etc..) involved in the fight against falsified medicines. Strengthen the institutional and organizational capacity of the national authorities of drug regulation. Establish a group of experts to develop a regional framework legislation for the fight against falsified medicines. Establish a steering committee or a broader platform for partners, professional bodies and associations of health, customs, police, industry, foundations, consumer groups, justice and international organizations, international cooperation... Create a Priority Solidarity Fund (FSP) for the implementation of this strategic plan. Continue advocacy in West African countries so that this regional strategic plan be put on the agenda, then validated by regional institutions. Encourage countries to accede to the Council of Europe s MEDIC- RIME Convention. The Fondation Chirac and its scientific committee will be asked to support these actions. Political mobilization has been declared and launched Political mobilization has been launched, and I also understand that the issue of falsified medicines drugs was also discussed at the Committee of Commonwealth Ministers recently. Political will has thus been declared and constitutes, I believe, the opportunity for all technical partners gathered here to demonstrate the legitimacy of their efforts and advice. The very creation of this Roundtable is proof: we are contributing to translating the Cotonou Declaration commitments into highly practical field efforts. Speech by Professor Marc Gentilini, Delegate General of the Fondation Chirac - Ouagadougou, September 27, 2011 Partners The French Ministry of Foreign Affairs and the Embassy of France in Burkina Faso, the Economic Community of African States (ECO- WAS), the West African Health Organization (WAHO), the European Economic and Monetary Union (WAEMU), the World Health Organization (WHO), the International Organization of la Francophonie, the GlaxoSmithKline Foundation, the French Development Agency (AFD), the Fondation Pierre Fabre, Sanofi, LEEM, the Centrale humanitaire médico-pharmaceutique, the Gates Foundation. The MEDICRIME CONVENTION for international legislation On December 8, 2010, the Council of Europe adopted the MEDICRIME Convention: the first international legal instrument that criminalizes counterfeiting, as well as the manufacture and distribution of medical products on the market without authorization or in violation of safety standards. Since October 2009, the Fondation Chirac has been involved in elaborating a punitive instrument. The MEDICRIME Convention is a key step since it obliges its Member States to introduce criminal penalties for: the intentional production of counterfeit medical products, the supply, offer to supply or trafficking of counterfeit medical products, the production and intentional falsification of documents, the unauthorized production or the supply of medical products and medical devices which do not conform to applicable standards. attempted or assisted counterfeiting. the marketing of medical devices that do not conform to applicable standards. Since October 26, 2011, the MEDICRIME Convention is open for signature by Member States but also non-members of the Council of Europe. As of February 2012, only fifteen countries have signed it: nine members of the European Union and one observer country (Austria, Cyprus, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Iceland, Israel, Italy, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, Portugal, Russia, Switzerland, Ukraine). To support and publicize MEDICRIME, the Fondation Chirac and its partners are organizing: A conference for students as well as the general public, with the University Paris Dauphine, Paris - June 21, 2012. A conference for representatives of the European Union with the Council of Europe, Paris - Fall 2012. 42

The Proud to be campaign AND InterpoL Two African singers, Yvonne Chaka Chaka and Youssou N Dour, have joined voices against falsified medicines. Interpol, a partner of the Fondation Chirac, initiated this collaboration which resulted in the song Proud to Be. It was officially launched and performed for the first time in Nairobi on October 27, 2011. The song is destined to raise awareness globally and, more specifically, in Africa, to the dangers of falsified medicines. Chimene Badi, the singer of Algerian descent has agreed to become the official ambassador of the campaign Proud to be. She has teamed up with a group of international artists to produce an album and a live concert in 2012. GAVI, fights for immunization in developing countries The Geneva based Global Alliance for Vaccines and Immunization (GAVI) focuses on increasing access to vaccinations in developing countries and care for children under five years old. Since its inception in 2000, the Alliance has prevented the premature death of five million children. The Alliance brings together key actors such as donor governments, UNICEF, the World Health Organization, the World Bank, the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, the pharmaceutical industry, public health institutions, and civil society. In January 2012, the Fondation Chirac began collaborating with the GAVI Alliance, through the interest group of the Alliance s Civil Society, which brings together organizations interested in helping develop access to vaccination. The Fondation Chirac s role is to strengthen the involvement of francophone civil society organizations in Africa, but also to act in an intermediary capacity between GAVI and the different communities. It hopes to establish itself as an observer of good governance of national health systems. This program is run in partnership with with support from Access to quality healthcare and medicines 43

ACCESS TO LAND RESOURCES The 2012 McKinsey report, The Resource Revolution, highlights the unbridled race companies have been engaged in for the past ten years to get their hands on the necessary natural resources to produce the consumer goods that will be bought by the three billion people who will achieve middle class by 2030. It is a very real competition waged between states, between companies, and between investors to access resources. This competition leads to interstate conflicts, such as the war for water ; but increasingly, it also results in intra-state conflict, pitting companies that exploit natural resources and local populations Encouraging innovative solutions The Fondation s program, Access to land resources, addresses the latter type of conflict and seeks to highlight preventive solutions and models. For the past three years, the Fondation has encouraged innovative solutions developed by loggers in the Congo Basin forest practicing responsible stewardship. This has allowed the Foundation to show the general public that their conflicts can be prevented with existing technical means such as participatory mapping or community radio stations. By improving the dialogue between peoples of different cultures (e.g. European foresters and indigenous pygmies), we have witnessed the disappearance of conflicts as well as the development of dialogue as the strongest foundation for local development to radiate throughout the community that interacts at the local level with the company. Mobilizing economic leverages The Fondation Chirac, in partnership with the Ministry of Culture and Communication, has mobilized economic incentives, such as the demand for responsible lumber, in France by raising awareness in twenty French architecture schools of the importance of choosing responsible lumber in civil construction. It has demonstrated that conflict prevention is not a local matter; it is indeed a global one. Our consumption patterns dictate how resources are exploited. In 2012, we will be able to draw valuable lessons from this successful forestry experience and relay them to the highest levels and on a larger scale. The Access to land resources program aims, in the next three years, to mobilize investors and States and raise their awareness of the important role they play in preventing the intra-state conflicts that will inevitably arise as the exploitation of natural resources intensifies. As for the forest, solutions do exist, but they have not been highlighted. The Fondation s role will be to uncover these solutions in order to further political discussion and provide tools to decision makers of countries facing the challenge of offering to the largest number of people access to land resources. Such access is a factor of harmony and development rather than conflict. This program encompasses values dear to Jacques Chirac: Cultural Dialogue and Peace, each at the service of the other. Bastien Sachet 44

The Scientific Committee, directed by Bastien Sachet, Director of Development with the TFT (The Forest Trust) Emmanuelle Grundmann Primatologist, author, and journalist Alain Karsenty Economist at the Centre for International Agricultural Research for Development (CIRAD) Jérôme Lewis Professor at the University College of London, Department of Anthropology Olivier Lafourcade Director of the World Bank program in Mexico from 1996 to 2002, specialist of Latin America Stakes Deforestation and desertification a definition by Luc Guyau, Chairman of the FAO Council (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations) By deforestation, we mean either the conversion of forest to another land use - generally agricultural and pastoral, and to a lesser extent for the construction of infrastructures, urban and mining facilities, or the deterioration of the tree canopy due to harmful practices, such as excessive logging, fire, or overgrazing. The fight against hunger and its corollary, the doubling of agricultural production by 2050, increase pressure on deforestation through the search for more farmlands. The decline in deforestation is very relative Deforestation has slowed, but remains important in those regions of the world with the largest biodiversity. Reforestation programs, combined with the natural expansion of forests have allowed 7 million hectares of forests to be added annually. With this, the net loss of forest areas between 2000 and 2010 was reduced to 5.2 million hectares per year, instead of the annual 8.3 million hectares recorded in 1990-2000. South America and Africa still show the largest net loss of forests. (Source : Department of Public Information of the UN - DPI/2517 G - September 2010) Landmarks September 28, 2010: : Launch of awareness program for student architects on the use of legal and certified wood. December 14, 2010: Partnership signed with the Directorate of globalization, Development, and Partnerships of the French Ministry of Foreign Affairs. One of the partnership components is the continuation of the training program to create local experts in the region of the Congo Basin: the Centre of Social Excellence (CSE). March 10, 2011: The Forest Trust (TFT), partner of the Fondation Chirac for Access to land resources, announced that all 1.3 million hectares operated by the Congolese Industrielle du Bois (CIB), in the Republic of Congo, have been certified. The surface of certified tropical forest in the region exceeds five million hectares. ACCESS TO LAND RESOURCES 45

THREATS to nature and man the three major tropical basins The three tropical basins - the Amazon Basin, the Congo Basin, and the Southeast Asian Basin, also known as the Borneo-Mekong basin - are home to two thirds of our planet s biodiversity. They represent 80% of the world s rain forests and provide the livelihood of over one billion people. Their role in climate regulation is recognized even if it is poorly understood. According to the IPCC, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, tropical deforestation accounts for roughly 20% of global greenhouse gas emissions. Slowing deforestation has been recognized as the most effective and most economical way to effectively counter global warming. However, these forest basins, the planet s lungs face multiple threats. Under the weight of population growth - the world s population is estimated to reach 9 billion people by 2050, who will need to be fed - and under pressure from increasing urbanization that necessarily gnaws away at arable land, forest areas are more likely than ever to be decimated. And with them, the communities living within them or who derive their main resources from them. In many developing countries, the norm is slash and burn agriculture, a major cause of excessive CO2 being released into the atmosphere and of soil degradation. Local populations, lacking energy resources, use firewood for cooking and other activities. These practices, coupled with the illegal logging, are destroying an already fragile environment. Finally, the phenomenon of large-scale acquisition of land, which is facilitated by weak land tenure systems, lead us to fear the unreasonable use of these lands, at the expense of the poorest inhabitants. THE CONGO BASIN It is second largest tropical forest on the planet, right after the Amazon forest. One of the planet s lungs, it covers over 1.8 million square kilometers and cuts through six countries: Cameroon, Congo, Central African Republic, the Republic of Congo, Gabon, and Equatorial Guinea. This is an extremely rich reserve of biodiversity: 400 species of mammals live in this forest, including gorillas, chimpanzees, and bonobos. 1300 species of birds, 400 reptile species, and over 20 000 plant species have also been found. This region, according to the TFT, loses roughly four million hectares of rainforest each year due to illegal logging, mining, conversion to farmland, and mismanagement. The poorest populations, the first victims of climate change by R.K.Pachauri, Nobel Peace Prize in 2007, Chairperson of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) and Director General of the TERI Institute The Fondation Chirac contributes decisively to the fight against deforestation and desertification by helping to strengthen land rights, to improve sustainable forest management, and to promote certified wood. [...] Poor and marginalized populations are most vulnerable to the impacts of climate change. The number of people exposed to increased water stress will certainly reach between 120 and 1 200 million in Asia and between 75 and 250 million in Africa by 2020. The increased frequency of droughts and floods will negatively affect local crop production, especially in subsistence sectors in low latitudes regions. A 50% decline in agricultural yields is predicted by 2020 in some African countries. In Africa, the net crop profits could shrink 90% by 2100; small farmers will be the hardest hit. These consequences, correlated with an increased number of disasters (floods, droughts, storms, etc..) and rising sea levels, could lead to a sharp increase in the number of refugees and displaced persons. [...] Environmental imbalances caused by climate change will require innovative solutions from experts and researchers, such as those established by the Fondation Chirac. The Fondation s many initiatives to support and shape programs for sustainable forest management, while assessing the risks of the land use market, address the major issues of environmental degradation from both a political and an economic perspective. Such visionary action provides an effective tool for increased awareness, which is needed to trigger change. Such change is needed by scientists, researchers, and policy makers at the local and global level, and, of course for all of mankind - for our generation and for those to come. 46

ANSWERS Establishing dialogue between actors and training local experts The idea of creating a Centre of Social Excellence (CSE) for sustainable forest management is the result of a successful experience in the Republic of Congo where a timber concession of 365 000 hectares was awarded in 2006, for the first time in Africa, an FSC certification (Forest Stewardship Council). This certification ensures sustainable management, using advanced technologies to map the forest while taking into account human, social, and cultural rights as well as the communities lifestyles. Since 2008, the CSE has offered field training to students and established a dialogue between timber companies, indigenous peoples, and other local stakeholders. Its goal is to create African skills and knowledge concerning the sustainable management of forests. Its scope is regional (Congo Brazzaville, Cameroon, Gabon, Democratic Republic of Congo, Central Africa); it works closely with universities and institutes in these countries. The right tool for the situation: the Biso na Biso ( Between Us ) Radio to facilitate exchanges between the various actors involved in the management of the forest, the Forest Trust (TFT) and the most important Congolese lumber company, Congolese Industrielle du Bois (CIB), started developing projects in 2008 to preserve the living conditions of the indigenous people in accordance with the requirements of FSC certification, awarded to the CIB. The creation of the Centre of Social Excellence was accompanied by the creation of a community radio station, managed and run by the semi-nomadic and illiterate Pygmies of the region. The Biso na Biso radio, funded by the Fondation Chirac, allows these people from oral cultures to pass on their traditions and communicate in their own languages. This radio, which can be replicated on a large scale throughout the Congo Basin and on other continents, allows indigenous people to play a role in protecting their forest. The TFT and the CIB have given GPS devices to indigenous villages, thus enabling residents to notify the timber company of illegal logging or of places where logging is not welcome such as sacred places or places used for daily life, for migration, for hunting. The FSC certificate (Forest Stewardship Council) defines sustainable management of forests through ten principles that encompass economic, environmental, but also social and cultural aspects. To obtain certification, the logging company must take into consideration these ten principles. Project partners World Bank The Albert II of Monaco Foundation ACCESS TO LAND RESOURCES 47

ANSWERS INFLUENCING ECONOMY RAISING AWARENESS AMONGST ARCHITECTS Architects are the primary purchasing advisors for wood in construction and public works. They play a critical role in informing consumers and in the use of legal and certified wood. This is why the Fondation Chirac decided to raise awareness on the subject. The supply of FSC certified tropical timber has increased tenfold in fifteen years. There are currently over 100 million hectares of sustainably managed forests. The PEFC (Programme for the Endorsement of Forest Certification) has certified nearly 230 million hectares of temperate forests. However, construction projects, particularly in the private sector, continue to favor non-certified, often illegally sourced wood. This non-certified wood makes up 40% of imports according to the WWF (World Wildlife Fund / Worldwide Fund for Nature). Such behavior can be explained by a lack of information about eco-certification. This could be the needed leverage to effectively fight against deforestation. École supérieure nationale de Paris (ESNP). Protection of natural forests, a global priority issue by Emmanuelle Grundmann, primatologist, author, and journalist Each year, thirteen million hectares of forest are razed, burned, and converted to other uses. This deforestation is responsible for nearly 20% of greenhouse gases. [...] In this context, protecting natural (or primary) forests remains a worldwide priority. Forests are essential: they still shelter 350 million people and nearly two billion people depend directly on forest resources (edible plants, proteins, medicinal plants, firewood, building materials, etc..). Moreover, forests are simultaneously a global air conditioner, a sponge that regulates the water cycle, a refuge for biodiversity, and carbon sinks. [...] It is within this context that in September 2010 an extensive outreach program for student architects was launched, with support from the French Ministry of Culture and Communication, the Caisse des Dépôts et Consignations, the French Fund for Global Environment Facility (GEF), and ATIBT (the International Technical Association for Tropical Timber). The main purchasing advisors of wood, alongside construction companies, architects can play a vital role in the use of legal and certified wood. Unfortunately, there still remains far too many construction projects that use non-certified wood from illegal sources. As future purchasing advisors, it is essential to educate the twenty thousand students from France s top twenty architecture schools on the roles played by forests and the available solutions implemented in terms of sustainable forestry. Crowned with resounding success, we hope to extend such awareness training across the European Union. 48

LAND RIGHTS In 2008, during the hunger riots, Jacques Chirac called for strong action in support of food security. Today, the Fondation Chirac addresses the management of soil resources and climate change in terms of their consequences on this major development challenge. The economic and political stability of States depends on it. In a global context wherein over one billion people suffer from hunger; wherein famine regularly affects the African continent, despite the region being known as a reservoir of arable land; and facing increasing commercial pressures on land, it is vital that we maintain: - Our common heritage - the earth s resources - for future generations. - The rights of local populations, so that no one is prejudiced, thus reducing the risk of riots and possible confrontations. The search for solutions by Alain Karsenty, economist at the Center for International Cooperation in Agricultural Research for Development (CIRAD) Large-scale land acquisitions are front page news, especially since the aborted agreement between Daewoo (South Korean industrial group, - editor s note) and the Malagasy government in 2008. Arable land is becoming rarer; it is estimated that about 0.5% is lost each year. Rising global food demand, productivity leveling off in Asia, and the development of meat-eating has led to dedicating more and more land to livestock breeding or growing livestock feed. Arable land and tropical forests are more prized than ever. [...] If logging is followed by deforestation, it is always to use the land for other purposes than the exploitation of natural forests. This could be to plant fast growing trees such as eucalyptus for manufacturing pulp and paper, rubber trees, or more commonly oil palms. In the Brazilian Amazon, cattle ranching is the leading cause of deforestation. The uncertainty of property rights on forests in this region constitutes a catalyzer for appropriation strategies through the development of large areas. In Southeast Asia, over the past fifteen years, the spread of palm trees has been dramatic and has largely occurred at the expense of forests. [...] It is easy to understand how the local customs of native populations have largely become impracticable after the forest has been converted into a field of palm (or eucalyptus) trees. The potential, global development of oil palms is very important in the tropics, and the growing demand for biofuels will certainly increase the profitability and expansion of this activity. In Africa, Liberia, alongside Angola, is one of the most important host countries for Asian agricultural investments in palm trees. The impressive size of these operations is allowed by the presumption of State ownership of forests, which grants governments the permission to award vast tract of lands from what they consider to be their property, without consulting the people who exercise their customary rights. The risks of forest grabbing in order to convert these lands into industrial agriculture are often related to land rights: confusion over property law willfully maintained by certain entities and the insufficient redistribution of agricultural land under Brazilian land reform, the abusive notion of state property of forest zones in most tropical forest countries. It is probably not with financial incentives that we will find the means to thwart the encroachment of major crops and industrial plantations into forests. It is with land reforms, with law enforcement, and with the social and environmental responsibility (with consumer pressure) that solutions must be found. ACCESS TO LAND RESOURCES 49

ANSWERS LAND, A HUMAN RIGHT by Maître Abdoulaye Harissou Maître Abdoulaye Harissou is a notary public in Cameroon and general counsel of the International Union of Notaries. He wrote the following book, published in 2011, with the Dunod editions, and in coordination with Alain Grumberg and Patrick Busquet of Futuring Press. Le livre La terre : un droit humain Micropropriété, paix sociale et développement was written to sound the warning about the current legal vacuum in terms of land rights in fragile countries. It summarizes the various issues related to the problem and offers a possible solution: simplified, secure land titles. This proposal is being piloted in Madagascar and Vietnam. Titling, or the access to land title, is a challenge for many countries. The proper management of land rights must promote economic and social development, and establish political stability in countries. Based on microcredit, the simplified secure land title would reduce delays in obtaining the title to six months (compared to several years) and a maximum cost of 70 euros (compared to a minimum of 300 euros currently). The author emphasizes the role of notaries: far from being content to record deeds, notaries in fragile states have a crucial social role to fill in order to improve the development of their country. Titling has thus become one of the main concerns of developing countries alongside the fight against extreme poverty, economic development, and food insecurity. It supplements the Fondation Chirac s efforts in promoting the sustainable certification of tropical forest areas and mobilizing diversified agriculture. Excerpt from the foreword by Jacques Chirac and Abdou Diouf Feeding the billions of humans that will inhabit the planet and providing them with drinking water, is a primary necessity. We are currently unable to do so. Today, it has become urgent to prevent hunger and thirst riots. Despite the mobilization of many states, international organizations, NGOs, and private foundations, despite the Millennium Goals that are trying to correct the most glaring injustices, imbalances between rich and poor countries could become more severe. Respecting land rights will become even more essential. We are talking about a human right denied to millions of men and women who lack a land title. Depending on the country, 60 to 80% of African populations have no act justifying the attribution of the land on which they live or which they farm. In Africa, Latin America, Asia, and even in parts of Europe, this denial of ownership has disastrous social, economic, and human consequences. Land rights almost never arise anymore in Western countries, and yet it is crucial for the future of less developed countries where these rights are far from recognized and secured. EFFORTS TO SECURE LANDS RIGHTS Awareness : - among political leaders of the importance of land tenure security; - among field actors through the networks of the French Association of Notaries, the African regional Assembly, the Parliamentary Assembly of la Francophonie (APF), and the International Organization of la Francophonie. Establishment of an exemplary field project in the Congo Basin. 50

PARTNERS Caisse des Dépôts The Caisse des Dépôts is a long-term investor, serving public interest and economic development. It has made sustainable development a priority with its Elan 2020 strategic plan. In the spirit of the Grenelle Environment Forum and the European Union s Climate and Energy package, it has set itself a goal: to boost the economy and help French territories adopt a mode of development that respects the environment and fights climate change. Specifically, it aims to offer, in all its business areas, a range of innovative and responsible services and financing and develop new skills to meet new challenges. ATIBT - IFIA Since 1951, the ATIBT (International Technical Tropical Timber Association) has been committed to the responsible management of tropical forests for development. The ATIBT encourages farmers and forestry companies to implement best practices in all sectors of the industry. It promotes certified tropical timber in various markets. Through its members efforts, its goal is to certify 10 million hectares of natural forests by 2015. The ATIBT meets all current, technical issues, it offers training, and provides technical and scientific support to the tropical forest-timber sector. The Council of Notaries Legal questions are at the heart of these issues: the fight against deforestation specifically involves the recognition of the rights of local people on forests in which they live, or which provide them with their basic needs. Benoit Renaud, President of the Council of Notaries The fight against deforestation and desertification is one of the major challenges currently facing our states and societies. Legal questions are at the heart of these issues: the fight against deforestation specifically involves the recognition of the rights of local people on forests in which they live, or which provide them with their basic needs. The Council of Notaries, a recognized partner of international institutions in terms of securing land rights, agrees and supports the Fondation Chirac s approach of putting people and the Earth at the center of its efforts. The partnership that has been established for the issuance of title deeds to (or for the use by) local people, with respect for their cultures, which we call titling, naturally stems from this common approach. Fonds français pour l environnement mondial (FFEM) Marc Antoine MARTIN, Secretary General of the FFEM The increasing impact of humans on the natural environment has caused the mass extinction of living species. The wider consequences are significant for the important natural balances upon which all human societies depend. To halt the loss of biodiversity, the FFEM supports actions which fall within the guidelines of the Convention on Biological Diversity. The eco-certification program for forest concessions in the Congo basin aims to improve logging methods, by promoting experiences and exchanges between public and private operators. The promotion of eco-certified lumber from central Africa and the program to raise awareness amongst European purchasing advisors have brought together the FFEM and the Fondation Chirac, which has played a leading role in educating students architects in the use legal and certified wood. The FFEM is a bilateral fund created in 1994 by the French government following the Rio Summit. Its mission is to help protect the global environment in developing countries. In sustainable development projects, the FFEM funds the preservation of the planet s major balances linked to biodiversity, climate change, international waters, land deterioration, persistent organic pollutants, and the stratospheric ozone layer. The Fondation Chirac would like to give special thanks to ACCESS TO LAND RESOURCES 51

Defending cultural diversity Paradoxically, the unbridled development of globalization has more than ever revived sensitive identity issues in both economically fragile and developed countries. Culture is a founding and highly visible component of any identity. It is therefore necessary to rethink the importance of cultural diversity, which should not be identified with anti-globalization movements. We must not allow these latter movements to claim issues of cultural diversity as their own. In such a context, it would be wrong to consider cultural diversity as an alternative to globalization. By the nature and volume of trade at the global level, thanks to globalization, this diversity can not be a phenomenon belonging to a handful of closed, supranational structures. Today, whether we like it or not, globalization is an irreversible developmental process that includes, directly or indirectly, all the world s citizens. Cultural diversity and social cohesion The last century transformed the reality of the dialogue between cultures. They no longer coexist separately as in the past. Today s Europe is the most striking example. The reasons for the advent of this reality are known. The question is how should we act on this reality, which, of course, cannot be ignored, especially by politics. A simple fact: in the European Union member countries, there live, as full citizens, more Muslims than in Saudi Arabia, Jordan, and Tunisia. Chancellor Angela Merkel s declaration last year that multiculturalism has failed in Germany, should not be interpreted as a capitulation paving the way for the return to old political approaches to cultural diversity. Even less should it be considered as a political renunciation that forces civil society to assume the responsibility for a positive evolution of cultural diversity. I see in Chancellor Merkel s honest assessment, a call to radically change the political outlook on Europe s social reality, one in which cultural diversity is a source of vibrant human energy, either useful or harmful to the general interest, but never neutral. The essential transformation of the political approach to cultural diversity in EU countries would contribute to strengthening social cohesion based on an enlightened idea of human equality in which a given culture would maintain no dominating relations with another, regardless of distant or recent origins. A similar equality is the surest way to overcome fears and prejudices about the other with whom, whether we like it or not, we share peace, security, and prosperity. Far from highlighting the inevitability of a reality, the term like it or not, underlines the exciting opportunities offered by cultural diversity in shaping twenty-first century humanism. Albania, a valuable experience Several years ago, when I was involved in politics, at an electoral meeting, I was questioned about the original values we, Albanians, would bring to the EU. Apparently, it was easier for me to explain what the European Union would bring to Albania after its European integration, in terms of economic development, consolidation of its democracy, and the free movement of people and ideas. We, Albanians, have fully benefitted in these domains. However, what would be our contribution? Albania has three religious communities, and over half its population is Muslim. The traditionally harmonious coexistence of these communities is a valuable experience of cultural diversity experienced as a normal part of society. However, the dreamed for opening has made this intercultural harmony a right that is no longer given once and for all. The winds of communication will inevitably bring to us the echo of rivalries between globalization and cultural diversity, as they bring the echo of the frustrations of cultural or religious minorities within Europe. This means that we must work to defend and promote greater awareness of this experience of harmony and tolerance in the name of both the vital interests of our society, but also as our contribution to the construction of Europe. translated from albanian by Edmond Tupja 52

Endangered languages One of the best paths to follow The Fondation Chirac has made cultural diversity a priority, with a clearly defined purpose: it is one of the best paths to follow in order to prevent conflict and consolidate peace. The work of the Sorosoro association on endangered languages draws attention to the need to protect memory and heritage as vital values of a healthy cultural diversity. Besnik Mustafaj Linguistic diversity, state of affairs The UN General Assembly declared 2008 the International Year of Languages. It considers fundamental the preservation of what it describes as an Intangible Heritage of Humanity. The same Assembly emphasized that the protection, promotion and maintenance of cultural diversity are an essential requirement for sustainable development for the benefit of present and future generations. The Fondation Chirac, launched in 2008, through its support of the Sorosoro association, which is dedicated to saving and revitalizing endangered languages, has participated in the preservation of cultural diversity. An estimated 6,000 languages are spoken in the world today, but half will probably disappear this century. With the extinction of these languages, entire sections of humanity s cultures are disappearing. A language is more than a tool of communication, it is also a receptacle of knowledge and know-how, a vector of a worldview, a culture, a mythology. Over the centuries Until the great conquests of the late fifteenth century, the planet boasted a linguistic diversity that waves of colonization and the evils they engendered (massacres, deportations, diseases, etc.) would later deplete. Over the last three centuries, hundreds of languages have disappeared from the globe, with an acceleration during the twentieth century. The twenty-first century is expected to be the stage on which plays out a massacre from which we will never recover. TODAY, IN THE WORLD The Araki language is currently spoken by only eight people in Vanuatu, a small Pacific state with the highest density of the world s languages, a hundred different languages for 200 000 inhabitants. In Araki, Sorosoro means breath, speech, language. This highly symbolic name was chosen to designate the association that preserves endangered languages. For the Araki language as for many others, the process of extinction has accelerated dramatically in recent decades. It is clear that it is not possible to save all 6000 languages spoken on the planet today. Only part of this linguistic heritage can be saved. However, it is necessary to preserve what can be, because failing to do so would mean resigning ourselves to humanity s cultural impoverishment. Defending cultural diversity 53

ANSWERS Heritage Sorosoro s goal is to add to the scientific work of researchers with audiovisual documentation: Scholars study and codify languages, they establish dictionaries, grammar books, etc. The Sorosoro crews accompany them out in the field to film key elements of these endangered languages and cultures according to a joint charter. Digitized, stored, and filed in a permanent database, the collected images and sounds, their transcriptions and translations will be preserved for future generations and serve as a basis for scientific study. The Digital Encyclopedia of Languages The Digital Encyclopedia of languages that Sorosoro is gradually developing is the main component of its activities. Of the 6,000 languages currently spoken on our planet, half risk extinction during this century. And of the 3,000 languages that could potentially be lost, the majority are not described. This means that there are no written documents, dictionaries, grammar books that would allow us to know them and preserve their memory. Therefore, when the last speaker dies, the language and the knowledge it conveyed are lost forever. Researchers, linguists, and anthropologists, are doing an impressive job and have succeeded over the years in rescuing from oblivion many languages that were destined to disappear from human memory if these descriptions and transcriptions had not been accomplished. The aim of the Fondation Chirac is to complete their work with filmed data. Film shoots and collecting images To accomplish this, Sorosoro supports researchers and sends teams on the field to record images and sounds that are the essence of a language and culture, according to specifications pre-established with the researchers. Each team thus brings back from their shoots, a dozen hours of footage of each language studied. Sorosoro also collects all the existing documents that can still be found throughout the world on a particular language, a culture, in archive centers, in private homes. These documents often disappear if nothing is done to preserve them. Preservation In parallel, a plan to preserve all the collected documents has been implemented with the INA (National Audiovisual Institute) to permanently save this data. The plan is divided into several phases: Systematic digitization, Storage in temporary locations, with regular safeguard procedures to recopy the entire database in order to avoid the progressive loss of elements, Classification and indexing of documents for easy access to data. A database of encyclopedic scope The images and sounds collected, combined with written, academic data (transcriptions, translations, metadata, etc.) constitute a database that will grow over the years. Available for scholarly research, this encyclopedia of images, sounds, and texts will also be for the present and future generations a receptacle of knowledge of languages and cultures threatened with extinction. Education To raise awareness throughout the international community on issues of cultural and linguistic diversity, Sorosoro created the following site: www.sorosoro.org. A bridge between scholars and the general public, this participatory site renders current research available, it educates, and highlights the wealth of cultures conveyed by endangered languages. Available in three languages (French, English, and Spanish), it contains hundreds of articles and dozens of videos. It also includes interactive maps which localize 5,500 languages, a primer, a quiz, etc. Support for indigenous peoples Populations who speak these endangered languages are often abandoned by globalization and many studies have proven that their development is impossible without respect for their cultures and their languages. Based on these findings, Sorosoro supports the transmission of their languages, their revitalization, and their use, particularly to develop literacy and, in general, for education. 54

Key dates December 8, 2011 3 rd Sorosoro Meeting at the Maison des Cultures du Monde in Paris Sorosoro celebrated its third birthday on December 8, 2011. The event brought together high level speakers. The novelist Irène Frain introduced the evening by telling the story of the Bishnoi community in India. - Led by Djambo, this community was born in the late fifteenth century in Rajasthan and developed according to twenty-nine life principles in harmony with nature. Long before environmental issues become fashionable, they understood that it was essential to plant and protect trees so that humans might have a chance to survive in these desert regions. And hundreds of them did not hesitate to die as they protected with their arms the trees that Rajahs coveted for their palaces. - Then, still on the theme of India, the great linguist Anvita Abbi provided an overview of the country s linguistic diversity, twenty-two official languages, but also hundreds of native languages, which are not all inventoried. Anvita spoke particularly of the languages of the Andaman Islands off of India s coast, these very specific languages came from Africa thousands of years ago. There are currently only a few hundred speakers and were they to disappear it would be a great loss to all humanity. - Colette Grinevald, member of Sorosoro s scientific council and a pioneer of the documentation of endangered languages, recounted her forty years of fieldwork in Latin America, tracing back her years in Nicaragua, Guatemala, and Bolivia. At the time, native peoples were beginning to assert their rights and asking linguists to come and help codify and write their languages. The second part of the evening was dedicated to the achievements of Sorosoro over the past two years. Films were screened, and in particular a report on the BB-lecture program (an introduction to books for pre-school children, editor s note) conducted by Marie-Adele Jorédié in New Caledonia. Africa was honored with the storyteller Issouf Coly, from the Baynunk community in Casamance (Senegal), who held the audience spellbound with his rendition of How the hare escaped the hyena. This animal tale was reminiscent of certain tales of Jean de la Fontaine... Also on the program was Marcel Camara, a member of the Bedik community, to the east of Senegal, who was responsible for translating all of Sorosoro s footage in his village from Menik into French. Marcel lives in France, where he works as an educator. He came to explain what it means to him to see the traditions and language of his people filmed and preserved for posterity. The evening ended with the Indian film Yarwng (Roots), shot in Kokborok, a tribal language. Based on a true story, the film tells a love story thwarted by the construction of a dam that submerged entire villages in the north-east of India. The Fondation Chirac thanks its partners Defending cultural diversity 55

THE FONDATION CHIRAC Board of directors Cultural diversity Jean-Pierre Lafon Honor committee Access to water Jacques Bertrand Bureau Permanent staff Access to land resources Bastien Sachet Committee of partners Conflict prevention Bernard Vatier Access to quality medicines Professor Marc Gentilini The Bureau It oversees the work of the permanent staff and coordinates with the Board of Directors. Jacques Chirac Founding President Jean-Pierre Lafon Vice President and Founding Member of the Fondation Chirac Bernard Vatier Vice President and Founding Member of the Fondation Chirac Marie-Hélène Bérard Treasurer Valérie Terranova Secretary of the Board of Directors and founding member of the Fondation Chirac 56

how the fondation works The Honor Committee They are all activists for peace, dialogue, development. They have all played a prominent role in their country or at the head of international organizations. Together they represent the diversity of experiences and cultures that brings balance to the world. They offer an unequalled human capital to the Fondation Chirac. Fernando Henrique Cardoso President of the Federative Republic of Brazil from 1995 to 2002. Prior, he was senator of the state of São Paulo, Minister of Foreign Affairs, and Minister of Finance François Cheng Member of the Académie française since 2001 Joaquim Alberto Chissano President of the Republic of Mozambique from 1986 to 2005 Jean Chrétien Prime Minister of Canada from 1993 to 2003 Abdou Diouf Léopold Sédar Senghor s successor as President of the Republic of Senegal, after having been his Prime Minister. He was elected in 1981. Secretary General of the Organization of la Francophonie Vigdís Finnbogadóttir President of the Republic of Iceland from 1980 to 1996 Enrique Iglesias President of the Inter-American Development Bank from 1988 to 2005. Secretary General of the Ibero-American Cooperation Secretariat Lee Kuan Yew Prime Minister of the Republic of Singapore from 1959 to 1990; he is currently its Minister Mentor Federico Mayor At the head of UNESCO from 1987 to 1999, he founded the program Culture of Peace. In 2000, he created the Foundation for a Culture of Peace Rigoberta Menchu Tum In 1992, she received the Nobel Prize for Peace. President of the Rigoberta Menchu Tum Foundation Louis Michel Elected to the Belgian Federal Parliament from 1978 to 2004. He was the Belgian Foreign Minister and Deputy Prime Minister from 1999 to 2004. Beginning in 2004, he became European Commissioner for Development and Humanitarian Aid, and after 2009, MEP Youssou N Dour Artist, Goodwill Ambassador for UNICEF, for the FAO, and for Amnesty International, he is the founder of the Youssou N Dour Foundation Rajendra Kumar Pachauri Economist, he is Chairman of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), initiated by the UN in 1988 Andres Pastrana Arango President of the Republic of Colombia from 1998 to 2002, he was previously mayor of Bogota Andrea Riccardi Professor of contemporary history at the University of Rome III, he founded in Rome in 1968 - in the wake of Vatican II - the Catholic community of Sant Egidio Ismaïl Serageldin Director of the Library of Alexandria Ely Ould Mohamed Vall President of the Islamic Republic of Mauritania from 2005 to 2007 Vaira Vike-Freiberga President of the Republic of Latvia from 1999 to 2007 Muhammad Yunus Founder and director of the Grameen Bank, Nobel Peace Prize in 2006 fondation chirac / 2010-2012 : working for peace 57

how the fondation works The Board of Directors Jacques Chirac, former President of the French Republic, wanted to establish a Board of directors for his Fondation that would provide a capacity for initiatives, efficiency, and rigor in the management of program resources. It is chaired by Jacques Chirac. Yann Arthus-Bertrand Photographer, United Nations Goodwill Ambassador Marie-Hélène Bérard President and CEO of MHB SA Michel Camdessus Managing Director of the International Monetary Fund from 1987 to 2000, founding member of the Fondation Chirac Catherine Colonna Minister Delegate for European Affairs (2005-2007), Managing Partner of the Paris office of Brunswick Geneviève Ferone Director of Sustainable Development at Veolia Environnement Professeur Marc Gentilini Managing director of the Fondation Chirac s program Access to Quality Healthcare and Medicines since 2009, he is also President of the Pan African Organisation for Access to Health (OPALS), as well as Honorary President and member of the National Academy of Medicine Jean-Pierre Lafon Ambassador of France, President of the International Bureau of Exhibitions (BIE), founding member of the Fondation Chirac Tristan Lecomte Founding president of Alter Eco Stéphane Martin President and CEO of the public establishment of the Musée du Quai Branly since December 1998 Fadi Nahas Honorary Consul General of Ecuador and Turkey and Chairman of NA Plus SA René Ricol President of Ricol Lasteyrie, general commissioner for investment, a founding member of the Fondation Chirac Jean-Michel Severino President of Investors and Partners for Development (I & P), he was director of the French Development Agency from 2001 to 2010. Inspector General of Finance Valérie Terranova Strategic consulting, founding member of the Fondation Chirac Bernard Vatier Lawyer, former president of the Paris bar, founding member of the Fondation Chirac On September 20, 2010 in Paris, the Board of Directors of the Fondation Chirac met to renew certain of its members. The board now has three new figures: Professor Marc Gentilini, M. Stéphane Martin, et M. Fadi Nahas. On September 14, 2010 Mohammed Arkoun passed away. He was an active member of the Board and contributed to the creation of the Prize for Conflict Prevention. Excerpt from a speech by Jacques Chirac, November 5, 2010, during the second Prize Ceremony: To my friend Mohammed Arkoun, Professor Emeritus at the Sorbonne, who passed away on September 14. Specialist in the history of Islamic thought, a defender of secularism, he was one of the initiators of inter-religious dialogue. Convinced of the importance of cultural exchanges between the Muslim and the Western world to encourage better understanding, his entire life was spent tirelessly defending this ideal. 58

Permanent Staff Catherine Joubert Managing Director Romain Petit Administration and Finance Patricia Gisclon Executive Assistant 2009-2012 Pierre Catalan Project Manager 2009-2011 Juliette Karpa Project Manager Sarada Li Loock Project Manager Capucine Samuel-Lajeunesse Project Manager Isabelle Vigier Project Manager The Committee of Partners The statutes and bylaws of the Foundation include the establishment of a committee of partners composed of the Fondation s most important donors and contributors to its efforts. The members of this Committee of Partners are the Foundation donors who have contributed significantly (30,000 euros or more)* as provided for by the Board of Directors. The first meeting of the Committee of Partners was held on June 19, 2012. Excerpt from the Rules and Procedures Article 5 The Committee of Partners The Board of Directors shall appoint the members of the Committee of Partners for a term of four years, notably in view of their contribution to achieving the purpose of the Foundation. The decision of this contribution is made by the Board of Directors in a sovereign fashion. Each year the Board of Directors invites members of the Committee of Partners to learn about the achievements of the Fondation s missions. The Fondation Chirac thanks all its partners who belong to the Committee chaired by Jean-François Dehecq and Alain Mérieux : Fondation Pierre Fabre, AMHL Antoine Labbé, Caisse des Dépôts, Sanofi-Aventis, MHB SA Marie-Hélène Bérard, Pierre Fabre, ATIBT, AM Conseil - Alain Minc, Fadi Nahas, AFD - French Development Agency, JC Decaux, Khalil Abdulwahab Al Bunnia, GDF Suez, Institut Mérieux, Orange, Ministery of Foreign Affairs, Lazard Frères, Fimalac, Orascom Telecom Holding S.A.E., Jacques Chirac, Schneider Electric, Veolia Environnement, Financière Pinault, Liliane Bettencourt, Fondation Bettencourt Schueller, the State of Kuwait, CFAO, Servair, Jean Burelle. *Resolution of the Board of Directors of June 28, 2011 fondation chirac / 2010-2012 : working for peace 59

A WORD from the DONORS My support for the Fondation Chirac is due, first and foremost, to my consideration and attachment to the person and the achievements of the President Jacques Chirac, whom I have known for quite some time and with whom I had the honor of maintaining close personal and professional ties. Moreover, the Fondation s work, in my opinion, is the very direct continuation of the efforts led by Jacques Chirac, internationally at the highest level of State responsibilities, for over forty years: conflict prevention, defense of cultural diversity, access for populations, especially African, to water, sanitation and healthcare, the fight against desertification, and promoting food security. Participation in the efforts of Heads of State, the active support of leading personalities, the contribution of large companies, the mobilization of so much good will and talents are particularly noteworthy and encouraging. They show, as if it were needed, that the values of peace, solidarity, and responsibility, if defended vigorously and rigorously implemented, are the very values around which people and politicians naturally gather and on which they act together. Eric Desmarest For twenty years, I was chairman of a group that included among its activity, one that was over a century old: water management in France and around the world. Knowing Jacques Chirac for over fifty years, I was not surprised that among the key themes of his Fondation: conflict prevention, orphan diseases and quality medicines, preservation of disappearing languages... he also chose the right for all to access to water and sanitation. This right was one of the themes of conferences organized by his Fondation in Africa, in Bamako for example. The shortage of water resources in many countries around the world is well documented. It creates problems that can be reduced only with the assistance of international institutions, governments, men and women of good will who live in areas particularly affected, especially in the Sahel and Saharan Africa. Water has long been a gift of God to be shared peacefully. Today it generates conflicts and wars that human selfishness has triggered. A welcome initiative: every year there is the Fondation Prize for conflict prevention. I hope, as does Jacques Chirac, that this event attracts world attention to this problem of our planet. Conflict prevention, access to water, healthcare and quality medicines, to the land resources, and the maintenance of cultural diversity are vital conditions for peacekeeping. Dialogue between peoples, sustainable and harmonious development and access for all to essential resources should be the priorities of the future. Men and women, through their acts, become involved every day. They embody the values of humanism. It is our duty to support them with the Fondation Chirac, and this is why I have become involved, at your side, since 2010. Michel Chazaud Jérôme Monod 60

Artists are witnesses of their era and cannot remain insensitive to the human turmoil we face today. The acceleration of change, both climatic and political, affects all humanity, but we feel that this awareness is slow to transform into acts, and in the words of Jacques Chirac, Our house is burning and we look elsewhere. The sum of knowledge and wisdom gathered in the world should enable us to face the dangers that threaten it. What is still needed though is an active force that brings them together so that these thoughts, these considerations more freely inspire men and women of power. I offer my support and my faith to the Fondation, through which the President prolongs his work as Head of State by his acts of a simple man, who has always been concerned with the origins and with the future of humanity. Conflict prevention, access to water, healthcare, natural resources, and cultural diversity are major issues. Beyond the crisis and the current economic situation, they are the permanent features of our evolution that apply locally as well as in geopolitics. They concentrate all the hopes, dreams and pitfalls of our society. It is this very personal view, Jacques Chirac s Saint Bernard qualities, and his dedication to others that have encouraged Noelle and I to engage in a municipal adventure, which has now lasted for 24 years here in Précy. This bold initiative, committed to developing the best in Man to minimize the impact of the worst, has elicited our admiration and respect. A life of devotion, and then more action, based on the irreplaceable experience of power and on relationships cultivated throughout a lifetime. This is what has led us naturally to support the work of the Fondation, with all the strength of the affection and esteem we feel for Jacques Chirac. Yves Duteil How could we forget the Academician, Claude Lévi-Strauss? In 1990, during my studies, I read Race et Histoire. How could we forget a place? One day in June 2008, I visited the Musée du Quai Branly. No Prize had yet been awarded to Men and Women who preserve peace. Now, each year, the museum is graced with the arrival of those who come to receive their prize. How could we forget to mention the politician, President Chirac? He led France for twelve years and today, through his Fondation, offers us the fruit of his experience in the following ideas: saving the environment, access for all to quality healthcare, access for all to water and sanitation; respect for cultural diversity. These four ideas may seem obvious. However, they need to be examined daily, because they require unrelenting efforts to defend them, for their level of importance in all the countries of the World. My thanks to the Fondation Chirac for its efforts! Fabrice Dubreuil fondation chirac / 2010-2012 : working for peace 61

Donors Individual donors - 2010 to 2012 The Fondation Chirac thanks its donors for their generous contribution. Including: Gaëtan Achenza Rui Alberto Nicole Andrieu (Courcel) Jacqueline Anglard Colombe Anouilh d Harcourt Arnaud Appourchaux Jacques Archambeaud Philippe Auberger Raymond-Max Aubert Christophe Aubertin Martine Aurillac Frédéric Auzet Michèle Bailly Marie-Angélina Banaszynski Guy Baras Alain Bardot Jean-Jacques Barquant Jean-Jacques Bascoul Richard Bauer Jean-Charles Beauchamp Marie-Dominique Becar- Rogée Ivan Becq Adrien Bedossa Frédéric Beignet Rita Bennis Palmieri Marie-Hélène Bérard Alain Bertin Patrice Bérut Jacqueline Bierer Pascal Billat Ingrid Billebaud Sylvie Birambeau Henri Blache Patrice Blandin Michel Blangy Alexis Bordet Didier Bossu Mhamed Ali Bouleymen Pierre Bourbon Marie-Thérèse de Bourbon Parme Michel Boutinard- Rouelle Vincent Brocard Jean-Claude Brun Jean Brunol Caroline Bujard-Ollivier Jean Cadet Julien Caharel Jean-Marie Cambaceres Raphaël de Cangey Anne Cans Eric Champault Moez Charfi Maurice Charloux Jean-Pierre Charly Stéphane Charpentier Jean-François Charrier Michel Chazaud Jacques Chérèque Jean Chevance Marc Chiche Jacques Chirac Pierre de Cocatrix Anne-Marie Cordelle Stéphane Costaglioli Jean-François Couëc Gilles Coulaud Michelle Covin Christiane Dardelle Christophe David Yvette Davignon François Debiesse Alain Decaux Philippe Dechartre Jean-Paul Decorps Jean-Charles Defferrard Pascal Degras Jacques Dehollain Gabriel Delattre Eric Desmarest Michel Destresse Christine Di Ascia Khady Dia Bernard Diguet Renaud Donnedieu de Vabres Caroline Dorival Pascal Drouhaud Michel Drucker Jiddo van Drunen Jean-Pierre Dubois Fabrice Dubreuil Thomas Duchêne Lucia Dumont Laurent Dupouy Loïc Dupuis Yves & Noëlle Duteil Roger Dutoit Nicolas Eduin Mehmet H. Erbak Roger Faugere Evelyne Feau Marie-Hélène Ferrando- Guenot Pascal Fiere Pierre Forgues Christophe Formery Awoung Patrice Fotabong Sophie Fouace Jean-René Fourtou Laurent Francis Marie-Thérèse François- Poncet Marthin Frétigne Andrée Gachet Christophe Gallon Claudine Gally Gérard Garrigues Rose Gaudemer Philippe de Gaulle Solange Gauthier Hervé Gaymard Thérèse Geiller Marc Gentilini Alexandre Geoffroy Jean-François Girault Marie-Alexandrine Girolet Jacques Godfrain Gérard Gomez Caroline Gonot Marc Gregoris Vincent Guilmeau Eddy Gunther Catherine Guth Elisabeth Hardouin Pascale Heymann Denise Houphouët- Boigny Guy Jadot Christian Jeanson Arsène Jehl Olivier Jobit Vincent Jover Jean Claude Judith de Salins Alain Juillerat Patrick Kernen Sylvie Kholi Didier Kling Gérard Labati Claudine Ladouet Michel Laffon Fabien Lamotte Bruno Landragin Didier Launay Philippe Le Cloarec Jacques Le Marec Philippe Le Roux Vincent Le Roux Philippe Lécharny Hélène Lecocq Aymeric Léger Jean-Marc Léger Eric Lemasson Frédéric Lemoine Henri Lentillac Thierry Lesesvre Caroline Lesieur Jean Letournel Cécile Levent Roussel Gérard de Ligny Marie Françoise Limoujoux François Longeaud Desbrosses Henri Lopes Noël Stève Luciano H. André Madré Luc Mantello Josette Marchais Didier Marie Dirk Martin Henriette Martinez José Massol François Maurin Pierre Mazeau Stéphane Meijer Régis Menu Jean Méo Laurent Mérique Sabine Merle Denis Merville Damien Meslot Jean-Pierre Meyers Jean-Marie Mirabel Blaise Mistler Arlette Mitterrand Jérôme Monod Emmanuel de Mortemart Olivier Moulin-Roussel Jean-Jacques Nadal Jean Ndong Meye Kazuya Ogawa Jean-Louis Oliver Antoine Ortoli Dominique Ouattara Jacques Oudin Sébastien Padey Farah Pahlavi Patrick Peignon Claude Peltier Louis Pichon Jacques Pillier Patrick Pincet Etienne Pinte Marie-Pierre Pitou Martine Poujol Thierry Poulain-Rehm Francis Poullain Jean-Marie Pourty Marie Puyssegur Ermira Qerimi Xavier Quérat Hément Georges Ralli Renaud Ramillon Deffarges Jacques Remiller Daniel Revel Georgia Roehrich André Rossi Stéphane Rouaud Richard Rougé-Manaud Morgan Roupret Maud Rullier Karol Sachs Michel Salager Denis Sales François de Salvert Béatrice Samuel- Lajeunesse Sophie Sanchez Denis Sauvage Jean-François Sauvage Lebelle Jürgen Schmidt Louis Schweitzer Jean-Claude Servan- Schreiber Pascal Sochet Michel Sordi Félix Spitz Adolphe Steg Gilles Jocelyn Tallet Gotcha Tchogovadze Pierre-Frédéric Ténière- Buchot Vincent Thibaudeau Geneviève Thibault Sébastien Tocci Frédéric Torrens Tuan Tran-Minh Claude Trannet Pierre Trefouret Denise Trémouilhac Patrick Ulanowska Michel Vallez Pierre de Vallombreuse Bernard Vatier Laurence Vernier Laurent Vigier Claude Villain Viviane Villars Lucien Vochel Jean-Jacques Wittmann Naïma Yacoubi Laurent Zambernardi 62

Donors corporations and foundations between 2010 and 2012 The Fondation Chirac thanks its donors for their generous contribution. Including: Accor AFD - French Development Agency SAS International Alliance Embassy of the State of Kuwait Embassy of the Republic of Singapore Embassy of the Republic of Kazakhstan ATIBT / IFIA Bertin Duplan Lawyers BICI-M - International Bank for Trade and Industry in Mali Bonini Prime Minister s Office - Republic of Côte d Ivoire CDC - Caisse des Dépôts Cercle MBC CFAO International Committee of the World Water Forum State Council of Ambassadors of the Arab League Erbak Uludag Gas Financière de Tournon Fondation Mérieux Fondation Orange Fondation Pierre Fabre Fondation pour la Mémoire de la Shoah GDF Suez Groupe Bruxelles Lambert MHB SA Orascom Telecom Holding SAE Qatar Foundation Sanofi Aventis SCP Dejoie, Faÿ SCP Krief et Regard Servair Soixante circuits Sunrex Valérie Terranova SARL Vatier & Associés Voyageurs du monde support the Fondation Chirac by donating send the attached form with a check made payable to Fondation Chirac at the following address: Fondation Chirac 14, rue d Anjou 75008 Paris or by bank transfer to account: N 40031 00001 0000354921H72 IBAN : FR74 4003 1000 0100 0035 4921 H72 BIC : CDCGFRPP or by credit card on the Fondation Chirac website: www.fondationchirac.eu heading: Partners / Support the Fondation Chirac check BANK TRANSFER credit card A tax receipt will be sent. Tax benefits Under the tax code, your donation qualifies for the following tax exemptions: - Income Tax (IR), 66% tax reduction on your contribution, up to 20% of your taxable income. - Wealth tax (ISF), 75% tax reduction on your contribution, not to exceed 50,000 euros of reduction. Contact The Fondation Chirac 14, rue d Anjou 75008 Paris Tel.: + 33 (0) 1 47 42 87 60 Fax: + 33 (0) 1 47 42 87 78 www.fondationchirac.eu fondation chirac / 2010-2012 : working for peace

The Fondation Chirac extends its thanks to everyone who contributed to the creation of this document Photo credits : Front and back cover / InsideSouthAfrica (Capetown). P.1 / Bahi Abdelmalek. P.4 / Fondation Chirac ; DR. P.5 / Bernard Desjeux ; Medef ; Bahi Abdelmalek. P.6 / DR. P.7 / Présidence de la République, Didier Noizet. P.9 / DR. P.10 / Eric Lefeuvre ; DR ; Gilles Plagnol. P.16 / InsideSouthAfrica. P.17 / Bahi Abdelmalek. P.18 / Eric Lefeuvre. P.19 / Gilles Plagnol. P.20 / Bernard Desjeux. P.21 / Bahi Abdelmalek. P.22, 23, 24, 25 / Patrick Messina. P.26 / Thomas Nguyen Van. P. 27 / Fondation AFP. P.28 / ABN. P.29 / Amman Imman ; Bahi Abdelmalek. P.30 / Amman Imman. P.31 / DR. P.33 / Erwin Bolwidt. P.34 / Fondation Chirac. P.35, 36 / Getty Images. P.38 / ReMed. P.39 / Bahi Abdelmalek ; FNMF - N.Mergui. P.41 / SideLife ; Cyril Bailleul. P.43 / DR ; Hdptcar. P.44 / Getty Images. P.45 / Bahi Abdelmalek ; WWF Netherlands. P.47 / DR. P.48 / DR ; Didier Plowy. P.49 / DR. P. 52, 53 / DR. P.55 / FoonusCredits. P.60 / DR ; Opera123 ; DR ; Eric Vernazobres ; DR. support the Fondation Chirac by donating I would like to donate euros I choose to designate my donation: O to support the Fondation Chirac Prize for Conflict Prevention O to all activities for Access to quality medicines O to all activities for Access to land resources O to all activities for Access to water and sanitation O to all activities for the Defense of cultural diversity O I trust the Fondation to allocate my donation. I authorize the Fondation Chirac to publish my name on its website and on any public document: O yes O no Donation form to be returned by mail with your check payable to Fondation Chirac : Fondation Chirac 14, rue d Anjou 75008 Paris, France Last Name First Name Address ZIP / Postal Code City Country Phone E-mail address Occupation fondation chirac / 2010-2012 : working for peace

Publication Director: Catherine Joubert Editorial coordination: Caroline Bujard-Ollivier Design: Pierre-Henri Wunderlich Contributors: Juliette Karpa, Sarada Li Loock, Romain Petit, Capucine Samuel-Lajeunesse, Isabelle Vigier Translation: Ly Lan Dill ISSN: 2116-3545 Legal deposit: October 2012 Printing: Sign Up, 12 rue de la Chaussée d Antin, 75009 Paris

fondation Chirac 14 rue d Anjou, 75008 Paris Tel. +33 (0)1 47 42 87 60 Fax +33 (0)1 47 42 87 78 E-mail contact@fondationchirac.eu www.fondationchirac.eu