OEEC-308. Greece 03/ /1960

Transcription

1 Organisation for European Economic Cooperation Fonds code OEEC-308 Date 03/ /1960 Title Greece Copyright and ownership The historical archives of the OEEC, including the digitised versions, remain the exclusive property of the OECD and are subject to the statute and protection regime of the goods of the OECD, in particular the immunities specified by article 4 of the Supplementary Protocol No 1 to the Convention for European Economic Co-operation renewed by the Supplementary Protocol No 2 of the Convention on the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development: The Archives of the Organisation, and in general all documents belonging to it or held by it, shall be inviolable wherever located.

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3 DÉLÉGATION DE GRÈCE PARI S. LE J1a.. i AUPRÈS DE L 'ORGANISATION EUROP~ENNE DE COOP~RATION ~CONOMIQUE 3, RU E L ORO BYRO N SAL. 2Z 53 Monsieur le Directeur, En réponse à votre lettre DAG/1578 du 26 mai 1951, nous avons l ' honneur de vous remettre ci-joint une l iste corrigée des membres de notre Délégation auprès de l 'O. E.C. E. M. H. Haymer l e, Directeur des Affa l res Générales de l'organlsation Européenne de Coopérati on Eco~omique, Paris.

4 GRECE Sièg~: 3, Ru~ Lord-Byron, Paris (8e)-BAL , ru~ Lord-Byron, Paris (8e) &.L M. Alexandre VERDELIS, Ministre Plénipotentiaire, Chef d~ la Mission P~rman~nte. M. Léandre NICOtAIDES, Mme Nicolaià~s. 3, rue Lord-Byron, Ministr~ Plénipot~ntiaire, Paris (8~) Prof~ss~ur à l'univ~rsité T~chniqu~ d'athènes, BAL Conseill~r Général Technique. 3, rue Lord-Byron, Paris (8~) BAL M. Achille COMINOS, Ministre Résld~nt, Cons~ill~r Général Economiqu~. Mme Cominos. 44, Av. Kléber, Paris (16e) PAS M. Théodore CHRISTIDIS, Conseiller Général pour les Echanges ~t les Paiements. Mme Christidis. Melle Chrlstidis. 3, rue Lord-Byron, M. Georges ZALOOOSTAS, Mm~ Zàlocostas. Paris (8~) Cons~iller, BAL Dir~ct~ur des S~rvlces Administratifs. 8, rue Vuillermln, St Cloud (S. &.o). 3, rue Lord-Byron, P a r is (8 e) BA.L M. D. KOULOPOULOS, Conseiller. M. G~org~s MILON, Conseill~r Adjoint Général Technique. au Cons~iller 3, rue Lord-Byron, Pari s (8e) Bl\L , ru~ Lord-Byron, Parls (8~) ML Hòt~l Lutétla, Boulevard Raspail, Paris (6e). t-1. C. ATHANATOS, AftachA de Presse. M. B. OONDICC\S, s~créta ir~. M. Dani~l MANOLAKIS, Secrétalre. Mm~ A thana tos. Mm~ Gondi ca s.

5 GR E C E (sulte) 3, rue Lord-Byron, Pari s (Be) BAL M. Georges POTOUS, Secréta i re. 4, rue Octave-Gréard, M. Miche l KINDINIS, Paris (?e). Secrétaire.

6 . '. 14 GR ECE Siège: 3, Rue Lord Byron, Paris (Se) - BAL , Rue Lord Byron, Parts (Se) - r M. Alexandre VERDELIS, Ministre Plénipotentiaire, Chef de la Mission Permanente. 3, Rue Lord Byron, 's (Be) M. Léa.ndre NICOLAIDES, Ministre P l énipotentiaire. Professeur à l'université Technique d' Athènes. Conseiller Général Technique. Mme N1colaides. 3, Rue Lord Byron, Paris (Se) BAL M. Achille COMINOS, Conseiller Général Economique. Mme Cominos. 44, Av. Ktéi.er, Paris (16e) PAS M. Théodore CHRISTIDIS, Conseiller Général pour les Echanges et les Paiements. Mme Christ~d~s. 3, Rue Lord Byron, Paris (Se) Bi\L~ Mme Zalacostas. S, Rue Vuillennin, F r::loud (S. &0.) 3, Rue Lord Byron, Paris (Se) BAL ue Lord Byron, Paris (Se) BAL Mme Athanatos. 3, Rue Lord Byron, Paris (Se) BAL M. B. GONDICAS, Secrétaire. Mme Gondicas. HOtel Lutétia, Boulevard Raspail Paris (6e).

7 13 FRANCE Siège Minis ère des Affaires Etrangères, 37,Quai d'orsay, Paris e)- INV.16-40, 18, Rue S,pontini, Paris ( 16 ) PAS M. Pierre CHARPENTIER, Directeur Général s Affaires Economiques et Fina cières Ministère des Affaires Etr gères (ayant rang d'ambassa ur), f de la Délégation ( ppléant). M me Charpentier. 72, Rue du Cherche Midi, Paris (6e) LIT Mme Wormser. 41, Rue de l'uni versit é,.paris (7e) BAB Mme de Clermont Tonnerre. 40, Avenue Duquesne, Paris (7 e) SUF Administrateur au Ministère des Affaires Etrangèr Secrétaire Permanent de la Délégatio Mme Soutou. M. Roger VAURS, Administrateur au Ministère des Affaires Etrangères.

8 .~. 15 GR E C E (suite) 3, Rue Lord Byron, Paris (Se) BAL 'l, Rue Octave Gréard, 1ris (7e).

9 16 IRLANDE Siège: Ambassade d'irlande, 37bis, Rue Paul Valéry, Paris (16e) Délégation O.E.C.E.- COP Ambassade - PAS bis, Rue Paul Valéry, Paria {16 8 ) CO P PAS Mr. C.C. CREMIN, Ambassadeur d'irlande à Paris, Chef de la Mission Permanente. Mrs. Cremin. 37bis, Rue Paul Valeyy, Paris (16 8 ) COP Mr. E.L. KENNEDY, Premier Secrétaire.

10 - GRECE Siège : 3, Rue Lord Byron, Paris (8 "') - BAL , rue Lord Byron, Parls (8") BAL M. Léandre NICOLAIDES Ministri" Pll'nipotentiaire, Chef de la Mission Permanente. Mme Nicolafdes. 44, av. K~éber, Paris ( 16 ) PAS M. Théodore CHRISI'IDIS, Conseiller Général pour les Echanges et les Palements. Mme Christidis. 3, rue Lord Byron, Parls (8") BAL M. Georges MILO N, Conseiller TechniQUe. 3, rue Lord Byron, Parls (8") BAL M. B. GONDICAS, Secrétaire. Mme Gondicas. HOtel Lutétla, Boulevard Raspall, Parls (6"). M. Daniel MANOLAKIS, Secrétalre.

11 G R E C E Siège: 3, rue Lord-Byronp Paris (8e) - BAL , rue Lord-Byron, Paris ( 8e) Bal , Av, Kléber, Paris \l6e) Pas M. Léandre NICOLAIDES hinistre Plénipotentiaire Chef de la 1Ci$sion Permanente \ \! \ ' j_ M. Théodore CHRISTIDIS Conseiller Général Mme NICOLAIDES Nme CHRISTIDIS Hotel Lutétia, Boulevard Raspail, Paris (6e) M. Démètre KOULOPOULOS Conseiller Agricole 3, rue Lord-Byron, Paris (8e) Bal M. Georges MILON Conseiller Technique Hotel Lutétia, Boulevard Raspail, Paris (6e) ~. Daniel MANOLAKIS Secrétaire 3, rue Lord-Byron, Paris (8e) Bal M. Georges POTOUS Secrétaire

12 30 Déoembre - Messieurs, Faisant suite à notre entretien télé honique de ce Jour, veuillez trouver ci-dessous, l a liste des embres aotuels de notre Délégation, pour l'établissement des nouvelles cartes d' identi té et pour la publioa.tion future de la liste des embres dea Délégations Nat1onales uprès de votre Or nisation. 3, rue Lord- Byron Paria Se :BAL: , Av. Klébar Paris l6e PAS: , rue Lord-Byron Paria Be BAL: , rue Lord-Byron P ris 8e BAL: , rue Lord-Eyron Paria Be. BAL: HGtel LUTETIA Bd Rasp il Pari e 3, rue Lord-Byron aris 8e BAL:22-53 M. Léandre NICO D S Mme. COLJUDES nistre Plénipotentiaire Chef de la i ssion Permanente M. Théodore CHRISTIDIS Conseiller Général a~o r ges LO Conseiller Technique D m tre COULOPOULOS Conseiller gricole Basile GONDICAS Seoréta ire M. Daniel OIJ S Secrétaire Georges POTOUS Secrétaire e CERISTIDIS le COULOPOULOS e GONDICAS Veuillez a r6er, r essieurs, l' ssurance de notre considération distin uée. Servio des Immunités et Privilèges Diplomatiques de l'o. E. C. E. Paria.

13 ,... DÉLÉGATION DE GRÈCE AUPRÈS D E L ' ORGANISATION EUROPÉE N NE DE COOPÉRATION É CONOMIQUE PARIS. 5 Mai 56 L E , V i l l a S a i d K LE G R E C E Siège : 15, Villa Sa!d, Paris (16e) - KLE. 68-2? 43, Av. Foch, Paris (16e) KLE. 06-?9 M. Théodore CHRISTIDIS, Mme Christidis Ministre Pléni pot entiaire Chef de la Mission Pèrmanente. 30, Av. Carnot, Paris (l?e) GAL , Villa Sa1d, Paris6 (16~ KLE. 8-~"' 42, Bld Garibaldi, Paris (15e) SUF HOtel Lutétia, Boulevard Raspail, Paris (6e) M. Dimitri KOULOPOULOS, Conseiller agricole. M. Georges MILON, Conseiller Technique. Dr. s.e. POULOPOULOS, Expert Economique M. Daniel MANOLAKIS, Expert Economique 12, rue de Clichy, Paris (9e) TRI Melle Marie C~~ELLA, Secrétaire-archiviste

14 GRECE Siège:., RbC bo: d~}tbfi, P e:. ('~") 22 sa..-fs- '\lieb,. Sa_i 'd f~ h; c K L t! osso M. L.éGRGFII ~IICQbAIQI!S, MiRiEtre RléR ipetertiaile, CR f de la Ui s sion Permanente Mme ~li eal ai Ile s. (GbEIIRtll) i.p.~~mti'ier, 4) fl-v ''F~ ~M. Théodore CHRISTIDIS,!(~E b '-:rct~f Adjoint de la Mi ssion Permanente, kf,e $i-" fo 30, Av. Carnot, Pari s (17 11 ) GAL r..:::l/: "" - av R uurl;tml "'i Gli 1 S" vi ila S~4. P aris ~f-i'j M. Dimitri KOULOPOULOS, Conseiller agricole. M. Georges MILON, s-.: Ili! sa.~,, k.lé O o 8v.q~ ~ol1~~vmd. ClF.uJ. tc.ètl,' ip- t' a,.,., (-- P a ris (~ -1s-t - ~!111 re.so F' ~., o Expert é conomique. Conseiller technique. Dr. S.C. POULOPOULOS, Mme Christidis, Hotel Lutéti a, Boulevard Raspail, P aris (6 11 ), ~-,i~u~.,g,.,rj " l o d ~ Ì P aris~ l. ~. l M. Daniel MANOLAKIS, M. Georges POTOUS, Secrétaire, 12, Rue de Clichy, Pari s (911) TRI Melle Marie CARAMBELLA, Secrétaire Interprete. fl lo

15 GRECE Siège 15, villa Said, Paris (l6e)- KLE , avenue Kléber, P ari 1 16e) KLE M. Théodore CHRISTIDIS, Ministre Plénipotentiaire, Chef de la Mission Permanente Mme Chri sti di s 30, av. Camot, Paris (17e) GAL M. Dimitri KOUL0fl8,UL~~. Conseiller Agricole 15, vill a Said, Paris (16e) KLE M. Georges MILGN, Conseiller Technique :- 15, vi lla Said, Paris (16e) KLE Dr. S.C POULOPOUL OS Expert Economique Mme Poulopoulos, 7, rue Léon-Delhomme Paris (15e) M. Daniel MANOLAKIS Expert Econamique 12, ru e de Clichy Pari s (9e) TRI Mlle Marie CARAMBELLA Secrétaire-Archivi ste 10

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26 ORGANISATION EUROPEENNE DE COOPERATION ECONOr:IIQUE Sccrétariat RESTRICTED Paris, le 11 déccmbre 1952 SGD(52)127 Barèmc 2 Or, fr, NOTE DE SERVICE Le Secrétaire e;énérnl vient d tetre :i.nfori:té pnr une lettre cn da te du 8 déccmbre 195'2, don t le tc~~te figure cj- clessous quc TI, VERDELIS, Chef dc la Mlssion Per:,mncnte de la G:c8cc auprès dc 1 1 Organisa tioì.1 a pr8scnté sa d t~rnission : tt I"lonsicur le Secréta:Lre gc nc ral, D 1 ordrc de mon Gouvernemcnt, j 1ai l 1 honncur do portcr à votre connaissance, que Monsicur f.., VERDELIS, Cì1ef' cì.c la D6lé::;a tion h l l '. ' t ' d '... 't, J._, e onlque, a presen <3 sa cmls SJ.o n qul a c G acce p ucc. Jusqu 1 à la publication du décret nommant son succesneur l 1 intérim sera assuré, comme par l o passé, par moi - mcme, Veuillez agrc er, Monsicur l e Sec~étaire l 1 expression de ma tròs haute considération,n général, P. L. NICOLAIDI3 Chef Adjoint de la Délégation 42426,....

27 ()TIGJ.NISLT I\1 N EURC PEEN:NE DE COOPERJ:.T I G,N ECO NOMIQTE RESTRICTED Pari~, le 23 mnrs 1953 SGD (53 )21 1 ~a rè lne i.~ Or o f r. NUl'F: DE SEFì.VI CE ~ Le Secr6to.ire Gén6r~ l vient dl~tr e i nfermo par un e l ottre e n d~ t e du 1 9 mnrs l \.:'53, qua M'"lns i o ur Lòo.n ùr e N I CO.L,. ~ID2:.S, par clécre t. r c yitl - du 2') f <Jvr ib r 1 953, J. ubl i o nu Jn ~~lt.nl C'.: ficiel N 4C/? o. ét;:j n o:mm6 r.:~of de: l o. ~- ~ 10 t_:f.lt i on Porr.1.'ì ncnt8 ~{e ].' L0nique a upr ès c:e 1 1 Or é::nni r-;c.t.i on Europ,~e n.."le de Cc, rpt:,rnti on Ecnll!Jmìq,.le à Pa :.."'is, ov e c le grade de tlinistr8 Pléniprtel1 tìail'e de p i'0tnière c l as se.

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29 K l N G D O M O F G ~ R E E C E MINISTRY OF COORDINATION GREEK RECOVERY PROGRAM COORDI NATING OFFICE OFFICES : 3 AMERIKIS STR. TEL ATHENS l T o... Q.~g _g_g _~-~?.-.~.:1:_1?.~---~J..:_g_ p~-~!.!-.:t?:.~ -.. ~ - ~... g_g _~_ }?. _~:r.?.:~ ~-~-~.. -~ono~~~ u ~-----S-~--~-~ )_~ _s -~-=--~-~-~--~~~ - --~-=-<:.r... ~.. t. -~-~ i a~----- ch'àteau de la Muette 2 Rue imdre Pascal ,..... ~ Date Athen ~,Decembu 31, 1953 Reg. No Reference : Jnuiries to Tel. 3093l poste 56 Room 307 Mr. Papaioannou J?.gJ'_;\, _~ J 9.~m-~ ~ U b j ( C( _ '!essieurs, l Le Gouvernement Hellenique desire exprimer ses remercièments chaleureux au Personnel d e 1 1 OECE pour leurs efforts d e venir eri a id e aux populat ions sinistréesd es Il es Ioniennes détrui t es ree emént.. par l es tr ernbleme.1t s d e t erre. l Le Service du Secretari at est prie de bien vouloir transmettre ces remerciement s au Personnel de CE, a c ette occasion, et de lui faire connaitre que le chèque de Fr. Fr , au nom du Chef de la Delegation Hellènique reçu par l ~IT NISTHE ADJOINT DE LA C001DI "' ' "' o ' "' ' :::! ' Copi es l o lvlinist ère d es Affair es Etrangèr es (Bureau du 1~ inistre ) A 2. Archev eche d 1 thènes, ColiD.ité Central des Collectes pour les sinistres des Iles Ioniennes l. 3. Delégation Hellenique auprès de 1 1 Ob.CE, 3 Rue Lord Byron, Paris 8-àme / /..-...:* o~c l f2 2.UN!_ 1H54 c~~~ ~...:.. t... _ ; ~

30 ORGAYISATION ETJROPZ:SlJ1'1T~ DE C OOPERf, TI OlT EC O EOM IC'~UE Secréto.riat TI~STHICTED Pr'.l ìs, l o 30 jnìllet SGD (55 ),.'.:7 Barème 2 lt O T E Le Socr6to.ire G6:1éro.l a r e çu de Mons i our ricol aidis, Chof do lo. Dé16;_ ~o. ti on dc l o. Gl Òco, l a l c ttre sui ;antc qui est 1 diffusa.:; pour D!l<~Onk..'.TIOl:. P~ris, l o 1 3 juillc t Monsicur l e Sccrétairo G é~éra l, J l ai ll honnotit ~o por t ar ~ votre conno.issanc c, que mon Gouvorne~on t a a ccopté l a démiss i on quo jo l ui avais reniso le 11 juin. Jo c esser ai n'es fonctio!ls cn t ant qno Clwf do lo. D616go.tion, l o l cr aout a. c. Jusqv. '~ l o. nor ~ in.ation dc non succc:jsolt, l'in t(rim ooro. assuré par Iilons i our Cl:I'istidès, Cc)~1scillcr Gén.6ro.l dc lo. D6légo.tion. Vcuilloz o. ~ r(or, ~ons i c ur l o Socréto.iro G6n6ro.l, l' assurancc do 1:10. J:1o.uto con3ig.6~o.tion. L ~ 1TICOLLIDIS.

31 OTIGAP IS!1.T ION 2 0R :;:;TJR OPEAìT ECOHOMI C CO- OP:SR:ì.TI OE R:è S T~ I CT::::: D Paris, 3 0 t~ J ul y, SGD ( 5 5 ) '17 SCAL:::: 2,. O T :;:::; Th e f ollovri n.c; l e t ter, no tif ~ri ng of Lir. Nico1o.i clis ' r os i ~;:tl.n tion f r o1,1 t he pos t oi' Eca,1 of t~x Gr e e~r. De l e.c;o. t ion t o O. E. ~. C. is circul o. t 8ù f or I!I8 ' (),C J'~Jl O:t"> the Se cr e t o.. r ~r - Gone r a l Paris, 1 9 t h J ul y, l S 55. Sir, I ar.1 iirri tinr; t o l e t you l:no i t h o. t u y Go<Jor:cll~lcn-t hao a c cept ed t he r esiq'lo.ti on I t c:1c1crod on 11t h J uno. I \"iill c eo.sc my function s a s Heo.d of "C ~1c Grcclc Dc l es:1tion on l s t J\.ugv.s t nc:t, Until ny s uccessoi' lu1s bccn nomi nat ed, I.Ir. C}1l'istiù.os, Coun s ollor of t he Do l egation, u i l l a ct as its Hco.d. I o.r:1, Sir, Your OÌ)Odicnt Sor vo.nt, L, H I COL :~. rdis

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34 ORGANISATION EUROPEENNE DE COOPEl~t.TION EC01JOì UQUE RES TRI CTED Paris, l e 24 avril 1956 SGD ( 56)34 Barème 2 Or. f r. ITOTE Le Secr6taire Général vient d t&tre i nformé que I'J. Théodore CHHISTIDIS, ~Iinistre Plér.ipotenti aire, a été nommé Chef de la DcHée;ati on Permanente de la Gr~ce auprès cle llo. E. C. Z ~ -- ORGANISATION FOR EUnOPE AN ECO};OIUC C O -OP I~R ATION RESTR I CTF.D Pari s, 24th April, 1956 SGD(56)34 Scale 2 Or. Fr. l't OTE The Secretary General has just been informed that ~-1r. Théodore CIUUSTI DIS,!Vlin i ster Pl enipotentiary, has bee n nominated Head of the PermaDent Greek DelegatioD to the O. E. E. C

35 l 1U1'1 6 1d t. UVA'IWY'YAl'rl Hell n1 u n ntr vor lo et l bon fonct1onn tlon Euro nn o ér t1on intenir 1tion xpo,.,.,..t:\,... ft 11' 11 y s. c l uelle.tl t tic 1èr c t berne l ct1on. ua o!tona w notr _ o! t into :r eo f 1bl!r l ou n o tout l ' h ur, 1r l ' tion cont1nu tonctionnel" vee tout so r ti ctuel

36 T BE FREE TR ADE ARE A REPORT ON A VI SIT TO ATHE1JS lst and 2nd February, 1957 I - INTRODUCTIQN l. I had long and detailed discussi ons throughout the fir st day wi cb th~ Ninister of Co- or dination and his officials a nd the Gov.e r nnr of the ~ a n k of Gr eece a nd his e conomie adviser. These cul.m~_:ì at ed on t:.e s econd day, in a mee t ~_n; a t which the following were _present : - J.Jr. APOS.TOLI DES, Vice- Pre mier (in the Chair). 111r CHE LMIS, Minister of Co-or dination ~1r -. THIVAlOS, Minister of Finance. T'lr. Z OLOT AS, Governar of t he Banlc of Greece nx LAHBR OUKOS, Secretary-Ge neral of the ~llinis"j:;ry of..~;p=~=--=~ Co- ordi na tion l Ir. PÒ~G;IS)... Secretary of the Ec onomie Council.. ~;bf I-1inisters rv1r. P~ST.JAZ OGLOU, _Economie Adviser t o the Governar or' the Ban o:f Greece 1/lr. LIVIERNros ; lviinistry of Co-ordination 2. :I was unable to ma lce detaile d notes of what was sai,d by each of t he above individuals, whether at the meeting ment:loned, abo.ve or on t h,e. other occasions when I spol{e separ ateiy t o,most of t hem. I g i v:e below,.. t herefore, a summary of my impressions of t heir joint attituges towards the question of the estab l ishment of a free t rade area in Europe. Some stressed one a spect- more than another; they used different words t o explain their ideas;.but tl1ere was c omplete unanimity in t heir collective ot:.tlook... I f. t~1is w ~re t o be summe d up in one sentence, i t would be: The present proposals far a f ree trade area ar e totally una cceptable to Greece.,;). -. I found t ha t all of them, r-1ii1isters and officials alike, were vjell and fully informed of t he nature of the current proposals. They have received and read the various papers issued by Working Party ì.'to. 17 as supplementr::---d b:r reports f rom the Greel{ delegation in Paris, a British note O.e livered after tl1e meeting with 'fi'ir. Spaak in London, anc1 a s econd British note dated 31st January, containing a copy of a memorandum wnich the United Kingdom 'Government propose to put before the O.E.E.C. Council.

37 Their feeling is t hat t.he concept of a free trade area, including the Common T-1arket of tl1e Six, but from which a gricultural products vwul d be excluded,. ignor:-es c ompletely the needs of Greece and t he economie situation in which t hat country now finds itself. Such proposals may, t he y imagine:, have a dvantages for t he industria: ly developed countries of Euxope. For Greece, on t he contrary, t hey would be disastrous. II - THE ECONOriTC BACKGROUND 5. In arder fully to apprecia.te the reasons for the strongly a dver.se reactions of Gree:r I,1inisters and offic i als, it is necessary t :o make a rapid s ketch of the economie situation of Greece at t he present time. (I apologise in a dvance for the incomp.leteness of this picture and for any.::1:naccur.acies _which i t may coritain.)' 6. The populatiòn.of Greece is about 8 niìllion people, of whom some 55 per.cent depençì far their living an ag~icult~ure. It is difficult to j:udge of _the accuracies of published fl:gures of unemployment and under?,mployment. in Gréeée; b\1t i t: 1:s probably an underes timation t o say that at least 2 million ab.le bodìed persons are totally or partially unemployed- that'is to say probab: a third of the "active 11 population of t he.country. 7. Complete unemployment is, in general, c on centrated in t he neigl1bourhood of t he t~rban areas - it is to t hese àreas that large numbers of displaced Greeks carne from Turkey after the conclusi on of the war \'l'i t h t ha t country. (The urban area of Atl1ens, by far t he largest in tlfe country, contains about l 1/2 milli on people. - a sixth of t he total population.) In t he rura)_ areas, on the _other hand, complete unemployment is less, b ut under-employment i's. very widespread.,. 8. Althm1gh most of Greece i s mountainous and not particularly suited to grain cultivation, and despi te t.he very low rainf all, the II!?St important agric u ~t ural crop is wheat, alr of which is consumed internally. Cotton is also produced, and wit h more 1t1idespread irrigation, VJill become increasingly important. The production of citrus and other fruits is also increasing. But the traditional Greek e ~;:port crops of tabacco and currants retain t heir importance and must, for some years ~ o come, continue to b e the principal s o1...1.rces of foreign excha ne;e earnings. 9. Industriai development is, of course, proceedìng; but progr is slow mainly be.cause of la c le of capi tal. Prospects f or the future are, hov.te.v.er.,.go od. 1 l'.~1ere are many mineral resm.irce s t o be exploit e d. There is an ample, i ntelligent labour fc:irce available. E.24571

38 - 3 - The. greatest difficulty is the shortage of capital for investij!ent, both in industry itself, and in the necessary infrastructure of :c ommunications, etc. without which development cannot take pla.ce : But that is not to say that no investment is being undertalcen. On the contrary, large sums are being investeq, particularly in housing; but the government has strongly resisted a ttempts _i; o _:(inance ad di tional investment by methods -vìhi _ch would have an inflationary effect. Foreign capitai; too; is being at.tra:c.ted into a number of ent erprises, though the rate a_t wh:lch_ it is- soming -is regarded as painfu11y slow by the Greek Government. 11. Some of the new investment is being difected into the., to..,_1rist industry for whicll a considerab1e effort has been made in rece~t years. It seems probabl e t ha t this industry will be a,..~_jor foreir;n e::~change earner in the very near futureo 12. After many years of inf1ation, financial stabi1ity was, 1ari [~ e1~r achieved by Greece in 1953, and has, by dint of great èf.fort been maintained since then, The externa1 value of the -currency has remained stab1e, interna1 price rises have not, oonsidering the nature of t l1e Greek Economy, been unduly 1arge. The budget is ba1ancecl, a nè. great care is exercise d t o ensure t hat governmental spenc1i ng does not contribute to inflationary.tenden c i es. Rates of int erest are high; but t here appears to have been a 1arge and genuine increase in private saving s througn t he banl<:ing system in a welcome indicat ion that con fidence in. t he c1.1rrency is returnin:_--: - wb:ì eh gi ves some promise t ha t 1qwer._rates may be possible in f ut ure o 13.- Exchange control is maintained over invisible and capital tr~nsactions; but quantitative restrictions on imports from O~E.E.C. countries ha ve been abo1i s l1e d. The tariff is high, particularly on goods which c ompete ciirectly with the products of Greek inqu~try. (The present tariff, w ~ i c h dates f rom 1926, contains mainly specific duties and has had t o be supplemented by a surtax. A new tariff is.being produced, and i t is hoped t o brine; i t into force this year; duties wj,_ll t hen be 1evied on an ad valorem basis.. ) Import duties previde about 30 per cent of total go';ernment revenues - about nalf of th_is comes from duti es on certain high1y taxed articles sucn as s ugar, petro1, si11<:, cof fee, tea, tobacc o a n d alcoho1ic beverages, and t ì:1e remainder f rom otì1er customs duties. 14. Tò sum up, Greece is a n ov.er-populated country ìrrith large scale unemployment. The land is, over m~ch of the area, of poor qua1ity for agricu1ture. But the main foreign c-urrency earners are sti11 tobacco and currants.. Industria1 deve1opment is in its infancy_and cannot proceed very fast without foreign investment. Loca1 industries are not at al1 protected by import quotas, but on1y by tariffs. E.. 21~571

39 : ' In these circumbtances, the suggestion that Greece should take any part in a free trade area from vvhich agriculttrr-al prod0.èts were excluded, which makes no provision for a development :Lw"'ld t o help underdeveloped countries, and which would involve the removal within a defined period of time of the sole form of protection remaining to Greek industry, appears to the Greeks to be frankly indecent. III - CRITICISMS OF THE FREE TRADE AREA PROPOSALS 1&. The principal points on which the proposals for a Free Trade. Area, as they emerge. especially from the Report of \Jorking Party No. 17 and the British 1-~emoran dum, are criticised by Greek authori ti es may be summarised as follo'vjs. 17. Tariff reduction It is unrealistic to imagine that Greece could undertake to remove, or even substantially to reduce, her protection of _ industrial production by means of tariff (there are no quotas) within any fixed and pre- determined period. Existing industries must be cleveloped and ne w industries introduced and made efficient if Greece is to absorb ber manpower and provide a rising standard of llving for her peo;::>le. Tl1e prospect of recipro?al treatment for Gree1ç industrial exports in other Hember countries cannot be made to seem very attractive, when there are, as yet, practicallj"' no industries exporting such eoods from Greece. 18. f.loreover, this proposal appears t o ignoi'e completely the :i.nevitable dependence of underdeveloped countries on their revenue from import duties. Alternative methods of raising taxes are, ir( general, s imply not open to them. This is a factor which c.annot be overlool{ed in a country which bears a heavy defence burden. '' 19~ Agriculture The proposal that agricultural products should be excluded f~om the free trade area is particul arly repugnant to the Greeks, since over half of the population is engaged in farming. Tl:e principal Greek exports vvould receive no benefit at all from participatiort in a free trade area which was so constituted. 20. Revenue duties One of Greece's most important exports is tobacco. Greek. authoriti es feel that t :1e proposal that revenue duties should be excluce d entirely from the operation of the free trade: area is a particularly unpleasant.example of the extent to which the. f'ramers of thes'e, proposals have ignored the needs of underdeveloped E.24571

40 - 5 - countries in general and of Greece in particularc They note that revenue duties in t he Unitèd Kingdom are so framed as to give a n important a dvantage to Commom.Jealth producers of -v.jine a nd of tabacco, and they consider that it should be possible to envisage similar arrangemants within the O~EoE~Co area for : products which are taxed by revenue duties. 21. Development funds 'l' he Greek authori ties ha ve note d t ha t the Six envisage, in their C om.rnon H2.rket proposals, the establishment of a number of common funds d~::li:;ne d to :1>'"~ lp c o1.1ntries which may ll,ave difficultie s in cmnply:'i c.g wi. tì.l th2 reouirements of the CuP.toms Union, and to prov idc~ 2.r,5:';1.r,:t;~~:.c.n fcr t ~e c1eve lopment of c:c]::c~nd-:::: 11t overseas territoriasb If such funds are admitted to bo necessary to help countries Hhich é-~.c't=-; é3.lready in an advanced stage of 0.evelopment, hov.j much more ìr-jill they be require d to meet the needs of underdeveloped countries s --lch as Greece~ Yet the :i.nstitution of such a fund (or funds ) is not put forward in the present proposals as one of the essentia l conditions of the establishment of a free trade area within the o~e~e.c. 22. Noreover, the Greel-m feel t ha t, in g eneral, the O ee.e.c. has done far too li t t le t o help the development of i ts own f-1embers., C ountries such as Grec::ce have an enormous unfilled neec1 for longterm capit.al investment and for technical help in establishing : n~v T industries and developing their natl-onal resources. Apart from some sll,ort-term help t::.:~ough the E o P" U or i ts successor ~ the Q.E.E $C. holds out no llope of assistance t o sue h countries ~.(q.reece has not so far been able - mainly for reasons which are essential,ly of a political character - to obtain capital from the International Banlc.). 23. The Greek authorities feel this absence of any practical concern fo~ their situation on t he part of the o.e. EaC~ particularl~ l{eenly ~ because they consider that t hey have rnade a real, and ;Largely successful e fi'ort to carry out t he recorcu11endations of the Organisation, prrtict.: larl~r insofar as the a boli tion of quotas and th~ establishm<:.n<. of intei nal f:::. nanc~_al stability are concerned. N or havc: tl:;:;y e ver had recourse to credits in E.P.U. 24. Ilovement of labol-.r The Greek authorities are also critical of the absence of practical help from other O.E.E.Cn countries to s olve their population problem~ and~ in particular~ to the scant mention of this problem which is made in the papers relating to tl1e free trade area proposals. 1\lthough they are striving to find employment Eo24571

41 - 6 - for all their people, they can.barely keep pace as yet with the natul;'al increase in the popt:lation.. In their view, the removal of administrative barriers to the empl"oyment of Greek nationals in other countries is not enough; some more active measures to encourage ernployers and otl:.ers to tal{e steps to attract Greelc worlcers to countries in vvhich there is a shortage of manpm~er are, it seerns to t hem, long overdue. 25. Summary Thus, in t he view of Greek authorities, t hese proposals for an industriai free trade area in Europe are q'...lite unsùitable for adoption by less-developed Hember countries. The needs and legitirnate aspirations of these countries have received no consideration., \vorse, t11e proposals alrnost seern to be designed t o ensure the economie collapse of a:'ly underdeveloped country w~ich was so foolhardy as to allow itself to be induced to sub"scribe to.them. IV - POLITIC AL CONS I DERATIONS 26. These, then, are t l1e princ:i.pal criticisms P '~~ t forvmrd b~( r,1inisters and officials in 1\thens of the free trade area proposals as they see thein. The manifest unsuitability of t his scheme for _the -needs of Greece has aroused ~rave concern ~ègarding the attitude -of the other O.E.E.C. countries towards their less-. developed partners. The Organisation is regarded in Greece as a oody. designed to enable its mernbers, by rnùtual self-help, to. raise thei r standards òf living and to develop t heir economiès. The p~e~ent proposals appear to t he Greeks to be designed excl~sive:. for the benefit of t he more developed Bember countries. They.. corild not possibly benef it the others. Ihdeed, if t hey were put into practice, t hey would certainly have t~e ~ffect of wid~ning tne r.;ap between t he levels of development reached b:r the moreand the less-deyeloped r-1ember coui1tries respectively. 27~ ~he question is t herefore being asked in Athehs whèther the Iv1embers vv-ho support t hese proposals really wish to continùe the association of 17 Eriropean c ountries which has been established in o.e,e.c. \ Ihatever t he economie merits of a f ree trade area.. may be for t he developeèi r.iembel-' countrie s, are they tì.1ought tò be sufficient to outweigh the disaò.vantages for Europe as a whole of a course of action Hhic:1 'f. wuld lead to the brealc up of that economie unity which t he O.E.E. C. had begun to develop over a wider area? 28. I t. is the view of a m.1mber of t he indi viduals v.rhom I sa w t ha t, when the full nature of t l1ese proposals is more widely appreciated in Greece, there rnay be serious questioning of the desirability of attempting to continue any form of economie co-operation with the other r.j:embers of o. E. E.c. It is, in any E.24571

42 - 7 - case, cle., ::- to a ll of them t hat no Greek Government vrhich accepted such proposals c ould have any hope of political survival. 29. It ~ 2 ~ 8i coursej recognised that the failure of Gree ce - or of other tmderd':?veloped countries - to participate in the proposed free trade area Nill not necessaril.y moan tl1at other c ountries \:ould not go ahead and create one, whether inside the O. E o2 cc " or outsiàe i t a I f t ha t were don e, an d Greece tl;ereby put out siè.e tl"1e circle of ~! estern European Nations, it would be necessary for the Greel: Governmcnt and pe8ple to reconsider t heir policies in r egard to the economie and pol.itical orient ation of the i r country~ To consider, in short, whether the economie interest of t he country ''roul d not b e better served by accepting inve stments f r om other dirsctions. No one in Greece has any wish to do this. But t he r.eed t o develop the Greek Economy is overwl-:elr;'ling. Employment nus t be found for tl1e population, Debts must be p aij. I f t hese things cannot be accomplished by co- operation 111it r1in the Oo E. ~. c., other methogs will ~av e to b e explored. V - C mjc LUSIONS 30. I apologise for the length of this note. I t ca n b e justified only o y r.1y belief t hat these views are held v ery str on~ ly, honestly and s i ncer e l~r by those v'l'horn I saw in Athens, and that i t is probable t r..at some of them at least rna.y be s hared in other capitals. I did not, of co1.:trse, fail t o point aut that tl:.e free traje area proposals are n ot yet firm and detailed; t hat t here may b e room f or consiàerable modification of some of them; that in a ny case, provision is made far a long period of transiti on dur ing i Jhicl1 readaptation can tal-::e place ; t ha t a nurr,ber of safe~uard clauses, designed t o avoid special l1ardship far any c oun:ry, would certainly be incorporated in t he a gr eement ; and t hat, in t he long run, Greece could not fail to b enefit f rom t h e insti tution of a larger, f reer market in \'lestern Europe.. I ac1c1ec.1, too, that I vias s1;.re t hat t here was a real apprecia tion in Paris of the need to maintain t he unity of O.E.E.C. a nd to do nothing t:j~li ch vwuld tend to ò.iffere:1tiate betvje en some of its r:embers and others. 31. But these argument s did not impress my hearers. The y are r.eces saril y more concerned with tl:.e :.mr..ediate disadvantage s and diff::..cul ti es of t he transi tion period, wi th t he c~a:<1g ers which participation in a free trade area woul d involve for Greece in the immediate futu.re, a nd with t:1e imperative nee ds of the Greek e conomy a t t ~1e pres ent t ime, than 1-1i t h t he possible lonc;- t erm results. The y are, above all, g8nuinel y s h ocked at t he lack of cyj.s i d ::rat:i.,m far t~;e: ir :i.n t 8 r e sts wh:i.ch t hr;se propos&ls appear to t ~1E: m to s how a nd b y t h E-: p()l j_tical de ductlon s which they feel t hat t rey E. 2457l

43 - 8 - tr..t-: s"'c c~ ravr from this appreciation of the attitude of ot J.:er Lembe cs $ These are the considerations whie:h -v-;ill be in the mind of.. t he Sr-eek Hinister who com?.s to the Council meeting on J_2th and 13t:1 Pebrua.ry. I dò not, of c ourse, lrrw~ r in w ha t terms we ~ 'lill zive expression to t~em; I do believe that great weight should be given to the views which he does express, because they iill reflect ooinions which are sincerely held an6 i1ave been 4 ~ carefully considered by all the cfficials and Mini st~rs concerned.,, S.P.c. Athe ns - Rome - Milan - Geneva. 2nd February, 1957 E

44 O. E. C.E. O. E. E. C. EPA/TU/6257 AV/JB. MEMORANDUM Paris,2lst February A To De F r om hlr. R. Sergent, Secretary General A. Vermeulen, uead of Trade Union Sectionl Objet Subject Letters from Greece. I have pleasure in passing on to you two notes from the Greek Trade Union ~ ovcment, one dealing with tje huropeun Co~non Larket, ~1ich seems to be of p~rticular interest in view of the position adopted by the Grcek Government and the second one regarding the view of the Greek Confederation of Labour on the development of Greece from the time of liberation up to now. r. '! r Vi ~.,_ ) l'v> r {... 1[P"'' ' : ~ ~ H""" 'iru-tev» w JlL 1 sr j ~ ~(~~~~;

45 GREEK GENERAL CONFEDERATION OF LABOR CABL.E MEMBER OF THE INTERNA. TIONAL CONFEDERA TION OF FREE TRADE UNIONS 69, 28TH OF OCTOSERE ST A THENS - GREE C E CONFÉDÉRA TI ON GÉNÉRAL~ DU TRAVAIL DE GRÈCE SECTIOH DE LA COHF*D*RATIOH IHTERHATIOMALI DES SYMDICATS LIIRES ADDRESS AODRESSE TÈL.ÈGR RUE 28Me OCTOSRE No 69 ATHÉNES - CRÈCE CONFÉDÉRATION TRAVAII.. ATHÈNES TEL Rer Rs TO GE D a.aa1ed OI.Y f T Cl WR GO YEAfl E~ O ~ ~~3.r!.~ :u CJD~'t\11!'~ s ( 8Ef0.!114t... E -.,. -.~..... ; cr.h':!l : 7-"'C\Ssì Fi Ci The views of the G. S. E. E. Aàministration in connection with the contemplated 11 Common European r;rarket 11, can be summarized as follows~ 1. It is evident that the European integration constitutes an urgent and unescapable necessity for all. European Peoples, dictated by the very feeling for survival of the European spirit and civilization and for the securement of Peace, Freedom and Independence of our Continent ' s Peoples. 2. The establi shment of a Common European Market, provided by the above mentioned plan, being the fundamental aspect of such an integration, namely,the economie aspect of the problem, constitutes a considerable step towards the common ideal of t he United States of Europe, its aim being the coordination of ef forts for the raising of European Peoples ' sdandard of l.iving. 3. Nevertheless, the conditions for such an integration of European Econ~my, under the present state of affairs, create for the economicall.y under-developed countries, a re al dilemma - particularly wi th regard t o the first phase of the Plan ' s application. This applies especially to Greece, where the dem.ographic problem and the problems of permanent l!dj.employment, underemployment and uncontrolled economy, are more acute than in any other European Country. 4. We think, however, that Greece has no other choice but participate in the Common European Market, as tne contrary in addition to the other destructive conse~ences - would deprive Greece of the profits, which the European economie integration is aiming at. 1fq~

46 In view of the above, we think that the participation of Greece in the common market of six States, would be advantageous for Greek Economy. Because according to the other plan (of Free Zone), while the import of fabrics in Greece is liberalized, the export of Greek agricultural products is not at all facilitated. This disadvantage is further intensified by the preference given to the agricultural products from the Commonwealth Countries, by Great Britain. 6. Consequently, if the Greek Government finally decides t o participate in the common market, the following objective's should be pursued: a) That the co.mmon market plan should include the agricultural :products too. b) That Greek economy - being underdeveloped - should enjoy certain ~ecial privileges. T ho se privileges shoùl d be in the form: i) Of the postponement of the reduced tariff application for a period of four years, until the measures taken for the modernization and development of its industrial equipment, has prove d efficient. ii) Of granting to Greece a higher rate of investments from the common Fund. iii) Of extension of the period within which the abolishing of tariffs is scheduled (that is, beyond 15 years). c) Greece should be granted all the necessary means for the professional trainin6 of its labour force. d) The e.migrating Greek workers should enjoy the same working conditions, applying for the indigenous workers. e) The application of a European program of investments and of industries ' establishment, securing the employment of Greek workers, who will lese their jobs, as many enterprises will close down, as a result of the common market. f) The special treatment of Greece, in the matter of allowances to be granted to unemployed as a result of the progressive abolition of tariffs. Furthermore, the G. S. E. E. considers it necessary that Greek competent authorities should work out an economie program, harmonized with the conditions which will come out of the eventual realization of common market; moreover, a t riparti te Council, for cooperation on national scale, should be established, which in the future must be completed by bipartite branch Committees, as in such a general revolutionary

47 - 3 economie reform, all ef forts would be in vain, unless sincere and eqqal-in-value cooperation between the State and the productive f orces is secured, in commonly cop ing with the problems arising in t his historical turning point òf European Economy. Fotis Makris General Secretary

48 GREEK GENERAL CONFEDERATION OF LABOR MEMBER Of THE INTERNA. TIONAL CONFEDERA TION OF FREE TRADE UNIONS CABLE 69, 28rH OF OCTOBERE ST ATHENS - GREECE CONFÉDÉRATION GtNÉRAL~ DU TRAVAIL DE GRÈCE SICTIOH DE LA CONftDtRATIOH INTERHATIONALI DES SYHDICATS LIBRES AOORESS AOORESSE TÈLÈGR RUE 28ME OCTOBRE No 69 AT HÉN:ES - CRÈCE CONFÉDÉRATION TRAVAIL. ATHÈNES TEL Rer..... Athens... :E'.e.:t>~.f:l~Y.. J..4.t...J 957 ~:EMORANDUM To ~.1r. Sergeant General Secretary of the OEEC The views of the Greek General Confederation of Labour on the development of Greek from the time of liberation up to now The purpose of this memorandum is on the one hand to give a description of the circumstances under which Greek Economy has developed during the post-war years and on the other, to make once more known the anxieties of Greek Labour for the economie policy followed, and its views about what should be done so that Greece should not remain for ever underdeveloped and dependant on aid from abroad. x x x a) Thus, The Country's economy during the last decade has been seriously influenced by two events: the guerrilla-warfare and the.american Assistance. rhere are two important turning points in the history of that period: 1) The en ding of the guerrillawarfare (October 1949) and the monetary devaluation and the implementation of the so-called liberal economie policy. the decade is divided in three periods, each of which should be examined separately in the light of the events which have affected the course of our economy.

49 During the first period( ) Greek people have made a superhuman effort to reconstruct the ruins caused by the war and the occupation. In this effort they have been supported by the generous material and moral assistance of the United states of America ; however, at the same time, they have been confronted with the furious reaction of international communism, which had launched against the Country the guerrilla- war which has caused as many damages as those caused by war and occupation. The workers and the peasants have been the heroes and the victims of that effort. The continuous and abrupt devaluation of drachma had annihilated any effort made toward the improvement of the real income of popular masses, and the gradual L~crease of National Income obtained in spite of the guerrilla-warfare, as well as the enormous funds of the American assistance, have contributed - through the tolerance or even the assistance of Governments - to the enrichment of the few and the formation of an economie oligarchy, which since that time imposes its will. The owners of the means of production have realized enormous profits during that time. And the worst is that a great part of these profits has not '; been invested in works wiming at the development of economy, but it has been transformed into sterile gold sovereigns or has been smuggled abroad. The manufacturers realized profits varying between 50%-200%; moreover they increased their properties with loans which were blotted out through monetary devaluation. Besides, the various governments wavered continuously between controlled or liberal economie policy, with, as n result for the country, to have anarchy in the economy, of which a few clever persons have taken advantage at the expense of the community. As far as the positive development of economy is concerned, ambitious programs were worked out, which, later on, were found groundless and were abandoned. The situation of our economy at that time was aggravated by the unceasing interference of the American Mission, which, ignorant of the peculiar problems of Greek economy, treated Greece as a guinea-pig. Under these circumstances it is not strange that the life of wage and salary earners has been martyrical and t hat the progress of our economy has been so unimportant, when compared to the assistance granted. 2.- One might hope that, after the end of the guerrilla-war our economy would progress by leaps and bounds towards its objectives, making up for the time lost. Unfortunately, this time too, the pregress was very slow, owing, on the one hand to the drastic curtailment of American

50 - 3 assistance and on the other, to the fact that the Governments of that period had been unable to realize that the N 1 problem of this Country, was the solution of the unemployment and underemployment problem through the prompt development of economy. Possessed by the phobia of inflation, they have applied a narrow-minded anti-inflationary policy, which resulted to the withering of our economy, at a time when, because of the curtailment of American assistance, a great campaign for increased production was imperative, which would offer job opportunities to unemployed workers. The unstable governments of that period were driven to this anti-inflationary policy by the irresvonsible American economie advisors who at that time were interested more than anything else in the maintainance of monetary stability in Greece; because, in view of the events of Korrea, they intended to change the purposes of the assistance granted to Greece, from economie to defensive ones. Once more the wage and salary earners have suffered from the consequences of the policy followed, as their claims for increased wages were rejected by the Government on the excuse that any increase would shake the tottering monetary stability. Besides, when certain restrictive measures were taken with regard to the unstudied and unplanned credit policy, the industrial enterprises lost a remarkable source of easy enrichment, which permitted them, up to that time to move, without taking ihto consideration the elementary economie rules. This - eqso unstudied - restriction of credits had as results, on the one hand the fall in the business and the dismissals of thousands of vvorkers, and on the other, the "frozen credits", which constituted a tremendous moral and economie scandal, which affected mainly the working people and their social insurance funds. In such an atmosphere of phobia - partly àue to the excessive military expenses imposed on Greece by NATO and to the dangers of budget s deficits- it was natural that one could not expect remarkable State investments or a policy aiming at the improvement of p opular masses 1 living standards; and we may consider it as a lucky event that at that time a start was made towards the implementation of the Country's electrification program. 3 - This was the situation in Greek economy until the end of the second period which coincided with the advent of a Government possessing an overwhelming majority guaranteeing political stability, which was considered a necessary element on the one hand for r ( the forging of people's confidence in Greek economy and in the ~ economie policy cf the State, and on the other for taking serious

51 GREEK GENERAL CONFEDERATION OF LABOR MEMBER OF THE INTERNA. TIONAL CONFEDERA TION OF FREE T RADE UNIONS 69, 28rH OF OCTOBERE ST ATHENS -GREECE CONFÉDÉRATION GÉNÉRALE DU TRAVAIL DE GR~CE SECTIOH DE LA COHFI:DiiRATIOH IHTERHATIOHALI DES SYHDICATS LIIRES RUE 28Me OCTOBRE No 69 ATHÉN:ES - CRÈCE CABLE AODRESS AODRESSE TÈLÈGR CONFÉDÉRATtON TRAVAIL. ATHÈNES TEL Rer Athen..:l..., l<'r.n-v>-i_p-y>... _1Q')... CLASSlFI:!O.. iteii... TO BE DECLASSIFIEO Ott V M E [ O R A N D U M Ey D AFIER ED YEARS LA à l' intention de M. SERGEANT Ey O Affi~ 120 VEARS Secrétaire Général de 1 1 OECE Au D IOl Nmni!Zm RJIIWI Ss s ( 8Ef'-ORE (DATE):... l m, OTHER :_t\e C LP\.~ : Points de vue de la C. G. ~.G. sur le développement de l ' Economie Nationale de la Grèce, depuis la Libération à nos jours As Le but de cette notice est de tracer en premier lieu une esquisse des conditions économiques de la Grèce. dans le laps de temps ~ui suivit la libération et d ' autre part a relever les inquiétudes du facteur ouvrier concernant la politique écon omi~ue suivie par 1 1 Etat, ainsi que ses considérations sur les mesures qui s ' imposent afin que la Grèce ne reste à jamais un :pays sous-développ é, obligé de dépendre de l ' aide étrangère. x x x L ' économie nationale a été au cours des dix dernières années influencée par deux évenements majeurs:le soulevement des bandes cpmmunistes et l ' aide Américaine. La marche suivie dans cette double conjecture est marquée par deux points irnportants d'arr~t: 1) la fin de la guerre civile en Octobre 1949 et 2) la dévalorisation de la monnaie en Avril 1953 et l ' ayplication de l ' économie politique libérale. Ainsi,le laps de temps susmentionné,se divise en trois périodes, chacune d ' entre elles devant ~tre examinée à p art, sous le jour des événements ~ui influencèrent la marche de l ' économie nationale. 1.- furant la yremière p ériode ( ), le peuple grec se livre à un effort surhumain pour redresser les ruines de la guerre et de l ' occupa't'ion. Il est aidé dans cette t.che par le concours matériel et moral de s ~~tats - TJ::1is cl'... ~111ériq1 J.e,mais est contré dans son effort parla réaction enragée du co.mmunisme international,qui déclancha la guerre des bandes communistes,dont les méfaits et les destru-

52 ctions dépasserait en Grèce ceux de la guerre mondiale et de l ' occup a t io n o Les ouvriers et les paysans,furent les héros et les victimes de l 'effort initial du redressement. La dévalorisation continue et rapide de la drachme neutralisait toute tentative d' amélioration du revenu réel des classes ouvrières,tandis ~ue l'augmentation progressive du revenu national,nonobstant la guerre civile,et les montants astronomi~uee de l ' aide Amér icaine,contribuèrent grace à la tolérance du Gouvernement d' alors,à l ' enrichissement d 'un certain nombre de citoyens habiles et 8. la création d 'une oligarchie financière ~ui depuis ce temps :m impose ses volant és au pays o Ceux qui p ossédaient alors des moyens de production,ont recolté d' énormes bénéfices o Le pire de la situation,est ~u 'une grande partie de ces montants,n'a p as été employée à des investissements locaux en vue du développ ement de l ' économie nationale, mais fu t transformée en de lingots d 'or stérile et envoyée à l' étranger. Les bénéfices recoltés :par l es industriels, fluctuent entre 50 et 200;;, tandis ~u e p ar ailleurs ils augmentaient leur fortune par des pr ts que la dévalorisation monétaire réduisait à néant. QL,1ant au Gouvernement, il hésitait entre l ' économie dirigée et. l' économie libérale,avec pour résultat,le régime d 'une économie hybride et anarchiq_ue, exploit ée par l es ha bile s au détriement de la ma jorité des citoyenso x x x x x Du point de vue d 'un dévelop:pement p ositif de l' économie nationale, des progra.mmes sensationnels étaient dressés,abandonn és aussitot ap rée ~u 'on eut reconu leur man~ue de valeur constructive. L' image des conditions sous lesquelles se débattait l'économie du p ays à cette épo~ue,es t complétée p ar l' intervention incessante de la Mission Américaine en Grèce,qui dans l' i gnorance des probl èmes particuliers de l ' économie de notre pays,ne faisait,selon une expression locale, q_u e " tondre une t te chauve ". Il n'est pas étonnant dans c es conditions ~ue la vie des salariés ait été un martyr et q_ue le p rogrés accompli dans l' économie aient été si insignifients par rapp ort à l' aide octroyée. 2.- On p ouvai t croire, qu 'ave c la f in de s guerrillas communiste s, l' économie nationale aurait p rogressé par bonds successifs pour atteindre l 'objectif visé,gagnant de la sorte le temps p eràuo r~~ alheureusement cette fois aussi le progrés a été lent, du fai t ~ue d 'une part l ' aide avait été considérablement réduite et q_ue,par ailleurs, le s g ouvernement s de c et te p ériode de temp s se sont r.a.ontrés inca:pables de se rendre compte ~ue le problème No 1 du pays était d' affronter, gr.ce au développement rapide de l' économie nationale la vague grossissante du chomage et du sous-emploi.

53 - 3 - Pris par la :phobie de l ' inflation, ils a:ppliquèrent une politique étroite anti-inflationniste,qui eut pour résultat le retressissement de l ' économie nationale, à l ' heure où s ' imposait,par suite de la réduction de l ' aide américaine,un effort courageux en vue de l ' augmentation de la production par l 'utilisation de la main d 'oeuvre restée inecte. Cette fois encore, les salariés furent tributaires des conséquences découlant de la politique économiq_ue suivie par les honnnes au pouvoir ; sous :pretexte q_ue la mo indre amélioration des condi t ions de vie des travailleurs ébranlerait la stabilité monnétaire,sensible au _}lus haut degré, t oute réelamation pour une augmentation rationelle des rétributions, était rejetée par les p ouvoir publics,sous le régime en vigueur de l ' interention de l ' Etat. Sur la limi tat ion qui s 'ensuivit du programme inconsidéré de créditement,les entreprises industrielles virent s ' épuiser la source des gains facile et se fenner la porte leur permettant de se mouvoir sans tenir compte des statuts élémentaires régissant leur activit é. La limi tation de s crédit s eut ainsi pour résul tat la rédu.:... ction des travaux et le licenciément de milliers d ' ouvriers, p~ovoquant d ' autre p art la plaie des crédits gelés, suscitant de la sorte un monstrueux scandale économique et moral, au détriement des travailleurs et de leurs organisations d ' assurance. :Dans ce climat de phobie générale, auquel contribuèrent le s excessives dépenses militaires imp osées à la Grèce :9ar l ' O ~ A N il était naturel de ne pas attendre des investissements sérieux de la p art de l ' Etat, ou l ' ap:çùication d 'une politiq_ue d ' amélioration du niveau de vie des classes ouvrj.eres,nous jugeant heureux qu'on ai t au moins _pu entreprendre l' éxécution du programme d ' électrificat ion du pays. 3.- C ' est dans les conditions susmentionnées q_ue l ' économie grecq_ue a atteint le second stade de son évolution, qui concorde ave c la mont ée au pouvoir d 'un gouvernement disposant d 'une majorité écrasante, garant d'une stabilité politique,considérée comme élément indispensable pour le regain de confiance en la monnaie nationale et la politiq_ue économique de l ' Etat, et d ' autre part, pour la p rise de décisions importante s en vue du développement de l ' économie et la hausse du niveau de vie de la population. Cette troisième p ériode est inaugurée par la décision sensationnelle de porter au double la valeur du change étranger, suivie p ar des mesures de franchise des importations, soumises jusqu ' alors à des ll7.itations quantitatives et autres. Indé:9endemm.ent du oou.p port é con tre la dracbme et contre l 'esprit d ' épargne par la hausse de 70% de la valeur de la livre or, la valorisation au double du prix du change étranger,marq_ua le départ d 'une vague de hausse sur tous les articles importés et notemment ceux de première nécessité,p ayés jusqu ' alors :par change

54 national au prix officiel de drachmes le dollar Comme il fal l ait s ' y attendre,le mouvement de la hausse des prix s ' éten dit graduellement sur les biens de production locale, le s seuls f act eurs ayant r ésist é à cett e tendance de plus e n p l u s généralisée, étant la récol te e xtraordinairement riche de cette ann ée et le s t atu-quo des appointements et salaires. Ainsi, l ' exp érience f inancière du n ouveau gouvernement, qui avait été tent ée dans le but d' a ssainir l' économie national e et d ' attirer les cap itaux ét rangers néce s saires à ce dévelopy ement, a ét é soutenue par de nouvelle s pr ivat ions des salariés et p ar l ' obole :p opulaire,alors que les économi quement riches, qqi n 'avaient p as confiance en la r.o. onnaie nat ionale,virent en une srule nuit doubler leur ca? itaux. Les sacrifices consentis par les salariés ne se limitèrent p as à cela. En plus de la dévalorisation de la drachme et de l a hausse des prix,l ' industrie indigène subissait la concurrence de l ' étranger, avec p our résultat la réduction ou l ' arret des travaux des entreprises de second ordre et le licencier.o.ent p art iel ou total du p ersonnel.? ar ailleurs,l ' exécution de travaux essentiels p r évus p ar le programme de reconstruction,ainsi que l ' absorption du p otentiel ouvrier disp onible,auquel s ' a joutent c ha que année travailleurs, hommes et femmes p arvenus à l ' ~g e canoni ~ue,ne sont r éal isés qu ' à u n de gr é ins ignifiant,par suite de la lenteur avec l aquelle sont effectués les investissements y relatifs par l ' Etat. Malgr é la p ression exercé e p ar le :probl ème dém ographi queet le pr ogr és teclmiques r éalis és dans un lap s de tem:p s trés court _par d ' aut re s p ays i n dust r i alisés, le Gouvernement Grec ne sernble p as encore avoir accordé l ' im:p ortance qu'il mérite au probl ème de l ' emploi et à la n éce ssit é d 'u n rap ide dévelo:!.j:p ement de n otre écon o mie par le moyen de serieux inve st issement s, sur l a base d 'un pr- o gr amme économique corresp ondant aux besoins et aux p ossibi l i tés du peuple hellénique. Nous constajons :p ar contre, que les dép enses milita ires qui absorbent depuis des ann ées le 50% des recettes,de source g recque du Bu dget National,restent immuables,et qu ' il faut sans arret le s couvrir par des im:p ots sup::;ù émentaires qui frappent princip aleme nt les classes économiqqement faibles. Ainsi la fiscalité qui dépasse le 2 3~:; du revenu nat ional, épuise la limite de p ossibilit é de s contribuables,p orte obstacle à la consommation des bwns de première nécessité et atteinte à l ' économie nationale. Douze ans se sont écoulés de:puis la libération, et les tra vailleurs grecs continuent à se con summer dans un effort épuisant p our équilibrer leur bidget f amilial ou p ersonnel,en ayant tou jours devantles yeux le spectre eff r e.yant du chor.o.age. x x x x x

55 - 5 - Pour remedier à cette situation il faudrait :prendre des mesures sévères et radicales, que :présidera l ' int ér t général de la nation, dans les cadres duquel les reclamations matérielles et morales des travailleurs pourront trouver satisfaction. A cet effet,il faudrait, de l ' avis de la C.G.T. G.,imposer les mesures suivantes: a) Dressemant d 'un :p rogramme économique.complet et de longue haleine, axé sur l ' assainissement rapide et le développement de notre économie nationale. Si, jusq_u ' à :présent,la modernisation et le développement de notre économie était une g_uestion de relevement du niveau de vie du peuple grec, auj~d ' ~i,en vue de la création d 'un Marché Commun de l 'Europe, c ' est une g_uest ion de survivance économig_ue de la Grèce; b) Allégement immédiat du. Budget National au chapitre des dépenses militaires g_ui absorbent des dracbmes saines,indispensables pour l' application d 'un programme de longue haleine d ' investissements effectués par l ' Etat; c) Rédu.ction des :impots,g_ui absorbent environ le quart du revenu national et limitent de façon inadmissible le potentiel de consommation de larges couches sociales; d) Susciter l ' intéret des capitaux privés,en vue de leur investissement dans des travaux productifs, sur la base du programme dressé selon l es besoins et l es possibili t és productives du ::pays; En p Lus de ces mesures économig_ues,il faudrait un changement radical des conceptions pér:imées sur le facteur humain,et relever la valeur morale " L ' Hormne ",qui a ét é tellement vilipendé au c ours de c es dernières années. Un grand nombre des suggestions formulées dans ce mémoire sont dans le cadre des p ossibilités du Gouvernement Grec. Certaines autres exigent la compréhension et l ' assistance des pays économig_uement forts de l ' Occident,g_ui doivent se rendre compte que si la Grèce doit demeurer un des forts bastions de défence du monde occidental, l es canons à eu x seuls n ' y p ourraient suff ire, il f audrai t de plus conserver intact le moral élevé du pays, impuissant à survivre a une déchéance économig_ue de l' individu.- FO:ris MAKRIS Secrétaire Général

56 O. E. C.E. O. E. E. C. EPA/'l'U/6389 AV/JB. MEMORANDUM Pari s, 28th February A To Mr. R. Sergent, Secretary Generai De ('r ~ Frorh A. Vermeulen._~ c.~ Objet Subject Letters from Greece. As requested I have pleasure in sending you conc ept of a letter to be sent in reply to the two memoranda received from Greece (a) concerning the Eur0pean Co~non Market and (b) views of the Greek Confederation of Labour on the development of Greece from liberation to- date.

57 Draft Ietter frorn Mr. Sergent to the Greek Generai Confederatlon of Labour. J..)ear ~ir. dakri s, Thank you for the two memoranda received from your organisation, one giving the views of the Greek Generai Confederation of Labour on the development of Greece from the time of llberution up to now, and the second one dealing with the views of the GSEE in connection with the contempla t ed 8uropean Common 1Iarke t. The information set out in the first memorandum is a valuable contribution towards the O.E.~.C. documentation on the economie development of the associated countries. /. \ l ' l l ' From the second document it is stimulating to see the posi ti ve approach of the Greek Trade Union.Iovement towards the establishment of a common market, in spite of the fact that the special circumstances in Greece require certain recognition. The Council of Ministers at its recent meeting recognised the svecial circumstances of Greece in this regdrd and the Decision taken provides that account shali be taken of these circumstances in the. J// negotiations for a Free.. r/.,: f ~ ~ 'p '.A...P.r J l' -t- l'rade Area. 6 lr

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62 Il ) l o l Cl. 5"'o 1 () le 20 novembre 1957 Cher 'onsieur J co et, Me réf :rant votre lettre n. 327 en date du 11 octobre éc ulé, veuill z bien pr ndre not qu j donn mon o.ocord à l :v c dure proposé t.r l crét re Génér l eone n n l r po t sur l ob t-ol s ux xport tions d prcduits aricole it 11 ns (doournent C(57)205).. docum~3n t s r 1 t, oonséq_u... nt, soumie dir cte.ent au n e1 1 '='pr 9 ex!! men p le Comité ; i xte des ~ch~n g~s et d 9 P-1 menta. Veuill~z gr r, o h~ r. o n i ur, l ' xpr esion d tte senti ente l s illeurs. o f. (),m. ons1 ur urice J comet Secré i t ' u ' ns il t du Co té xéoutif de l'o o. ~. P R I S l ~::,

63 DELEGATION de GRECE uprès de l'~ganisation Européenne de Coopération Econo~que Paris,. le 11 octobl'e Villa Sa t d Kle Mossieurs, En réponse à votre lettre N 320 au sujet du projet de résolution concernant le patronage de l'~ganisation d une expérience :3ur la durée de l'immunité contre la f'ièvre aphteuse, et tout n marquant notre accord de principe sur ce projet de résolution, nous désirons néanmoins obsorver qu'il est bien entendu que la ré lisation des expériences en question n' ntratner pas de dépenses pour l'~ganisation. S'il n'en est pas ainsi, nous préférons que la décision sur ce projet soit remise à une date ultérieure pour donner le ternps au Groupe de la ~oductivité du Comité des Suppléants de ~'Agriculture, d'étudier la priorité à ccorder u projet n question en relation vec les autres projets proposés pour le programm de l'année 1957/581 Veu~lez agréer Messieurs, l' ssurance de notr considér tion distinguée. Th. c. CHHI TIDIS Ministre Plénipotentiaire Chef de l a Délégation Secrétariat du Comité Exécutif, o.e.c.e.

64 ORGANISATION EUROPÉENNE DE COOPÉRA TI ON ÉCONOMIQUE ORGANISATION FOR EUROPEAN ECONOMI( CO-OPERATION Secrétariat du Conseil et du Comité Exécutif Paris, le ler octobre 1957 N.320 Monsieur le Délégué, J 1 ai 1 1 honneur d'attirer votre attention sur le document CE(57)39, ci-joint, relatif à l 1 octroi du natronage de 1 1 0r ~anisation à une expérienc e sur la durée d 1 immunité contre la fièvre aphteuse. Ce document contiont on annexe un projet de Résolution du Comité Exécutif. Je vous serais très obligé de bien vouloir m'informer, n vant le lundi 14 octobre, si vous avez d e s observation s à formuler sur cette Résolution et sur les prodos :i. tions contenues dans le document. Dans la né~ ative, le proiet de Résolution sera considéré comme adouté et l'accord du Comité ~xé cutif sera con signé dans le nrocès-verbal de la séance nui suivra l e 14 octobre. Veuillez a~ réer, Monsieur le Délégué, les assurances de ma hau te considération. M. Jacomet,...

65 .)ÉLÉGATION DE GRÈCE AUP R,::S DE L'C'R-~A.: : '\TION EUROP ~Eì~N;:: DE COOPEKATION é:conomique a l' ov mbre ons ieur l Se or t ire néral, vons u t cti ue notr upr rd, d'insister sur ion n tionales b sa des d leur l t d,....../...

66 uniquement à la Délégation Permanent tout u moina n ce qui concerne on Pay.s, pour tout renseign ent qu'ils voudraient obtenir de l a part dudit Pays. Veuillez agréer, onsieur le Secrétaire Général, l'assuranoe de ma haut oons1dérat1on. 'rh. C. CHRISTIDIS nistre Plén1pot nti r Chef de la Délé atian.

67 OR G ANISATION EUROPÉENNE DE COOPE:RATION ÉCONOMIQUE C H ATEAU DE LA MUETTE 2. RUE ANDRÉ-PASCAL PARIS 16'' TÉLÉPHONE TROCADÉRO D IRECT ION DE L'ADMINISTRATION E T DES CON FÉRENCES TÉLÉGRAMMES EUROPECONOMIE PARIS D IVISION DU PERSONNEL NOTRE RÉFÉRENCE VOTRE RÉFÉRENCE DATE JR/mp 30 octobre 1957 Monsieur le Ministre, Situation du personnel permanent de l 1 en matière de sécurité sociale 0.E.C.~. Je me permets de vous rappeler les termes de ma lettre du 27 aout dernier par laquelle je vous faisais part de la nécessité o~ se trouvait le Secrétaire gén~ral d'obtenir de vos services des renseignements pr3cis sur le fonctionnement du régime vieillesse de l'assurance nationale ou d 'un autre système officiel d 'assurance dans votre pays. Je n'ai pas à ce jour reçu de réponse. Or, la proche conclusion d'un accord sur la Sécurité Sociale entre l'o.e.c.e. et le Gouvernement français imposera à brève échéance aux agents non français de choisir entre le maintien de leur affiliation au régime vieillesse de la Sécurité Sociale française et leur affiliation éventuelle à un régime national d 1 assurance. Le Secrétaire général s'estime donc tenu de donner très prochainement à son personnel les indications nécessaires pour faire ce choix. Aussi, je vous serais très obligé de faire ce qui sera en votre pouvoir pour qu 1 il soit répondu à mon questionnaire dans les meilleurs délais. Je vous prie d'agréer, Monsieur considération. vous prie ma haute Monsieur le Ministre du Travail Gouvernement Royal de Grèce, Athènes. Chef de la H.C.

68 ORGANISATION FOR EUROPEAN ECONOMIC CO-OPERATION CHATEAU DE LA MUETTE 2. RUE ANDRÉ PASCAL PARIS 16 TELEPHONE TROCAD~RO DIRECT ORATE OF ADMINISTRATION AND CONFERENCES PERSONNEL DIVISION TEL EG RAM S EUROPECONOMIE PARIS OUR REFERENCE JR/mp YOUR REFERENCE DATE 30th October, 1957 Sir, Position of the Permanent Staff of the O.E.E.C. in regard to Social Insurance I beg to refer to my letter of August 27th last in which I explained the Secretary-General's desire t o obtain details from your Government of the conditions of affiliation to, and scope of National Old Age Insurance, or other systems of superannuation available in your country. At the time of writing no reply has come to hand and indeed I would not press the ma tter were i t not that this Organisation is now on the point of reaching an agreement with the French Government as to ways and means, for staff such as the majority of French nationals who so desire, to maintain their affiliation to old age insurance under the Sécurité Sociale régime. This means that the staff will shortly have to make up their minds between the alternatives of continuing contributions in France or of suhscribing to national or some other form of old age insurance in their home countries. The. Secretary-General is anxious, therefore, to lay before the staff as soon as possible suchd etails of schemes in force outside France as will facilitate their arriving at a satisfactory conclusion. May I ask you, therefore, kindly to expedite as much as conveniently possible the replies to the questionnaire in your possession. The Secretary-General again asks me to present his apologies for the trouble which this enq.jiry occasions. I am, obedient servant, The Rt. Hon. The Minister of Labour he Government of Greece, Athens. Rea d

69 .. l D,ÉL~GATION DE GRÈCE AU, RÈS DE L'ORGANISATION EUROP~ENNE D E COOP~RA TION ~CONOMIQUE P ARIS, LE... ~~--- -~--~-~-~-~-:;:~ , VIlla Sald KLE Monsieur le Secrétàire Général, jtai l'honneur de portar à votre connaissance que le Gouvernement Hellenique invita Monsieur Jacques BAUR admirristrateur du Comita du Pétrole, à l'inauguration of'f'icielle de notre raffinerie du Pirée qui aura lieu au debut du mois prochain. Nous vous prions de bien vouloir prendre les dispositions adm.ìnistratives necessaires afin que Monsieur Baur puisse representer le Comité du Pétrole de l'o.e.c.e. à cette inauguration. Nous vous prions également de noter que nous avons pris l e-s disposi tions necessaire.s pour assurer le logement à l t hotel Athenée Palace de liotre administrateur, dont tous les frais de sejour à Athènes seront à ~a charge de notre Gouvernement. Veuillez agréer, Monsieur le Secrétaire Général, l'assurance de ma plus parfaite considération. ~-~~ Th.C.CHRISTI Ministre Plénipotentiaire Chef de la Délégation. M.R. sergent Sécrétaire Général de l'organisation Européenne de Coopération Econo!que Paris I6. Copie adresser à M.J.Baur.

70 GC l 6 L l aove br l 5, on i ur le tnlatr, J' i l 'honn ur d 'accu r r c i ti l 1 ttr bn at O octo l, p r l uel, vou vcz ~i u voulu i r ue le nt l i que t invtté o i r lmur, s or~t ir ~ Co ité u t.rol aa1st.er ~ 'in u ur o otf1o1ell la r fti rt d J' l ét r t t.t e re erct r p r vot.re 1 le Go uv di lr ce t. t ttent n nt hellénique l J vou yri ur o gré r, ur l 1 1 t.r, u~ co si r tion. Citt dint Cesl onste-ur iat.re Pl i o l D"l g l ' O C. E. r i a c rl&t.i t i.r de Gr.. c

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75 LeGA.TloN Dr: GREc AUPP.:::s o L... 'IS;\TIO N I UROPÉE1M.2 ::).' C:;J OPÉRATION ÉCONOMJQUE Paris, le I 2 Déce bre I onsieur le ecréta.ire Général, J ' ai l ' honneur de vous remettre ci-inolus la so e de ; o. ooo.- frcs. produit d ' une collecte effectuée parmi les me bres de ma Délégation pour les sinistrés de Frejus, Je vous pr ie de bien voul.oir versar oette somme à. la collecte de l ' O. ~. c., Veuillez afréert ~onsi eur le ecrét aire Général, 1 assurance de a oonsidération distinguée. ~ ~ ~ '-z..,j\- \}./ ) r \ -~ ~~~ Th. C. CllRI TDJ IS illini~t~e Plénipctentiaire...-)Jnef de la Dél égation. ll.lonsieur le b ec té -~ai ro Général de l' Or ga.nisation ~ill ropéenne d Coopération conomi que Ch&teau de la ~uette Paris I ~

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