Instrument testing Tests instrumentaux. Montpellier 23 juin - 4 juillet 2008 Gourlot J.-P.

Transcription

1 Instrument testing Tests instrumentaux Montpellier 23 juin - 4 juillet 2008 Gourlot J.-P.

2 Plan of presentation Plan de présentation Fiber development and measurement Length measurement Colour and trash Maturity, fineness and micronaire Strength A point about calibration Développement et mesure de la fibre Mesure de longueur Couleur et trash Maturité, finesse et micronaire Ténacité Un point sur l étalonnage

3 Fiber quality development Primary wall Secondary wall

4 Age of the boll (days) Length (mm) and diameter (micron) Wall thickness (microns) Fiber quality development Length Perimeter Maturity Flower

5 Fiber constitution Constituants Percentage Cellulosis 95.0 Proteins 1.6 Waxes 0.9 Physiological sugars 0.3 Other 2.2

6 Fiber quality measurement Micronaire Mike, IM Color + contaminants Tensile behavior

7 Fiber quality measurement Could be measured Cellulose types Wax content Flexion / flexibility Curling / crimp Reversals Spiral...

8 Fiber quality measurement Length Micronaire Length uniformity Color Trash content Strength and more Example of ITC (This display does not constitute any type of recommendation for this equipment, picture from an advertisement from Uster Technologies)

9 Plan of presentation Plan de présentation Fiber development and measurement Length measurement Colour and trash Maturity, fineness and micronaire Strength A point about calibration Développement et mesure de la fibre Mesure de longueur Couleur et trash Maturité, finesse et micronaire Ténacité Un point sur l étalonnage

10 Optical sensor Transmission Diffraction -inside - outside Scattering - inside - outside Absorption Original drawing : Gourlot 12/97

11 Fibrogram curve Construction du fibrogramme Light sensor, measure of variation % of fibers Fibrogram Quantity of fibers for tensile test Displacement Light emission Displacement Fiber length

12 Fiber quality measurement Length Fibrogram % Fibrogram Lengh group (mm) Mean Length Upper Half ML Uniformity Index % = ML. 100 UHML

13 % Fiber quality measurement Length Fibrogram NOT FOR HVI Fibrogram SL 50 % Lengh group (mm) SL 2.5 % UR% = SL 50 %. 100 SL 2.5 %

14 Fiber quality measurement Length parameters NOT FOR HVI SL 2.5 ~ UHML ~ Pulling mm SL 50 % <> ML mm mm UR % <> UI % % %

15 Plan of presentation Plan de présentation Fiber development and measurement Length measurement Colour and trash Maturity, fineness and micronaire Strength A point about calibration Développement et mesure de la fibre Mesure de longueur Couleur et trash Maturité, finesse et micronaire Ténacité Un point sur l étalonnage

16 Fiber quality measurement Pressure plate Cotton Sample Glass support Light bulbs or flash light Reflectance Rd % Yellowness + b Image analysis

17 Fiber quality measurement

18 Fiber quality measurement Trashmeter image Grey level Binarisation and threshold applied

19 Fiber quality measurement Trashmeter image 8 pixels considered as trash particle Trash count, Trash area, Leaf, Leaf grade

20 Plan of presentation Plan de présentation Fiber development and measurement Length measurement Colour and trash Maturity, fineness and micronaire Strength A point about calibration Développement et mesure de la fibre Mesure de longueur Couleur et trash Maturité, finesse et micronaire Ténacité Un point sur l étalonnage

21 Fiber quality measurement Recorded results: IM : micronaire [2, 7] MR : Maturity Ratio [0, 1.2] PM% : Percent Mature fibers [0, 100] H : Linear Fineness (mtex) [120, 350] Hs : Standard Fineness (mtex) [120, 400] Hs = H (tex = grams/1000 m) MR

22 Micronaire, maturity and fineness Fine Large Mature Immature => Some combinaisons of MR and H correspond to close IM for very different fibres

23 Micronaire, maturity and fineness IM = 4.1 MR = 1.04 H = 150 Hs = 144 MR = 0.67 H = 220 Hs = 328

24 Weft IM = 2.4 Warp, IM = 6.0 IM = 3.5 IM = 4.7 Fiber quality measurement

25 Relation between IM, MR and Hs MR Fine Hs= Coarse (Variety dependent) MR² =(3.86 x IM² x IM + 13) / Hs PM = (MR - 0.2) x ( x MR) x IM

26 Relation between IM, MR and Hs MR Premium range Hs= Acceptable maturity range IM

27 Relation between IM, MR and Hs MR Hs= Growing conditions problems induce lower MR and lower IM IM

28 Characterization of fibers Caractérisation de la fibre Main characteristics of fibres can be measured manually, or on classical or automatised instruments (HVI). Only automatised instruments Allow instrumental measurement, automatised, fast and integrated of commercial criterias and allow a bale to bale classification on all criterias together Les principales caractéristiques de fibre peuvent être établies soit manuellement, soit sur appareils classiques ou soit sur chaînes CMI. Seules les chaînes CMI : permettent des mesures instrumentales, automatisées, rapides et intégrées des critères commerciaux, et autorisent un classement balle à balle sur l ensemble de ces critères

29 Plan of presentation Plan de présentation Fiber development and measurement Length measurement Colour and trash Maturity, fineness and micronaire Strength A point about calibration Développement et mesure de la fibre Mesure de longueur Couleur et trash Maturité, finesse et micronaire Ténacité Un point sur l étalonnage

30 Hardware design Construction mécanique Light sensor Comb + fibers Fixed clamp (front) Mobile clamp (back) Calibrated with reference masses Force sensor Light emission Step motor

31 Hardware design Construction mécanique Force sensor Optical sensor

32 Hardware design Construction mécanique Force sensor Traction jaws

33 Fibrogram curve Construction du fibrogramme Light sensor, measure of variation % of fibers Fibrogram Quantity of fibers for tensile test Displacement Light emission Displacement Fiber length

34 Fibrogram and strenth Fibrogramme et ténacité 100 % of fibers 80 Fibrogram Strength (g/tex) = Force x K Estimated weigth Clamping zone 1/8 inch Force 0 jaws Fiber length

35 Fibrogram and strenth after break Fibrogramme et ténacité après casse 100 % of fibers Clamping zone Strength (g/tex) = Force x K Estimated weight f(nb de fibres et IM) jaws 0 Fiber length

36 Force / elongation curve Courbe Force / Allongement Module Peak Force Force (cn) Strength = (cn/tex) Tenacity = (cn/tex) Force x k = Constraint Estimated mass = Force/Broken surface +/-= Force/fineness = f (quantity of fibers, IM) Elongation Displacement (Step)

37 Fibrograms before/after break Fibrogrammes avant/après casse % fibers Length Fibrogram after break Fibrogram before break

38 Position of the break Position de la casse a b<a

39 Tenacity or strength Ténacité HVI Single fibers F S F F S Tenacity F / S should be constant

40 Rheology Constraint Elasticity of reorganization Elasticity Slippage Plasticity Deformation

41 Plan of presentation Plan de présentation Fiber development and measurement Length measurement Colour and trash Maturity, fineness and micronaire Strength A point about calibration Développement et mesure de la fibre Mesure de longueur Couleur et trash Maturité, finesse et micronaire Ténacité Un point sur l étalonnage

42 Existing reference cottons after 1998 Cotons de référence existants après 1998

43 Existing reference cottons after 1998 Cotons de référence après 1998

44 Modules calibration: Micronaire Etalonnage du module Micronaire Observed values Calibration = change slope and offset between observed vs theorical values Theo. Obs Theorical values

45 Sources of variability in the results Variety Growing conditions (fertilizer, insects) Plant to plant Picking technique Farm size Seed cotton preparation Ginning technique (R/S) Lint cleaning Number of samples / bale Number of bales / lot Method of sampling Precision Accuracy Repeatability Reproducibility RH conditions, HVI calibration Nb tests / sample

46 Expected precision Précisions attendues Confidence interval IM (+/-) 0.1 unit Length (+/-) 0.02 inch (+/-) 0.51 mm Length uniformity (+/-) 1.5 % Strength (+/-) 1.5 cn/tex Rd % (+/-) 1 % +b (+/-) 0.5 Trash (+/-) 0.1 % From Sasser, 1992.

47 Confidence Intervals* Intervalles de confiance 2.5 Units UHML UI Strength UHML UI Strength Upland Saw ginned samples Barbadense cottons Nb measures / sample *research samples in specific sampling conditions, échantillons de recherche pris dans des conditions spéciales

48 Other possible bias in HVI measurement Autre biais possible sur mesure CMI Mass of this deposit = g

49 Thank you for your attention