Tendencias en la formación en Computación o Informática

Transcription

1 Tendencias en la formación en Computación o Informática Ludvik D. Medic Director EPICS-FIA Octubre 18, 2013

2 Temas Breve historia de la Ingeniería Breve historia de la Computación Qué es Informática Computing Curricula Tendencia global y local Perspectiva USMP

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5 Disciplinas de Ingeniería comúnmente aceptadas From Honour, E., Characteristics of Engineering Disciplines," 13th Int l Conference on Systems Engineering, 1999.

6 Modern Engineering in France In 1676 the French Minister of War created the CORPS OF ENGINEERS in the French army. Personnel were recruited from the lower French nobility and the upper middle class In 1716 Louis XV created the Corps des Ponts et Chausées A Network of Roads was created to speed deployment of Troops Bruce Mayer, PE ChabotCollege.edu

7 First Schools Founded in France 1747 École des Ponts et Chausseses 1749 École du corps royal du genie École des mines École polytechnique (School for Theoretical and Mathematical Engineering) By 1800 engineering was an established profession in France Bruce Mayer, PE ChabotCollege.edu

8 Modern Engineering in England By senior practitioners Cambridge - Mechanical Science 1790 Smeton: first Civil Engineer Between 1750 to 1850, the Industrial Revolution dominated the evolution of engineering. Influenced by Savery, Newcomen, Watt and Trevithick and their steam engines; By Whitworth and the development of screw-cutting and other machine tools, machinery for the mass production of goods; And by Stephenson, Brunel and others system of transportation - the railways

9 First Professional Society ICE was founded in 1818 by a small group of idealistic young men. We were granted a royal charter in 1828 where we declared that our aim was to "foster and promote the art and science of civil engineering". That is still our aim today. Now the number of members has grown, and ICE represents nearly 80,000 members worldwide.

10 Institution of Civil Engineers founded in Britain, the FIRST Professional Society for Engineers Franklin Institute of Philadelphia was formed to educate crafts persons in the scientific principles of their work The American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE) was formed. Bruce Mayer, PE ChabotCollege.edu

11 The American Institute of Mining Engineers was formed when mining engineers split from the ASCE American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) was formed American Institute of Electrical Engineers was formed. Bruce Mayer, PE ChabotCollege.edu

12 The American Society of Agricultural Engineers (ASAE) Founded Chem Engrs left the American Chemical Society to form the American Institute of Chemical Engineers (AIChE) The Society for the Promotion of Engineering Education (SPEE) Later became the Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology (ABET). Bruce Mayer, PE ChabotCollege.edu

13 National Society of Professional Engineers (NSPE) was formed Focused on economic issues affecting engineers Responsible for passing legislation to require licensing of engineers.» Taken from The Engineer in America: A Historical Anthology from Technology and Culture edited by Terry S. Reynolds Bruce Mayer, PE ChabotCollege.edu

14 Una definición clásica de Ingeniería Engineering is the profession in which a knowledge of the mathematical and natural science gained by study, experience, and practice is applied with judgement to develop ways to utilize, economically, the material and forces. From the Engineers Council for Professional Development (ECPD) the precursor (1930) to the Accrediting Board for Engineering and Technology (ABET)

15 The history of engineering can be roughly divided into four overlapping phases, each marked by a revolution: Pre-scientific revolution: The prehistory of modern engineering features ancient master builders and Renaissance engineers such as Leonardo da Vinci. Industrial revolution: From the eighteenth through early nineteenth century, civil and mechanical engineers changed from practical artists to scientific professionals. Second industrial revolution: In the century before World War II, chemical, electrical, and other science-based engineering branches developed electricity, telecommunications, cars, airplanes, and mass production. Information revolution: As engineering science matured after the war, microelectronics, computers, and telecommunications jointly produced information technology. B

16 The Software Engineering Profession SWENET Module, April 2004 Developed with support from the National Science Foundation A Profession profession (1) an occupation requiring special education (especially in the liberal arts or sciences) (2) the body of people in a learned occupation professional: (1) an authority qualified to teach apprentices (2) a person engaged in one of the learned professions source: [Shaw 1990]

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18 Profesores, administradores, estudiantes, y padres necesitan de este reporte porque la computación es una amplia disciplina que cruza los límites entre las matemáticas, la ciencia, la ingeniería y los negocios B Computing Curricula 2005, página 3.

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25 The Software Engineering Profession SWENET Module, April 2004 Developed with support from the National Science Foundation Evolution of an Engineering Profession [Shaw 1990]

26 Example: Civil Engineering SWENET [Shaw 1990] SE Profession - 26

27 Evolution of Software Engineering SWENET [Shaw 1990] SE Profession - 27

28 Most Important Topics [Lethbridge 2000] SWENET SE Profession - 28

29 Least Important Topics [Lethbridge 2000] SWENET SE Profession - 29

30 influences Accreditation raises minimum manages Initial Professional Education Role of Body of Knowledge influences prepares for Professional Society prepares for Skills Development prepares for Professional Development prepares for Body of Knowledge develops improves influences improves raises minimum Code of Ethics improves Professional Practice (Source: adapted from Ford & Gibbs) raises minimum influences Certification influences influences Licensing

31 Le saviez vous? L'origine du mot " Ordinateur " Cette dans l'uszine IBM de Corbeil-Essonnes qu'est né, en 1955, le mot " Ordinateur Une lettre au professeur Perret Sollicité par la direction de l'usine de Corbeil-Essonnes, François Girard, responsable du service " Promotion Générale Publicité ", a décidé de consulter Jacques Perret, l'un de ses anciens maîtres, professeur de philologie latine à la Sorbonne.

32 Le 16 juin 1955 Cher Monsieur, Voici la réponse de Jacques Perret. Que diriez-vous d' "ordinateur"? C'est un mot correctement formé, qui se trouve même dans le Littré comme adjectif désignant Dieu qui met de l'ordre dans le monde. Un mot de ce genre a l'avantage de donner aisément un verbe "ordiner", un nom d'action "ordination". L'inconvénient est que "ordination" désigne une cérémonie religieuse ; mais les deux champs de signification (religion et comptabilité) sont si éloignés et la cérémonie d'ordination connue, je crois, de si peu de personnes que l'inconvénient est peut-être mineur.

33 D'ailleurs votre machine serait "ordinateur" (et non ordination) et ce mot est tout à fait sorti de l'usage théologique. "Systémateur" serait un néologisme, mais qui ne me paraît pas offensant ; il permet "systématisé" ; - mais système ne me semble guère utilisable - "Combinateur" a l'inconvénient du sens péjoratif de "combine" ; "combiner" est usuel donc peu capable de devenir technique ; "combination" ne me paraît guère viable à cause de la proximité de "combinaison". Mais les Allemands ont bien leurs "combinats" (sorte de trusts, je crois), si bien que le mot aurait peut-être des possibilités autres que celles qu'évoque "combine".

34 "Congesteur", "digesteur" évoquent trop "congestion" et "digestion" "Synthétiseur" ne me paraît pas un mot assez neuf pour designer un objet spécifique, déterminé comme votre machine. En relisant les brochures que vous m'avez données, je vois que plusieurs de vos appareils sont désignés par des noms d'agent féminins (trieuse, tabulatrice). "Ordinatrice" serait parfaitement possible et aurait même l'avantage de séparer plus encore votre machine du vocabulaire de la théologie. Il y a possibilité aussi d'ajouter à un nom d'agent un complément : "ordinatrice d'éléments complexes" ou un élément de composition, par exemple : "sélecto-systémateur". - "Sélecto-ordinateur" a l'inconvénient de deux "o" en hiatus, comme "électro-ordinatrice". Il me semble que je pencherais pour "ordinatrice électronique". Je souhaite que ces suggestions stimulent, orientent vos propres facultés d'invention. N'hésitez pas à me donner un coup de téléphone si vous avez une idée qui vous paraisse requérir l'avis d'un philologue. Vôtre Jacques Perret

35 De dónde proviene Informática? Término inventado por Phillipe Dreyfus en Francia en 1962 y aceptado por la Academia Francesa en En España fue aceptado en INFORMATIQUÉ se deriva de: - INFORmation y automatiqué

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39 SOURCE: National Science Foundation/Division of Science Resources Statistics, SESTAT (Scientists and Engineers Statistical Data System), 1999, as presented by Caroline Wardle at Snowbird 2002 Employment Patterns by Discipline Fraction of professionals with degrees in that discipline: Fraction of disciplinary graduates employed in that profession:

40 266 pages 274 pages The March of Progress 911 pages 1536 pages Eric Roberts, 2007

41 Principios para Enfocar las Profesiones de Computación e Informática 1. Respeto Conozcamos y apreciemos a quienes nos han precedido, su labor pionera y el contexto en que se realizó. 2. Innovación Valorando nuestros antecedentes, veámos los cambios y evolución que experimentan nuestras jóvenes profesiones

42 Principios para Enfocar las Profesiones de Computación e Informática 3. Institucionalización Basémonos más en las opiniones publicadas de Instituciones Internacionales y Nacionales. 4. Globalización y localización A partir de una perspectiva más general, identifiquemos las adecuaciones particulares para nuestro contexto actual.

43 Principios para Enfocar las Profesiones de Computación e Informática 5. Transparencia y referencia Publiquemos nuestras decisiones y en donde sea pertinente, declaremos nuestras referencias, tanto documentos institucionales como si son opiniones individuales.

44 Temas Breve historia de la Ingeniería Breve historia de la Computación Qué es Informática Computing Curricula Tendencia global y local Perspectiva USMP

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47 Gracias por su atención! Preguntas?

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49 The Integrated Software and Systems Engineering Curriculum Project: Creating a Reference Curriculum for Graduate Software Engineering Education Kristen Baldwin and Art Pyster October 23, 2007 Office of the Under Secretary of Defense Acquisition, Technology and Logistics Systems and Software Engineering Stevens Institute of Technology School of Engineering Applied Systems Thinking Institute

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