GENERAL FISHERIES COMMISSION FOR THE MEDITERRANEAN COMMISSION GÉNÉRALE DES PÊCHES POUR LA MÉDITERRANÉE

FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Report No. 1042 FAO, Rapport sur les pêches et l aquaculture n o 1042 FIPI/R1042 (Bi) ISSN 2070-6987 GENERAL FISHERIES COMMISSION FOR THE MEDITERRANEAN COMMISSION GÉNÉRALE DES PÊCHES POUR LA MÉDITERRANÉE Report of the fifteenth session of the SCIENTIFIC ADVISORY COMMITTEE Rome, 8 11 April 2013 Rapport de la quinzième session du COMITÉ SCIENTIFIQUE CONSULTATIF Rome, 8-11 avril 2013

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FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Report No. 1042 FAO, Rapport sur les pêches et l aquaculture n o 1042 FIPI/R1042 (Bi) GENERAL FISHERIES COMMISSION FOR THE MEDITERRANEAN COMMISSION GÉNÉRALE DES PÊCHES POUR LA MÉDITERRANÉE Report of the fifteenth session of the SCIENTIFIC ADVISORY COMMITTEE Rome, 8 11 April 2013 Rapport de la quinzième session du Comité scientifique consultatif Rome, 8-11 avril 2013 FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS ORGANISATION DES NATIONS UNIES POUR L ALIMENTATION ET L AGRICULTURE Rome, 2014

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iii PREPARATION OF THIS DOCUMENT This is the final report approved by the participants in the fifteenth session of the Scientific Advisory Committee of the General Fisheries Commission for the Mediterranean held at FAO headquarters, Rome, Italy, from 8 to 11 April 2013. PRÉPARATION DE CE DOCUMENT Le présent document est le rapport final adopté par les participants de la quinzième session du Comité scientifique consultatif de la Commission générale des pêches pour la Méditerranée tenue au siège de la FAO, Rome, Italie, du 8 au 11 avril 2013.

iv FAO General Fisheries Commission for the Mediterranean/Commission générale des pêches pour la Méditerranée. 2014. Report of the fifteenth session of the Scientific Advisory Committee. Rome, 8 11 April 2013/Rapport de la quinzième session du Comité scientifique consultatif. Rome, 8-11 avril 2013. FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Report/FAO Rapport sur les pêches et l aquaculture. No. 1042. Rome. 228 pp. ABSTRACT The Scientific Advisory Committee (SAC) of the General Fisheries Commission for the Mediterranean (GFCM) held its fifteenth session in Rome, from 8 to 11 April 2013. The session was attended by delegates from 20 Members of the GFCM as well as 12 observers and representatives of the FAO including regional projects. The Committee reviewed the issues addressed at the eight technical meetings, including the four sessions of its subcommittees, and at the workshops held during the 2012 2013 intersession. It examined actions carried out within the first phase of the GFCM Framework Programme (FWP). The main issues addressed included: i) scientific advice on the status of stocks, ii) a draft proposal for a regional management plan of red coral (RMP-RC), iii) the conservation status of species of special interest; iv) data collection schemes, including data compliance, and ongoing activities to prepare a GFCM data collection reference framework and v) research programmes among GFCM Members. The Committee also discussed technical issues in connection with the use of area-based measures, IUU fishing, VMS data and management related to bycatch and discards of commercial and non-commercial species. Furthermore, it endorsed the organization of a Regional Symposium on Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries in the Mediterranean and Black Sea by the end of 2013. Priority actions in the Black Sea were examined and the Committee welcomed the creation of a Mediterranean and Black Sea database of experts and institutions as well as of a Black Sea subregional group on stock assessment. The Committee endorsed a revised standard format for national reports and a proposal for a biennial report on the status of fisheries in the GFCM area. The Committee was informed about progress achieved within the process of amendment of the GFCM legal and institutional framework and welcomed the adoption of a subregional approach, in particular with respect to multiannual management plans. To facilitate this approach, the Committee expressed its support to the creation of subregional working groups and welcomed the proposal to establish a support mechanism to the decision-making process. Finally, it agreed upon its work plan for 2012 2013, endorsed the nomination of coordinators for its subcommittees and decided to submit the issue of the election of its Bureau to the next GFCM session. RÉSUMÉ Le Comité scientifique consultatif (CSC) de la Commission générale des pêches pour la Méditerranée (CGPM) a tenu sa quinzième session à Rome, du 8 au 11 avril 2013. Ont participé à cette session les délégués de 20 Membres de la CGPM, ainsi que 12 observateurs et des représentants de la FAO y compris ses projets régionaux. Le Comité a passé en revue les questions abordées lors de huit réunions techniques, y compris les sessions des quatre sous-comités, et au cours d ateliers tenus pendant la période intersessions 2012-2013. Il a en outre examiné les actions menées durant la première phase du programme-cadre de la CGPM (FWP). Les principaux aspects abordés concernaient notamment: i) les avis scientifiques sur l état des stocks; ii) une proposition de plan de gestion régional du corail rouge (RMP-RC); iii) l état de conservation d espèces présentant un intérêt particulier; iv) les systèmes de collecte de données, notamment les aspects relatifs à la conformité, et les activités préparatoires au cadre de référence de la CGPM pour la collecte de données et v) les programmes de recherche au sein des membres de la CGPM. Le Comité s est en outre penché sur des questions techniques relatives à l utilisation de mesures spatiales, la pêche INDNR, les données de SSN et la gestion des captures accessoires et rejets d espèces commerciales et non commerciales. Par ailleurs, il a approuvé l organisation d un symposium régional sur la pêche artisanale durable en Méditerranée et en mer Noire d ici fin 2013. Le Comité a examiné plusieurs actions prioritaires en mer Noire et s est félicité de la création d une base de données d experts et d institutions en Méditerranée et en mer Noire ainsi que d un groupe sous-régional sur les évaluations de stocks en mer Noire. Il a approuvé le modèle révisé pour les rapports nationaux ainsi que celui de rapport biennal sur l état des pêches dans la zone de la CGPM. Le Comité a été renseigné sur les avancées du processus d amendement du cadre juridique et institutionnel de la CGPM et s est félicité de l adoption d une approche sous-régionale, notamment pour ce qui est de la mise en place de plans de gestion pluriannuels. Afin de faciliter sa mise en œuvre, le Comité a manifesté son soutien à la création de groupes de travail sousrégionaux et a salué la proposition d établir un mécanisme d appui au processus décisionnel. Enfin, il a convenu de son programme de travail pour 2012-2013, approuvé la nomination des coordonnateurs de ses sous-comités et décidé de soumettre la question de l élection de son Bureau à la prochaine session de la CGPM.

v TABLE OF CONTENTS OPENING AND ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE SESSION... 1 ADOPTION OF THE AGENDA... 1 INTERSESSIONAL ACTIVITIES... 1 FORMULATION OF ADVICE IN THE FIELD OF FISHERY MANAGEMENT AND RESEARCH... 5 REVIEW OF THE RELEVANT TASK FORCE ACTIVITIES CONCERNING THE SAC... 10 REVIEW OF THE SAC PRELIMINARY WORK PLAN FOR 2013 2014... 14 ELECTION OF THE SAC BUREAU AND ENDORSEMENT OF SUBCOMMITTEES COORDINATORS NOMINATIONS... 16 ANY OTHER MATTER... 16 DATE AND VENUE OF THE NEXT SESSION... 16 ADOPTION OF THE REPORT... 16

vi TABLE DES MATIÈRES OUVERTURE ET ORGANISATION DE LA SESSION... 17 ADOPTION DE L ORDRE DU JOUR... 17 ACTIVITÉS INTERSESSIONS... 18 FORMULATION DE CONSEILS DANS LE DOMAINE DE LA GESTION ET DE LA RECHERCHE HALIEUTIQUES... 21 EXAMEN DES ACTIVITÉS DU GROUPE DE TRAVAIL POUR LA MODERNISATION DU CADRE JURIDIQUE ET INSTITUTIONNEL DE LA CGPM INTÉRESSANT LE CSC... 28 EXAMEN DU PLAN DE TRAVAIL PRÉLIMINAIRE DU CSC POUR 2013 2014... 31 ÉLECTION DU BUREAU ET CONFIRMATION DE LA NOMINATION DES COORDONNATEURS DES SOUS-COMITÉS... 34 QUESTIONS DIVERSES... 34 DATE ET LIEU DE LA PROCHAINE SESSION... 34 ADOPTION DU RAPPORT... 34

vii APPENDIXES/ANNEXES A: Agenda... 35 A: Ordre du jour... 36 B: List of participants / Liste des participants... 37 C: List of documents... 46 C: Liste des documents... 48 D: New standard format for national reports / Nouveau modèle pour les rapports nationaux... 50 E: Stock assessements as reveiwed by SAC / Évaluations des stocks examinées par le CSC... 52 F (a): Summary tables of national reports / Tableaux récapitulatifs des rapports nationaux... 75 F (b): Countries National Reports / Rapports nationaux des pays... 112

1 OPENING AND ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE SESSION 1. The fifteenth session of the Scientific Advisory Committee (SAC) of the General Fisheries Commission for the Mediterranean (GFCM) was held at FAO headquarters, Rome, Italy, from 8 to 11 April 2013. The session was attended by delegates from 20 Contracting Parties, 12 observers, representatives of the FAO regional projects and the GFCM Secretariat. The list of participants is attached as Appendix B. 2. Mr Árni Mathiesen, Assistant Director-General of the FAO Fisheries Department, opened the meeting and greeted participants on behalf of the FAO Director General, Mr José Graziano Da Silva. After expressing his satisfaction for the good level of attendance to the session, he informed the Committee about the ongoing reform of bodies established under Article XIV of the FAO Constitution. He expressed his hope that this reform would enable GFCM to promote the sustainable management of fisheries in its competence area. Mr Mathiesen also noted that there were several issues tackled both by the FAO Fisheries Department (FI) and GFCM which could be jointly developed, mentioning especially selected activities within the GFCM Framework Programme (FWP) such as data collection and the first Regional Symposium on Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries in the Mediterranean and Black Sea (Malta, November 2013). In the latter respect, he confirmed the willingness of his department to collaborate with the GFCM on the implementation of the FAO International guidelines on securing sustainable small-scale fisheries. 3. Mr Abdellah Srour, GFCM Executive Secretary, addressed the participants on behalf of GFCM and its Chairperson, Mr Stefano Cataudella, and underlined the critical role that SAC played in providing the Commission with scientific advice. Referring to the ongoing amendment process of the GFCM Agreement and its associated rules, he recalled the recommendations made by the Task Force for the modernization of the GFCM legal and institutional framework (GFCM Task Force) to the thirty-sixth session of the Commission (Morocco, May 2012) proposing the adoption by SAC of a subregional approach to fisheries management in order to tackle issues such as strengthening data collection systems and implementing multiannual management plans. The Executive Secretary informed about progress in the implementation of the FWP and acknowledged the financial contribution made by some GFCM Members and the support provided by FAO regional projects. 4. The GFCM Chairperson, after mentioning the complexity inherent to the management of fisheries in the GFCM area, encouraged GFCM Members to guarantee the independence of scientific research, which is instrumental to such management. ADOPTION OF THE AGENDA 5. After introducing participants and observers, Mr Henri Farrugio, SAC Chairperson, gave the floor to the Executive Secretary who informed the meeting about organizational arrangements. 6. The delegate of Palestine expressed gratitude for participating in the session and for the efforts promoted by GFCM to develop the fisheries sector in the Mediterranean Sea. 7. The agenda, as adopted by SAC, is attached as Appendix A and the list of documents as Appendix C. INTERSESSIONAL ACTIVITIES Review of the recommendations made at the thirty-sixth session of GFCM concerning the management of fisheries 8. The GFCM Executive Secretary outlined the provisions in the recommendations adopted at the thirty-sixth session of the Commission, namely: i) Recommendation GFCM/36/2012/1 on the

2 exploitation of red coral; ii) Recommendation GFCM/36/2012/2 on mitigation of incidental catches of cetaceans and iii) Recommendation GFCM/36/2012/3 on fisheries management measures for sharks and rays. He also recalled the Guidelines on multiannual management plans and pending decisions (i.e. on turbot and conservation of cetaceans in the Black Sea and on the management of fishing capacity) due to be reexamined at the thirty-seventh session of the Commission (Croatia, May 2013). Overview of SAC achievements during the intersession 9. On the basis of document GFCM:SAC15/2013/2, the SAC Chairperson presented the activities undertaken during the intersession. He informed delegates that eight meetings had been convened, including those of the four subcommittees. He also mentioned that several workshops had taken place, some of them within the FWP. The Chairperson acknowledged that the work done by SAC during the intersession benefited from cooperation with several party organizations, thanks to the memoranda of understanding (MoU) in force. 10. Concerning the four subcommittees, the Chairperson first updated SAC on the Subcommittee on Marine Environment and Ecosystems (SCMEE), which addressed specific issues within the framework of two technical workshops (elasmobranchs age reading and selectivity assessment) and reviewed temporary operational objectives for a draft regional management plan for red coral (RMP- RC). 11. In relation to the work carried out by the Subcommittee on Statistics and Information (SCSI), the Chairperson highlighted improvements made to facilitate information and data flows between GFCM Members and the GFCM Secretariat and to enhance data compliance. He underlined the efforts deployed for the establishment of the first GFCM data collection reference framework (DCRF) and of the new GFCM Extranet based on SharePoint. 12. The Chairperson then informed SAC that the Subcommittee on Economic and Social Sciences (SCESS) focused on the review of selected case studies by the FAO regional projects on the socioeconomic analysis of fisheries and on the organization of the first Regional Symposium on Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries in the Mediterranean and the Black Sea. 13. Lastly, with regards to the Subcommittee on Stock Assessment (SCSA), the Chairperson reported that SCSA had carried out 29 assessments on demersal stocks, 8 of which on stocks straddling in more than one geographical subarea (GSA). He expressed concern for the status of these stocks because all of them were found to be subject to overfishing. As for small pelagic stocks, he recalled the outcomes of the 12 stock assessments performed and expressed similar concerns for those stocks in overfishing status. Specific action in the Black Sea 14. Mr Simion Nicolaev, coordinator of the Working Group on the Black Sea (WGBS), presented the main activities carried out by GFCM in the Black Sea. He underscored that national focal points from all six riparian states were involved in these activities, including in connection with the Working Groups on Small Pelagic and Demersal Stock Assessment (Croatia, November 2012) and the Workshop on IUU fishing in the Black Sea (Turkey, February 2013). 15. The coordinator welcomed the creation of the Mediterranean and Black Sea database of experts and institutions established by the GFCM Secretariat. In his view, this database could constitute an opportunity to build momentum within GFCM on the expertise of several ongoing fisheries projects in the Black Sea (i.e. ComFish, EU/CREAM, CoCoNet, etc.) and to consolidate cooperation with the Advisory Group of the Black Sea Commission. 16. The Committee noted that the work done by GFCM in relation to the Black Sea had become fully incorporated in the activities of the Commission.

3 Research activities by Member Countries 17. Ms Pilar Hernández, from the GFCM Secretariat, presented a synthesis of the information contained in 20 national reports received by the GFCM Secretariat (Appendix F(b)). She put forth the following: (i) the overview of changes in fleet size and production among GFCM Members; (ii) the increasing number of national stock assessments performed by GFCM Members, which regrettably were not always brought to the GFCM working groups on stock assessments; (iii) the remarkable progress made in carrying out socio-economic studies as well as sample-based catch effort and biological surveys, including with the support of FAO regional projects; (iv) the lack of information on bycatch of sharks, rays and cetaceans and on research activities on red coral that should have been submitted according to relevant GFCM recommendations. 18. The Committee expressed appreciation to the GFCM Secretariat for the very detailed presentation of national reports. It advocated that the results of analyses and research activities outlined in the reports could be beneficial to the subcommittees when identifying work plan priorities to be submitted to SAC. Moreover, the Committee was invited to provide comments regarding the general practice of transmitting national reports, including on the standard format. 19. It was clarified that national reports were meant to provide scientific information produced during the intersession by GFCM Members research groups and to make it available to GFCM. It was recalled that the template had been agreed at the twenty-fifth session of the Commission and included a specific section whereby Members should submit information on the effects of GFCM decisions, when implemented. 20. After an extensive discussion on the structure of the national reports, and taking into consideration comments made by several delegations, the Committee decided to adopt a revised version of their standard format, as reproduced in Appendix D. It was specified that the amended format would not have a page limit to be abode by. 21. The Committee further endorsed a proposal by the subcommittees concerning the elaboration of a biennial report on the status of fisheries in the GFCM competence area and invited the Secretariat to prepare and submit a draft scheme of this report for consideration and possible adoption by the Commission. Major activities and initiatives of the FAO regional projects 22. Mr Enrico Arneri, FAO AdriaMed and MedSudMed coordinator, presented the activities carried out by both projects which had been recently reviewed by an FAO independent evaluation that had formulated recommendations on their future role. 23. In relation to AdriaMed, the ongoing cooperation with SAC on stock assessments and research programmes on demersal and small pelagic fisheries resources were pointed out. These programmes had been supported by AdriaMed through various initiatives related to the FWP, and actions on coordinated fisheries management in the Adriatic Sea were reported. 24. Concerning MedSudMed, the outcomes of meetings on demersal fisheries held at subregional level were summed up. Joint stock assessments and research programmes had been supported providing technical background to contribute to progress towards a common view on issues related to demersal fisheries management and a scientific basis to help in the harmonization of management measures. For small pelagic fisheries resources, MedSudMed promoted discussion and sharing of national fisheries data. 25. Mr Juan Camiñas, CopeMed II coordinator, then explained how national capacity in the field of statistics had been strengthened. He observed that CopeMed II had continued to provide support to national experts in many respects, as capacity-building and regional cooperation remained priority

4 issues. Specific attention was devoted to fisheries research activities to support management, including in relation to small pelagic and demersal shared or presumed shared stocks. The coordinator underlined that the work on these stocks was consistent with the priorities identified by GFCM and that the results had been presented to the GFCM Stock Assessment Working Groups (Croatia, November 2012). 26. Ms Constantina Riga, EastMed coordinator, illustrated progress made by this regional project referring in particular to: i) a feasibility study for new small-scale fishing vessel design and vessel materials; ii) experimental trials for fishing techniques; iii) the strengthening of information systems; iv) the development of selected fisheries; v) training of inspectors; vi) data collection analysis and vii) scientific research. Close cooperation with GFCM was envisaged through the establishment of a regional database of national legal frameworks and under various activities in the FWP. The coordinator also referred to common activities among FAO regional projects ensuring cooperation for a better use of financial and human resources and underlined the need to guarantee institutional coordination with GFCM. 27. The EastMed coordinator briefed SAC on the MedLME project on Strategic partnership for the Mediterranean large marine ecosystem implemented by FAO. 28. The Committee acknowledged the extensive work carried out by the FAO regional projects and the valuable scientific contributions they provided. The delegates of Croatia, Egypt, Lebanon, Libya, Morocco and Tunisia reiterated that their continuation was important in light of the excellent work done so far. 29. The delegate of Romania motioned that, considering the positive outcomes of the projects for the Mediterranean Sea, a similar initiative should be foreseen to support the WGBS. He indicated that his country was willing to discuss this matter with the GFCM Executive Secretary. 30. The French delegate underlined the relevance of regional programmes to further progress in advice to support fisheries management at the subregional level. In this connection, considering the importance attached by the GFCM Task Force last year to a subregional approach to fisheries, ongoing efforts to establish management plans for small pelagics in the Adriatic Sea deserved the attention of the Commission and could inspire new FAO regional projects. In order to reach a level playing field in fisheries management, it was suggested to consider strengthening financial support, including through extrabudgetary contributions. 31. The delegate of the European Union (EU) while noting the impact of the current economic crisis pointed to the importance of maintaining the FAO regional projects as long as possible. He stated that, although EU contributions to the projects had increased, they would remain on a yearly basis and subject to a result-based justification. He hence encouraged the FAO regional projects to move towards a more innovative work approach. 32. The Executive Secretary explained that, given the importance of the FAO regional projects, it would be appropriate to take advantage of the ongoing reform of GFCM to guarantee their stability and sustainability, thus avoiding that a lack of funding would compromise their work. While recalling that the FWP had never been meant to replace the FAO regional projects but rather to underpin them, the Committee agreed to give mandate to the GFCM Secretariat to work closely with the regional projects, including through a specific meeting with FAO aimed at considering the strengthening of their institutional nature. 33. Mr Issam Krouma, invited EastMed expert from Syria, thanked the FAO, GFCM and the EastMed project for the kind invitation and expressed his high appreciation to the SAC intersessional activities. He highlighted Syria s technical capability of pacing with future SAC activities and expressed hopes for its future participation.

5 FORMULATION OF ADVICE IN THE FIELD OF FISHERY MANAGEMENT AND RESEARCH Conclusions and recommendations of the Subcommittee on Economic and Social Sciences (SCESS) 34. Mr Nicola Ferri, from the GFCM Secretariat, presented the conclusions and recommendations of SCESS on the basis of documents GFCM:SAC15/2013/2 and GFCM:SAC15/2013/Inf.8. He noted that, compared to previous years, SCESS enjoyed a high level of participation and many presentations had been delivered. He explained that discussions focused on case studies on socio-economic aspects, small-scale/artisanal fisheries, recreational fisheries and socio-economic variables. He recalled that SCESS had recommended the creation of three ad hoc working groups (on small scale/artisanal fisheries, on recreational fisheries and on a common methodology for socio-economic analysis for improving fisheries management advice). 35. The Committee acknowledged the significant progress made by SCESS during the intersession highlighting the interest drawn by the topics it addressed. Nonetheless, it was recommended that SCESS should limit itself to a maximum of two or three topics in the future. 36. The delegate of Tunisia proposed that SCESS should focus on technical studies on socioeconomic sciences to support fisheries management and technical aspects related to the marketing of fishery products, whereas the delegate of Egypt welcomed the proposal to establish a working group to review socio-economic variables within Task 1.3. 37. With regard to artisanal fisheries, caution was expressed on the concept of co-management which could be less developed in a number of subregions. The Executive Secretary specified that comanagement was one component of the FWP and that future work on this issue should be carried out consistently with this programme. Moreover, he clarified that the term artisanal fisheries was intended as small-scale fisheries and referred delegates to document GFCM:SAC15/2013/Inf.21 on the first Regional Symposium on Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries in the Mediterranean and Black Sea. 38. Given the conspicuous amount of recommendations proposed by SCESS, incorporating socioeconomic data in bio-economic models to support subregional management plans and implementing the FAO International Guidelines on Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries in collaboration with the FAO Fisheries Department were regarded as priority issues. On socio-economic data, it was noted that the problem would be their submission and that SCESS should hence suggest means to facilitate such task. 39. In light of the discussions held, it was agreed to draw up a list of priorities to be validated by SAC and submitted to the Commission for adoption at its thirty-seventh session. For the sake of facilitating the review of the work plan, this proposal would elaborate suggestions made by all subcommittees and group them under four types of activities: i) under the regular programme; ii) under the FWP; iii) under the purview of FAO regional projects and iv) to be undertaken at national level through academia and institutions. Conclusions and recommendations of the Subcommittee on Marine Environment and Ecosystems (SCMEE) 40. Mr Federico Álvarez, coordinator of SCMEE, presented the conclusions and recommendations of the subcommittee on the basis of documents GFCM:SAC15/2013/2 and GFCM:SAC15/2013/Inf.6. He described in particular those focusing on: i) continuing research work towards the conservation of elasmobranchs; ii) establishing a strategy to facilitate exchange of information on selectivity and fishing technologies issues; iii) analysing mitigation options to reduce bycatch of sea turtles and seabirds; iv) deepening knowledge on vulnerable ecosystems and

6 identification of protected areas; v) monitoring alien species and vi) preparation and review of the RMP-RC (document GFCM:SAC15/2013/Inf.22). 41. During the discussions, the Lebanese delegate drew attention on new hydrocarbon drills in the eastern Mediterranean and urged SAC to assess the impact of those activities with potential negative impacts on vulnerable ecosystems. The delegate from Cyprus informed that the effects of such explorations were being assessed in his country through strategic impact assessment. 42. SAC proposed that SCMEE should further its review of commercial activities related to the exploitation of puffer fish not linked to human consumption. As some invasive species were becoming commercial, not being toxic, they could be considered in stock assessment related work. 43. Regarding the RMP-RC, the delegate of the World Conservation Trust (IWMC) suggested that SAC should undertake a socio-economic analysis of the exploitation of red coral as it was indicated in part 2 of the RMP-RC. He also proposed to introduce components related to the adaptive character of the plan (for which reference was made to the Sardinia model ) as they could contain useful indications, and called for the inclusion of medium-term research plans for red coral in the relevant sections of the RMP-RC. 44. The Committee was advised to add a new section on post-landing actions which would include a traceability mechanism to monitor potential exports of raw colonies outside the GFCM area. SCMEE was called to advise on deadlines for the progressive implementation of the RMP-RC, bearing in mind that a time limit for GFCM Members to adopt national management plans based on the RMP-RC should be set. For this purpose, the Committee strongly recommended that wide consultations at national level with all concerned stakeholders be launched before the next annual session of the Commission. 45. Regarding the issue of fisheries restricted areas (FRAs), the Committee was reminded of the GFCM pending recommendation presented at the thirty-fifth session of the Commission (FAO headquarters, May 2011). In connection with the current status of the 2010 FRA proposal in the Balearic seamounts, the delegate of Spain explained that consultations had been held with different stakeholders and that a proposal to protect part of the area was being prepared and, if approved, would be issued under a ministerial decree. 46. The representative of Oceana welcomed this proposal although, in her view, Spain should make sure to encompass considerations relating to the application of the ecosystems approach and the FAO Guidelines on Deep Sea Fisheries. This would allow to protect both the upper part of the seamounts in the proposed FRA and the existing deep vulnerable marine ecosystems. Spain would endeavour to finalize the dossier ahead of next session of SCMEE so that it could be possible for participants to duly consider it. 47. The representative of the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN) informed the Committee that, in order to improve knowledge on protected areas in waters under national jurisdiction, his organization had prepared a set of maps which could be helpful in particular for the identification of such areas and for the possible establishment of FRAs. In this connection, he made reference to the ongoing cooperation with Lebanon whose national strategy would intend to consider the establishment of FRAs in waters under national jurisdiction. It was noted that IUCN was undertaking with Morocco similar work aimed at establishing two protected areas for fisheries in the Mediterranean Sea. It was recommended that Morocco present this initiative at the next session of SCMEE. 48. In light of the information on protected areas and deep sea habitats that were under compilation by several organizations, it was suggested to include a point in the agenda of the next SCMEE meeting to assess its potential contribution to the work of SAC in relation to FRAs.

7 49. Acting on a proposal by Oceana, the Committee recalled that action should be taken on the 2012 Recommendation to collect ecological and biological information on seamounts (GFCM:SAC15/2013/Inf.4). 50. The French delegate informed the Committee about the recent establishment of an exclusive economic zone (EEZ) in the Mediterranean. As a result, the Gulf of Lion would be encompassed in this area and this would allow for more effective actions to implement and control the FRA of the Gulf of Lion. 51. The delegate of Libya urged the Committee to take into consideration the establishment of protected areas only after studies had been conducted and biological, social and economic data had been collected. He reported that similar studies had been undertaken in Libya but they had not been submitted to GFCM. He also stressed the need for training on the subject. 52. The Committee expressed its support to the launching of a specific action to collect relevant data and information on marine protected areas (MPAs) at the national level, including on efforts and strategies for their management. To this end, the Committee suggested to proceed by circulating a questionnaire. This work could also benefit from the close cooperation with relevant partners (Oceana, MedPAN, UNEP-MAP, etc.) that could facilitate progress in this field. 53. The representative of the Agreement on the Conservation of Cetaceans in the Black Sea, Mediterranenan Sea and Contiguous Atlantic Area (ACCOBAMS) reported about the launching of a project on interactions between endangered species and fishing activities including bycatch of cetaceans, sea turtles and seabirds as well as depredation. Consultations had been already carried out with donors, which had showed an interest in focusing on the western Mediterranean on the basis of a multi-species approach. She proposed that, in the future, a similar project be launched for the Black Sea. It was recalled that there were already projects of this kind operating in the Black Sea. 54. The delegate of Morocco expressed satisfaction for this initiative and manifested the intent of his country to be directly involved, in light of the interest drawn by issues of bycatch and depredation. Conclusions and recommendations of the Subcommittee on Stock Assessment (SCSA) 55. Mr Fabio Fiorentino, SCSA coordinator, presented the conclusions of the subcommittee on the basis of documents GFCM:SAC15/2013/2 and GFCM:SAC15/2013/Inf.9. He noted that for demersal species, 22 stocks out of the 29 assessed were in overfishing status, one was uncertain and the rest preliminary. As for small pelagics, the working group assessed 12 stocks, 5 assessments being considered as preliminary, the rest being either classified as sustainable or fully exploited (5), in overfishing (1) or collapsed (1). 56. The coordinator then summarized the general recommendations and scientific advice formulated by SCSA, including in view of future assessments. For demersal species: i) to identify a common set of biological parameters at sub-regional level; ii) to identify adequate limit and precautionary reference points; iii) to justify the use of vessel monitoring system (VMS) for stock assessments; iv) to carry out research on lessepsian species and v) to use common reference points for stocks of the same species with similar productivity and exploitation rates. For small pelagics, it was advised to revise the conceptual definition of limit biomass reference points, including inter alia the ecosystem role of small pelagic fish in the ecosystem. For all species the recommendations and advice were as follows: i) to review terminology and scientific contents of assessments and set up an online review group; ii) to make use of standardized criteria for the classification of advice; iii) to review and define targets, limits and precautionary reference points; iv) to give preference to biomass reference points estimated within analytical formal stock assessments in contrast to those obtained by empirical means; v) to increase the number of stocks with defined reference points and the number of reference points used; vi) to revise stock assessment forms, standardize and categorize assessments; vii) to elaborate a regular report on the status of Mediterranean and Black Sea fisheries and viii) to carry out

8 research on genetic, genomic and other methods to assist in stock unit identification, migration patterns and exchange rates between meta-populations. Regarding the identification of stock boundaries, the coordinator mentioned the UE funded project StockMed aimed at the recognition of stock units following a multi-disciplinary approach. 57. It was noted that the large percentage of stocks in overfishing called for an urgent reduction of fishing mortality. The importance of VMS in implementing a spatial management approach to fisheries was underlined. 58. As for alien species, the Committee noted the impact of both exploited and toxic ones (e.g. puffer fish) and urged for the development of adequate management plans. 59. The Committee expressed its appreciation of the excellent work carried out and acknowledged the impressive progress made by SCSA during the intersession in assessing the status of stocks and providing scientific advice. The increasing number of stocks assessed and the quality of assessments were appraised. 60. The Secretariat pointed out that, on the basis of the GFCM Guidelines on subregional multiannual management plans, a reduction of fishing mortality for those stocks considered either overfished or in overfishing should be directly recommended for those fisheries. 61. The delegate of Tunisia emphasized the importance of scientific advice for a sustainable management of fisheries. He urged to convert the generic recommendation of reducing fishing mortality into concrete actions such as improving fishing gear selectivity, which could reduce overfishing. 62. On the basis of discussions held on shared stocks assumptions in stock assessments, the delegates of France and Spain, together with those of Morocco, Algeria and Tunisia, underlined the need of implementing measures for the identification of stock units. They considered, where possible, that cooperation should be strengthened in the western Mediterranean basin to implement scientific actions (genetics, morphometric studies, spawning and juvenile feeding grounds, hydrodynamics, etc.) towards objectives related to the identification of stock distribution and boundaries. The Committee proposed to organize a subregional meeting to follow up on this issue within the framework of CopeMed II and with the potential participation of other partners. 63. The delegate of Italy underscored that in view of the establishment of multiannual management plans, it would be necessary to base assessments not only on GSAs but also on the real extension of the boundaries of stocks. This would imply that a step forward be made to ensure that management would go in this direction. 64. The delegate of France expressed reservations on the use of the term collapsed to describe the situation of the stock of sardine in GSA 07. Small pelagic fish were known to largely fluctuate in most ecosystems, and he added that current fishing pressure on the stock was minimal. Moreover, although in 2010 and 2011 the biomass had been at its lowest in the historical series, a first sign of recovery had appeared in 2012 for both total biomass and spawning stock biomass. She agreed with the Working Group on Small Pelagics that this sign should be confirmed in the next years and that, until then, fishing pressure on this already weakened stock should be kept to a minimum. She believed however that the requisite of a minimal fishing pressure was already met. These issues could be overseen through a regional management plan for the resources in the area. 65. The delegate of Tunisia invited SCSA to include environmental factors in the assessment of small pelagic stocks. 66. On puffer fish (Lagocephalus sceleratus), the delegate of Egypt referred that scientists had concluded that, based on biological studies carried out in the Red Sea, the toxicity of this fish

9 increased with its maturity, especially during spawning periods, and juvenile individuals were not toxic. Also, she mentioned that higher catches of puffer fish were correlated to a decrease of catches of octopus, which they preyed on, and could be an indication of an effect of puffer fish on the ecosystem food web. A proposal to continue harvesting puffer fish and set some length-specific selectivity measures was made. 67. The EastMed Coordinator informed about initiatives related to alien species. She informed that a study was being undertaken on the socio-economic impacts of puffer fish with focus on its effects on the octopus fisheries in Cyprus. She also advised to deal with alien non-toxic species as with the rest of other commercial (indigenous) species. 68. The delegate of Turkey recalled recent technical measures adopted at the national level for the 2012 2016 period. With regard to turbot, she explained that minimum landing size would be 45 cm (total length) and that no fishing activity for turbot would be permitted from 15 April to 15 June. The minimum legal mesh size of nets used to catch turbot should be 400 mm. However, it was advocated that all common technical measures that would have to be applied in the Black Sea should be applied by all the Black Sea riparian states. 69. The Committee made the following considerations: i) in relation to strategies to achieve the reduction of fishing mortality (e.g. seasonal closures, selectivity patterns, etc.), these could be incorporated in a subregional multiannual management plan; ii) in relation to the identification of stock units throughout the GFCM area, this could be initially approached by a preliminary analysis of the abundance distribution and physical breaks (e.g. bottom, oceanography), providing a basic understanding of potential stock boundaries; iii) in relation to the definition of reference points, efforts should be made to have a clear definition of reference points in as many stocks as possible in order to provide clear advice on stock status and iv) in relation to the stock status of sardine in GSA 07, the advice should clearly indicate that the stock is under some environmental stress and that fishing effort should be minimized to allow for the stock to recover. 70. In light of the worrying situation of most demersal stocks in the GFCM area, and with a view to paving the way for the establishment of relevant multiannual management plans, the Committee pointed out that actions should be taken to: i) reduce fishing mortality for demersal species and ii) improve selectivity patterns of demersal fisheries. 71. Upon a question raised by the EU delegate, Romania and Bulgaria provided information on turbot fisheries in the Black Sea, which were under the total admissible catch scheme of the EU, also regulating specific gillnets. It was added that Romania and Bulgaria had already adopted a 400 mm mesh size and 45 cm minimum landing size regulation for this fishery. Participants were also informed that, in 2013, Romania had launched a project to improve knowledge on spiny dogfish. 72. The Secretariat informed that, for the first time, a specific working group would be organized in 2013 to assess Black Sea stocks and that it would be preceded by practical training sessions. 73. In relation to the Black Sea Assessment Working Group, the EU delegate informed that all efforts would be deployed to make the best possible information available to this group and to any other forum dealing with the assessment of those stocks. 74. The FAO regional projects confirmed their technical support to the issue of multiannual management plans and expressed their willingness to assist the GFCM Members in relevant steps of the process, starting from the joint assessment of shared stocks to studies on fishing gears, socioeconomic and bio-economic modeling, etc. 75. In relation with the functioning of working groups and subcommittees, the Committee discussed about options to ensure more efficiency and optimize means and, in this sense, it suggested holding the next meeting of the working groups back-to-back with the subcommittee meetings.

10 76. The complete list of scientific advice on the status of Mediterranean and Black Sea stocks as reviewed by SAC is provided in Appendix E. 77. The delegates of Oceana and WWF expressed concern about the dramatic results of stock assessments, since the F levels shown were truly alarming. Given the situation, they considered that it was important to accelerate the process of developing management plans to integrate all the measures mentioned during the meeting, so that they could be implemented as soon as possible. However, since such plans would not be launched immediately, both organizations called for urgent actions to develop the current recommendations of the subcommittee. Conclusions and recommendations of the Subcommittee on Statistics and Information (SCSI) 78. Mr Federico De Rossi, from the GFCM Secretariat, presented the conclusions and recommendations of SCSI on the basis of documents GFCM:SAC15/2013/2 and GFCM:SAC15/2013/Inf.6. He highlighted in particular the progress made with respect to: i) data collection, submission status and information systems; ii) fishing vessels-related data (vessel records database, information system and statistics); iii) data reporting problems (vessel records and Task 1); iv) enhancement of communications and IT tools (including the new GFCM website currently under construction); v) VMS and cooperation activities and vi) collaboration with FAO on the global record. 79. The Secretariat further reported that SCSI had suggested for EU Member States to establish transmission from the EU fleet register system to the GFCM Secretariat and to promote the continuation of bilateral discussions to address specificities related to data submission. In light of the first DCRF under definition, SCSI suggested to revise the periodicity of socio-economic data collected under Task 1.3 and to review the optional/mandatory criteria of fleet data requirements. 80. The Committee conveyed its appreciation of the work done by SCSI. The Chairperson noted the partial compliance of GFCM Members in submitting the requested data although these seemed to be available at the national level. 81. The delegate of Morocco sought clarifications on the problems faced by GFCM Members in submitting Task 1 data. In light of the revision of the DCRF, he recalled that SCESS had stressed the importance of involving experts from all subcommittees in the meetings foreseen within the FWP in order to ensure that all data were encompassed. 82. The GFCM Secretariat informed the Committee that the outcomes of the first two subregional workshops on fisheries data collection (Croatia, March 2013 and Italy, March 2013) were available as meeting documents GFCM:SAC15/2013/Inf.17 and GFCM:SAC15/2013/Inf.18. 83. The delegate from Egypt underscored the need to prompt GFCM Members to meet their obligations relating to data submission. 84. The Committee reiterated the importance of identifying national focal points for data collection issues, both in connection with the participation in meetings within the FWP and to the submission of data to the GFCM Secretariat. REVIEW OF RELEVANT TASK FORCE ACTIVITIES CONCERNING THE SAC Review of SAC issues addressed within the amendment of the GFCM legal framework 85. Mr Ferri presented the main issues relevant to SAC that were being addressed within the GFCM amendment process. He recalled the decision made at the thirty-sixth session of the Commission to launch this process, building upon recommendations formulated by the Task Force. He expounded that the GFCM Secretariat had prepared a draft amendment of the GFCM Agreement and its associated rules consistent with these recommendations. In anticipation of discussions to be held at

11 the thirty-seventh session of the Commission, parts of this draft that were most relevant for SAC were introduced, including the subregional working groups and the mechanism aimed at facilitating the Commission decision-making process, called Recommendation Review Panel by the independent experts who prepared the amended draft of the GFCM Agreement and its associated rules. 86. The SAC Chairperson noted the benefits of adopting a subregional approach for the performance of GFCM activities, with particular regard to the establishment of multiannual management plans. In some cases, such as stock assessment, the subregional approach was already applied. 87. The Executive Secretary specified that the adoption of a sub-regional approach would take place through the establishment of five subregional working groups. To make cooperation stronger, the GFCM Task Force had proposed that appointed coordinators of these groups would not work on a voluntary basis. 88. In the ensuing discussion, support was expressed to the set-up of subregional working groups. It was explained that they would replace the SAC thematic subcommittees and operate on a geographical basis using GSAs or consistent mandates of FAO regional projects. It was also specified that the meetings of the subregional working groups would be open to delegates from all GFCM Members and to observers. 89. It was also explained that issues common to all subregions would be addressed through joint thematic meetings, always bearing in mind the financial implications linked to participation in these meetings. A coordinating working group could also be created. In any case, coordination among subregional working groups would be ensured by SAC, whose functions would not be affected by the proposed structure. Reference was made to the fruitful cooperation between the WGBS and SAC. 90. Regarding the review panel to facilitate decision-making, the Committee recalled the need to ensure that scientific advice by SAC could be transposed into concrete measures. 91. Upon request by some delegations, the Secretariat illustrated the tasks and composition of the review panel which, for the sake of legitimacy and representativeness, would be composed of individuals appointed within the Commission. The separation between scientific advice formulated by SAC and the decision-making powers of the Commission would be guaranteed. Similarly, the review panel would elaborate draft recommendations on the basis of SAC scientific advice to be submitted to the Commission. 92. To ensure that the review panel could be established before the entry into force of the draft amendment of the GFCM Agreement and its associated rules, it was advocated that the Commission should adopt on a provisional basis the proposed provisions improving its functioning. This would allow to launch immediately a trial phase to test this new approach. 93. The Committee endorsed the proposals concerning issues relevant to SAC as addressed by the GFCM amendment process. Review of activities under the first phase of the GFCM Framework Programme (FWP) 94. Mr Miguel Bernal, from the GFCM Secretariat, provided an overview of the activities carried out under the FWP. He pointed out that two of the five components enshrined therein were ongoing and two other had just commenced. Activities related to governance and management 95. The GFCM Secretariat illustrated that work carried out within this component encompassed activities related to the establishment of multiannual management plans, to illegal, unreported and