IMMIGRATION RESEARCH SERIES

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1 An analysis of selected demographic and socio-economic characteristics Profiles IMMIGRATION RESEARCH SERIES UNITED KINGDOM IF0057MPB D CONTENTS Highlights 1 Introduction 2 Profile of British Immigrants in Canada 3 Canadian citizenship 4 Provincial distribution 4 Urban dwellers 4 Age distribution 5 Language 5 Religion 5 Family status 5 Fertility levels 6 Education 6 Employment characteristics 6 Occupational distribution 7 Unemployment 7 Income 7 Income from transfer payments 8 Population with low income 8 About this series This report was prepared by Statistics Canada, in partnership with Citizenship and Immigration Canada. The co-publication of this series of reports is intended to support public education and research into the population characteristics of Canada. A Government Gouvernement IV MI of Canada du Canada UNITED KINGDOM IMMIGRANTS IN CANADA Immigrants from the United Kingdom are the largest group of immigrants from any one country living in Canada. In 1991, there were 717,745 people born in the United Kingdom living in Canada, representing 17% of all immigrants. Immigration from the United Kingdom has fallen sharply in the past few decades. In 1994, just over 4,600 people born in the United Kingdom immigrated to Canada, representing only 2% of all immigrants that year. In contrast, immigrants born in the United Kingdom made up over half of all newcomers to Canada in the period immediately following World War II, while they represented about one-fourth of all those who arrived during the 1950s and 1960s. In 1991, the majority of British-born immigrants resided in Ontario (57%). Immigrants from the United Kingdom, however, comprised a larger share of the overall population in British Columbia than in any other province. British-born immigrants are generally older than the total immigrant and Canadian-born populations. In 1991, 29% of all British immigrants were aged 65 or over, compared with 18% of all immigrants and just 10% of the population born in Canada. HIGHLIGHTS C&I-I (United Kingdom) As with the total immigrant population, immigrants born in the United Kingdom are more likely than the Canadian-born to have a university degree. As well, they are considerably less likely than all immigrants and the Canadian-born to have less than a Grade 9 education. Immigrants from the United Kingdom are more likely than people in other groups to be employed; they are also more likely to have full-time, full-year jobs and to hold professional or management positions. Unemployment is relatively low among immigrants from the United Kingdom. In 1991, 6.5% of all British immigrant labour force participants were unemployed, compared with around 10% of both all immigrants and the Canadianborn in the labour force. United Kingdom immigrants enjoy considerably higher incomes than people in other groups. British-born immigrants had an average income from all sources of $28,700 in 1990, almost $3,500 more than the figure for all immigrants and $5,000 more than that for the Canadian-born population. STATISTICS STATISTIQUE CANADA CANADA JUL Q 1999 juil LIBRARY BIBLIOTHEOUE Canacra.

2 IMMIGRATION RESEARCH SERIES - UNITED KINGDOM INTRODUCTION Immigrants have historically made up a substantial proportion of the Canadian population. In 1991, for example, 16% of the population were immigrants. The immigrant population, however, is very diverse: immigrants come from a wide variety of countries and, as a result. have different histories, cultures and economic backgrounds. - COUNTRY PROFILES: TITLES IN THIS SERIES Germany Hong Kong India Italy This report describing the immigrant community from the United Kingdom is one in a series of profiles of immigrants to Canada. It describes the settlement patterns, family status. education, labour force characteristics, incomes and other aspects of British immigrants living in Canada. In most cases, indicators describing the British-born immigrant population are compared with those of the overall immigrant and Canadian-born populations. These comparisons Lebanon Netherlands People's Republic of China Philippines Poland provide a sense of how British immigrants have integrated into Canadian society. The information used in this report is from either the 1991 Census of Canada or Citizenship and Immigration Canada administrative files. The census data describe the various populations living in Canada at the time of the 1991 Census. The data from Citizenship and Immigration Canada describe the number of immigrants arriving in Canada each year. Portugal United Kingdom United States Vietnam Total Immigrant Population Canadian Population AGE STANDARDIZATION Direct comparisons between immigrant groups and the population born in Canada can be affected by differences in the age structures of these groups and age can have a substantial effect on many socioeconomic variables. As a result, for the purposes of this report, the data for several key variables have been age-standardized and these figures have been presented along with the actual data to provide some assessment of the effect of age on these particular variables. The variables that have been agestandardized are fertility levels, levels of educational attainment, employment levels, unemployment rates, average incomes and the percentage of the population with low incomes. For more information on age standardization, see End note 3. Citizenship and Immigration Canada Internet address: Government of Canada Primary Internet site address: This site is the Internet electronic access point through which Internet users around the world can obtain information about Canada, its government and its services. Direct links are also provided from this site to government departments and agencies that have Internet facilities. For additional information, please write to the following address: Public Affairs Branch Citizenship and Immigration Canada 19th Floor, 365 Laurier Ave. West Ottawa, Ontario K1A 1L1 Fax: (613) Minister Suppy and Services Canada 1996 Cat. No.: Ci62-2/ ISBN

3 IMMIGRATION RESEARCH SERIES - UNITED KINGDOM Profile of British Immigrants in Canada Immigrants from the United Kingdom comprise the largest group of immigrants from any one country living in Canada. In 1991, there were 717,745 immigrants born in the United Kingdom living in Canada, representing 17% of all immigrants. Immigrants born in the United Kingdom also made up almost 3% of the total Canadian population that year. The number of British immigrants arriving in Canada each year, however, has fallen sharply during the past several decades. Immigrants born in the United Kingdom made up over half of all immigrants to Canada in the period immediately following World War II. They also represented about one-fourth of all those who arrived during the 1950s and 1960s. Indeed, approximately 35,000 immigrants born in the United Kingdom arrived in Canada annually between 1951 and 1970 (see Chart 1). In the late 1970s, however, the number of immigrants to Canada that were born in the United Kingdom fell to approximately 15,000 per year, about 12% of all immigrants. There was a further sharp drop in immigration levels from the United Kingdom in the early 1980s, with the result that during the period , only about 6,000 immigrants arrived from the United Kingdom each year, representing less than 5% of all immigrants (see Chart 2). In 1994, just over 4,600 immigrants arrived in Canada from the Chart 1 Annual number of immigrants from the United Kingdom arriving in Canada, 1942 to s Year of arrival Source: Citizenship and Immigration Canada, Immigration Chart 2 Annual number of immigrants from the United Kingdom arriving in Canada, as a percentage of all immigrants, 1942 to Year of arrival Source: Citizenship and Immigration Canada,!migration Statistics. 3

4 IMMIGRATION RESEARCH SERIES - UNITED KINGDOM United Kingdom; that year, they made up only 2% of all immigrants. The number of immigrants from the United Kingdom in 1994, though, was still the ninth largest number from any country. As a result of this pattern, most immigrants from the United Kingdom living in Canada today have been here for relatively long periods. In fact, almost half (46%) of those living in Canada at the time of the 1991 Census arrived before 1961, while 25% came between 1961 and At the same time, 19% arrived in the 1970s and 10% came in the 1980s. Chart 3 Percentage of immigrants from the United Kingdom with Canadian citizenship, by period of immigration, Immigrants from the United Kingdom 0 All immigrants Before Al eligible immigrants Period of immigration Source: Statistics Canada, 1991 Census of Canada. Canadian citizenship Almost all immigrants from the United Kingdom are now Canadian citizens. As of 1991, 81% of all immigrants from the United Kingdom eligible to apply for citizenship had become Canadian citizens, the same figure as for the overall immigrant population. As with all immigrants, the proportion of immigrants born in the United Kingdom with Canadian citizenship is highest among those who have been in the country the longest. For example, 87% of those living in Canada in 1991 who had immigrated prior to 1971 were Canadian citizens, compared with 71% of those who came between 1971 and 1980 and 56% of those who arrived in the period (see Chart 3). 4 Provincial distribution The majority of British immigrants living in Canada reside in Ontario. Indeed, 57% of all immigrants from the United Kingdom living in Canada in 1991 resided in Ontario. At the same time, 22% lived in British Columbia, 9% in Alberta, 4% in Quebec, 3% in Manitoba, and 2% in Saskatchewan; the remaining 3% lived in the Atlantic Provinces combined. Immigrants from the United Kingdom comprise a larger share of the overall population in British Columbia than in other provinces. In 1991, immigrants born in the United Kingdom made up 5% of all residents in British Columbia, while they represented 4% of those in Ontario, 3% in Alberta, 2% in Manitoba, and 1% or less in each of the other provinces. Urban dwellers The British immigrant population living in Canada is relatively urbanized. In 1991, 74% of all immigrants from the United Kingdom lived within a census metropolitan area (CMA); this was higher than the figure for the Canadian-born population (56%), but lower than that for all immigrants (84%). British immigrants make up a relatively large proportion of the overall population in CMAs in British Columbia and Southern Ontario. In 1991, immigrants born in the United Kingdom made up 8% of all residents of Victoria and 5% of those living in Vancouver. They also

5 IMMIGRATION RESEARCH SERIES - UNITED KINGDOM comprised 6% of the populations of Hamilton and Oshawa, 5% of those in Toronto, St. Catharines- Niagara, and London, and 4% of the population of Kitchener. At the same time, British-born immigrants represented 4% of residents in Calgary, 3% in Edmonton, Ottawa-Hull, and Windsor, and 2% in Winnipeg, Saskatoon, Regina, Thunder Bay, Halifax, and Saint John. In the remaining CMAs, immigrants from the United Kingdom make up 1% or less of the population. The largest number of immigrants from the United Kingdom, though, live in Toronto. In 1991, 25% of all British immigrants living in Canada resided in Toronto. This was lower than the figure for all immigrants, however, 34% of whom were living in Toronto that year. Age distribution Largely because so many immigrants from the United Kingdom have been in Canada for long periods, the British-born immigrant population currently living in Canada tends to be older than other groups'. In 1991, for example, 29% of all U.K. immigrants were aged 65 or over, compared with 18% of all immigrants and just 10% of the population born in Canada. At the same time, over one-third (34%) of British immigrants, versus 31% of all immigrants and 18% of Canadian-born people, were aged In contrast, only 8% of immigrants from the United Kingdom, compared with 15% of all immigrants and 39% of the Canadian-born population, were under age 25. Women make up a relatively large share of immigrant seniors from the United Kingdom. In 1991, 60% of British immigrants aged 65 and over were females, compared with 56% of all immigrant seniors and 57% of those born in Canada. Language Not surprisingly, almost all immigrants from the United Kingdom living in Canada can speak English. In 1991, 92% could conduct a conversation in English only and 8% able to speak both English and French, while very few spoke French only or could not speak either official language. Similarly, almost all British-born immigrants living in Canada speak English in their homes. In fact, in 1991, 99% reported that English was the language they most often spoke at home. Religion The majority of immigrants from the United Kingdom are affiliated with Protestant denominations. In 1991, 67% reported they were Protestant, with almost half of these affiliated with the Anglican Church. At the same time, 15% of British-born immigrants were Catholics, while 3% indicated they had another religious affiliation. A relatively large proportion of immigrants from the United Kingdom, 16% in 1991, reported they had no religious affiliation; this compared with 15% of all immigrants and 12% of the Canadian-born population. Family status The majority of immigrants from the United Kingdom live with their immediate family2. In 1991, 86% of British immigrants aged and 59% of those aged 65 and over lived with members of their immediate family, about the same percentages as for their counterparts among both the overall immigrant and Canadianborn populations. At the same time, however, immigrants from the United Kingdom are more likely than people in other groups to live alone. In 1991, 15% of British immigrants aged 15 and over lived alone, compared with 10% of all immigrant adults and 11% of those born in Canada. Immigrant seniors from the United Kingdom are also somewhat more likely than other seniors to live alone. In 1991, 32% of British immigrants aged 65 and over lived alone, compared with 25% of all immigrant seniors and 29% of Canadian-born seniors. This is a result of the fact that relatively few British immigrant seniors live with members of their extended family. In 1991, 17% of all British immigrants aged 65 and over who did not live with their immediate family lived 5

6 IMMIGRATION RESEARCH SERIES - UNITED KINGDOM with other relatives, compared with 29% of their counterparts in the overall immigrant population and 18% those who were Canadianborn. Fertility levels Immigrant women from the United Kingdom living in Canada have had about the same number of children as Canadian-born women. For example, British-born immigrant women aged who had ever been married had had an average of 1.6 children as of 1991, the same figure as for Canadian-born women, but below that for women in the overall immigrant population (1.8). As well, when differences in age are taken into consideration 3, the fertility level of these immigrant women from the United Kingdom dropped to 1.5. Education Data for immigrants from the United Kingdom suggest they are about as likely as people born in Canada, but less likely than all immigrants, to have a university degree. In 1991, 12% of Britishborn immigrants aged 15 and over had a university degree, compared with 11% of the Canadian-born and 14% of all immigrants. However, when differences in age are taken into consideration 3, the proportion of United Kingdom immigrants aged 15 and over with a degree increased to 14%, about the same as that for the overall 6 immigrant population and above that for the population born in Canada. British-born immigrants are considerably less likely than the total immigrant and Canadian-born populations to have less than a Grade 9 education. In 1991, only 7% of immigrants born in the United Kingdom had not attended high school, compared with 19% of all immigrants and 13% of the Canadian-born population. As well, when differences in age are taken into consideration 3, the proportion of British-born immigrant adults with less than Grade 9 schooling decreased even further to 3%. Young British immigrant adults are about as likely as those in other groups to currently be attending school. In 1991, 60% of immigrants from the United Kingdom aged were in school either full-time or part-time, as were 64% of all immigrants and 61% of the Canadianborn in this age group. The types of postsecondary training acquired by immigrants from the United Kingdom are similar to those of all immigrants and the Canadianborn. However, immigrant men born in the United Kingdom are more likely than their Canadian-born counterparts, but less likely than the total immigrant male population, to be graduates of professional programs in engineering, mathematics and science. There was a similar pattern among women, although as with other groups of women the largest proportion of British immigrant women with postsecondary qualifications, 32% in 1991, were graduates of commerce, business, or management programs. Employment characteristics Immigrants from the United Kingdom are more likely than other immigrants and the Canadian-born to be employed. In 1991, 84% of British-born men aged had jobs, compared with 78% of all immigrant men and 76% of Canadian-born men in that same age group. As well, when differences in age are taken into consideration 3, this pattern remains relatively unchanged. Immigrant women born in the United Kingdom are also more likely than other women to be part of the paid work force. In 1991, 69% of British-born women aged were employed, compared with 62% of all immigrant women and 63% of Canadian-born women in that age group. As well, the difference in employment levels of immigrant women from the United Kingdom and those in other groups increases slightly when differences in age are taken into consideration 3. British immigrants are more likely than the Canadian-born to be selfemployed. However, the highest proportions of self-employed men and women are found among the total immigrant population. In 1991, 14% of employed British immigrant men were self-employed, as were 16% of all immigrant men with jobs and 12% of Canadian-born male

7 IMMIGRATION RESEARCH SERIES - UNITED KINGDOM workers. Similarly, that year, 7% of employed immigrant women from the United Kingdom owned their own businesses, as did 8% of all immigrant women and 6% of Canadian-born women with jobs. Immigrants from the United Kingdom are generally more likely than persons in other groups to have full-time, full-year jobs. In 1990, 70% of employed immigrant men from the United Kingdom worked full-time, full-year, compared with 63% of all immigrant male workers and 59% of employed men born in Canada. Similarly, among women, 51% of employed women born in the United Kingdom worked at full-time, full-year jobs, compared with 50% of all immigrant women and 45% of Canadian-born women with jobs. As with other women, however, employed immigrant women from the United Kingdom are still less likely than their male counterparts to work full-time. Occupational distribution There are substantial differences in the occupational distributions of immigrants from the United Kingdom and those of all immigrants and the Canadian-born. Among employed men, for example, British-born immigrants were considerably more likely than those in other groups to hold professional or management positions. In 1991, 43% of employed male immigrants from the United Kingdom were in these Chart 4 Unemployment rates, by age, 1991 Rio 20 Immigrants from the United Kingdom All immigrants Canadian-born A A Men Women Men Women People aged Source: Statistics Canada, 1991 Census of Canada. types of jobs, compared with 32% of all immigrant men and 27% of Canadian-born men. British-born women with jobs were also considerably more likely than other women to work in professional or management occupations. As with other women, however, the majority of employed British immigrant women, 56% in 1991, had clerical, sales or service jobs. Unemployment Unemployment is relatively low among immigrants from the United Kingdom. In 1991, 6.5% of all British-born immigrant labour force participants were unemployed, compared with just over 10% for both all immigrant and Canadianborn labour force participants. When differences in age are taken into consideration 3, the unemploy ment rate for British immigrants People aged 25 and over rises to 7.3%, though this remains well below those of both all immigrants and the population born in Canada. As with the overall population, unemployment rates among British immigrant labour force participants are highest among young adult males. However, the unemployment rate among Britishborn males aged in 1991 (12.9%) was well below figures for both Canadian-born men (16.3%) and all immigrant males (17.6%) in this age range (see chart 4). Income The incomes of immigrants born in the United Kingdom are considerably higher than those of all immigrants and the Canadian-born. In 1990, British-born immigrants had an average income from all sources of $28,700, compared with $25,300 for all immigrants and $23,700 for people born in Canada. Even when 7

8 IMMIGRATION RESEARCH SERIES - UNITED KINGDOM differences in age are taken into consideration3, the average income of United Kingdom immigrants still exceeded the figures for both all immigrants and the Canadianborn population by about $4,000. As with the overall immigrant and Canadian-born populations, immigrant males born in the United Kingdom have higher average incomes than their female counterparts. In fact, the average income of British-born immigrant men in 1990 ($38,800) was almost twice that of immigrant women born in the United Kingdom ($19,600). Chart 5 Percentage with low income, by age, 1990 % Immigrants from the United Kingdom OA)! immigrants CI Canadian-born Under and Tota over population Source: Statistics Canada,1991 Census of Canada V i Age group There is also variation in the incomes of British-born immigrants in different age groups. In 1990, immigrants born in the United Kingdom aged had an average income from all sources of $32,500, compared with $20,100 for those aged 65 and over. The incomes of British immigrants in both age groups, however, were higher than those of their counterparts among all immigrants and the Canadian-born. Income from transfer payments Immigrants from the United Kingdom receive about the same proportion of their incomes from government transfer payments as do all immigrants and the Canadian-born. In 1990, 12% of all income of British immigrants came from these sources, compared with 8 12% for all immigrants and 11% for the population born in Canada. As with other groups, immigrant seniors from the United Kingdom receive a much larger share of their income from government transfer payments than younger persons. In 1990, 43% of all income of British immigrants aged 65 and over came from these programs, compared with just 4% of that of their counterparts aged The shares of the income of British immigrants coming from transfer payments, though, was less than figures for all immigrant and the Canadian-born in both age ranges. Population with low income Relatively few immigrants from the United Kingdom have low incomes. In 1990, 11% of British-born immi grants had incomes below Statistics Canada Low-income Cut-offs, compared with 15% of the Canadian-born population and 19% of all immigrants. As well, there was little change in this pattern when differences in age are taken in consideration3. Among immigrants from the United Kingdom, seniors and young adults are more likely than those aged to live in a low-income situation. In 1990, 18% of British immigrants aged 65 and over and 15% of those aged had low incomes, compared with 8% of those aged As well, for almost all age groups, the incidence of low income among British immigrants was lower than that in other groups. The exception were seniors, among whom the percentage of British immigrants with low incomes was about the same as the figure for those born in Canada (see chart 5).

9 IMMIGRATION RESEARCH SERIES - UNITED KINGDOM I The immigrant population from the United Kingdom refers to those with landed-immigrant status (whether or not they are currently Canadian citizens) born in the United Kingdom. It is important to note that children born in Canada to British immigrants are not included in the immigrant population from the United Kingdom but rather are included in the Canadian-born population. As well, the data in this report include only the non-institutionalized population in the various groups. Persons in institutions include those in hospitals and related institutions, special care facilities for the elderly or chronically ill, children's group homes and orphanages, and correctional and penal institutions. 2 Persons living with their family include spouses (either married or common-law), lone parents, and never-married children living at home. Persons not living with their family include those living alone, in an extended family with other relatives, or with unrelated persons. 3 Socio-economic indicators, such as fertility levels, educational attainment levels, employment levels, unemployment rates, average income, and the incidence of low income may be affected by the age distribution of a population. Therefore, in order to compare two or more populations, it is useful to eliminate the effects of differences in age structures. This is done using a procedure known as age standardization. For selected socio-economic data in this profile, both the British immigrant and total immigrant populations have been standardized or adjusted so that they have the same age structure as the Canadian-born population. Age-standardized figures may differ from actual figures, but they make comparisons between the British, total immigrant and Canadian-born populations more meaningful. 9

10 Table 1 Selected characteristics of immigrants from the United Kingdom', all immigrants, people born in Canada, and the total Canadian population, Selected data standardized for age are also presented. Immigrants from the United Kingdom' Total immigrant population Canadian-born population Total Canadian population 3 Total population 717,745 4,342,890 22,427,740 26,994,040 As % of total immigrant population As % of total Canadian population A aged Less than and over Period of immigration (%) Before Knowledge of official languages (%) English only French only Both Neither % living with families Aged and over % aged 65 and over not in family living with other relatives % of women aged who are lone parents Number of children ever born to ever-married women aged Standardized % with university degree Standardized % with less than grade Standardized % of population aged attending school % aged employed Men Standardized Women Standardized % self-employed Men Women % employed full-time, full-year Men Women % unemployed Standardized

11 IMMIGRATION RESEARCH SERIES - UNITED KINGDOM Immigrants from the United Kingdom' Total immigrant population Canadian-born population Total Canadian population 3 Average income(s) Both sexes 28,697 25,318 23,749 24,001 Standardized4 27,931 23,904 Men 38,772 32,089 29,837 30,205 Standardized4 36,520 29,837 Women 19,603 18,266 17,457 17,577 Standardized4 19,620 17,647 People aged ,543 27,010 24,435 24,841 Standardized4 29,191 24,753 People aged 65 and over 20,076 18,608 19,476 19,236 income from government transfer payments % with low income Standardized Source: Statistics Canada, 1991 Census of Canada. 1 Includes people born in the United Kingdom who are, or have been, landed immigrants to Canada. 2 All data are shown for the non-institutionalized populations. 3 Includes non-permanent residents. 4 Figures for the immigrant populations are age-standardized to the Canadian-born population. 11

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13 Les profits Analyse de donnees demographiques et socio-economiques particulieres RECHERCHES EN IMMIGRATION ROYAUME-UNI LES IMMIGRANTS DU ROYAUME-UNI AU CANADA FAITS SAILLANTS CONTENU Faits saillants 1 Introduction 2 Profil des immigrants du Royaume-Uni vivant au Canada 3 Citoyennete canadienne 4 Repartition selon les provinces 4 Citadins 4 Repartition selon rage 5 Langue 5 Religion 5 Situation de famille 5 Fecondite 5 Scolarite 6 Situation du point de vue de I'emploi 6 Repartition selon la profession 7 Chomage 7 Revenu 7 Revenu provenant des paiements de transfert 8 Population a faible revenu 8 Note Ce rapport a ete prepare par Statistique Canada, en collaboration avec Citoyennete et Immigration Canada. La publication conjointe de cet ensemble de rapports se veut une contribution a ('information du public et A la recherche en matiere de donnees demographiques particulieres sur le Canada Gouvernement Government du Canada of Canada De tous les immigrants vivant au Canada, ce sont les immigrants du Royaume-Uni qui forment le groupe le plus nombreux. En 1991, immigrants du Royaume-Uni, soit 17 % de l'ensemble des immigrants, vivaient au Canada. Au cours des dernieres decennies, l'immigration en provenance du Royaume-Uni a considerablement ralenti. En 1994, a peine plus de personnes noes au Royaume-Uni ont immigre au Canada, celles-ci ne representant que 2 % des immigrants arrives au pays cette annee-1a. Par contre, durant la periode qui a suivi immediatement la Seconde Guerre mondiale, ce groupe d'immigrants a represents plus de la moitie de l'ensemble des nouveaux arrivants au Canada et durant les annees 50 et 60, it a compte pour environ le quart des immigrants du Canada. En 1991, la majorite des immigrants britanniques (57 %) vivait en Ontario. Cependant, c'est en Colombie- Britannique que ces immigrants formaient le plus haut pourcentage de la population provinciale. De facon generale, les immigrants britanniques sont plus ages que l'ensemble de la population immigrante et que la population née au Canada. En 1991, 29 % des immigrants britanniques avaient 65 ans et plus, comparativement 18 % de l'ensemble des immigrants et a seulement 10 % de la population native du Canada. zonszoloi. I.3 Spp e, I VCIVNV3 3n0 1SLLVIS 31103H AUVE1811 vavnvo Comme dans l'ensemble de la population immigrante, les immigrants nes au Royaume-Uni sont proportionnellement plus nombreux que les Canadiens de naissance a detenir un diplome universitaire. Its sont en outre proportionnellement beaucoup moins nombreux que l'ensemble des immigrants et que les Canadiens de naissance a avoir termine moths de neuf annees d'etudes. Toutes proportions gardees, les immigrants britanniques sont plus nombreux que les personnes des autres groupes faire partie de la population active occupee, ainsi qu'd avoir un emploi a temps plein a l'annee et a exercer une profession liberale ou a occuper un poste de gestionnaire. Le taux de chomage est relativement faible parmi les immigrants du Royaume-Uni. En 1991, 6,5 % de tous les immigrants britanniques actifs etaient en chomage, comparativement a un taux d'environ 10 % autant pour l'ensemble des immigrants que pour les Canadiens de naissance faisant partie de la population active. Enfin, les immigrants du Royaume-Uni disposent d'un revenu nettement superieur a celui des autres groupes. Ainsi, les immigrants nes au Royaume- Uni avaient un revenu moyen de toutes sources de $ en 1990, ce qui constitue pros de $ de plus que le revenu de l'ensemble des immigrants et $ de plus que celui de la population née au Canada. C&I (United Kingdom) Canada

14 RECHERCHES EN IMMIGRATION- ROYAUME-UNI INTRODUCTION Tout au long de notre histoire, les immigrants ont represents une part importante de la population du Canada; en 1991, ils formaient 16 de notre population. La population immigrante est toutefois fortement diversifiee; les immigrants proviennent de plusieurs pays differents, avec une histoire, une culture et des antecedents economiques distincts. Le present rapport, consacre a la communaute immigrante du Royaume- Unis s'inscrit dans une serie de profils sur les immigrants au Canada. On y decrit les tendances d'etablissement, la situation de famille, la scolarite, les caracteristiques de la population active, le revenu et d'autres caracteristiques des immigrants britanniques qui vivent au Canada. Dans la plupart des cas, nous comparons les indicateurs decrivant la population immigrante britannique aux indicateurs qui s'appiiquent a ('ensemble des immigrants et a la population née au Canada. Ces comparaisons permettent d'evaluer le degre d'integration des immigrants britanniques a la societe canadienne. Les donnees citees dans le present rapport sont extraites du Recensement du Canada de 1991 ou des dossiers administratifs de Citoyennete et Immigration Canada. Les donnees du recensement decrivent les diverses populations qui vivaient au Canada au moment du Recensement de Les donnees obtenues de Citoyennete et Immigration Canada indiquent pour leur part le nombre d'immigrants qui arrivent chaque armee au Canada. - TITRES DES PROFILS DE PAYS Allemagne Hong Kong Inde Italie Liban Pays-Bas Republique populaire de Chine Philippines Pologne Portugal Royaume-Uni Etats-Unis d'amerique Vietnam Population totale d'immigrants Population du Canada NORMALISATION SELON L'AGE Les comparaisons directes entre les groupes d'immigrants et la population née au Canada peuvent etre affectees par des differences dans les structures par age propres a ces groupes. et rage peut influer de fawn marquee sur de nombreuses variables socioeconomiques. Par consequent, aux fins du present rapport, les donnees relatives a plusieurs variables cies ont ete normalisees selon ('age et presentees avec les donnees reelles, en vue de montrer les repercussions de rage sur ces variables particulieres. Les variables normalisees selon rage sont les niveaux de fecondite, les niveaux de scolarite, les niveaux d'emploi, les taux de chomage, les revenus moyens et le pourcentage de la population ayant un faible revenu. Pour plus de renseignements sur la normalisation selon rage, priere de se reporter a la note de fin de document no 3. Citoyennete et Immigration Canada Adresse sur Internet : Gouvernement du Canada Adresse pour le site primaire : Ce site primaire donne aux usagers d'internet partout dans le monde la possibilite d'avoir acces a des renseignements au sujet du Canada, de son gouvernement et ses services. Ce site permet egalement d'acceder directement aux ministeres et organismes qui sont deja sur Internet. Pour de plus amples renseignements, veuillez vous ecrire a l'adresse suivante : Direction generale des affaires publiques Citoyennete et Immigration Canada 365, avenue Laurier Ouest Ottawa (Ontario) K1A 1L1 Telecopieur : (613) Ministre des Approvisionnements Canada 1996 N au cat. : Ci62-2/ ISBN ALI Cl JF P4 C..

15 RECHERCHES EN IMMIGRATION - ROYAUME-UNI Profil des immigrants du Royaume-Uni vivant au Canada Les immigrants du Royaume-Unil forment le groupe le plus nombreux d'immigrants vivant au Canada. En 1991, immigrants britanniques de naissance vivaient au Canada un nombre qui representait alors 17 % de la population immigrante et pres de 3 % de l'ensemble de la population du Canada. Cependant, le nombre d'immigrants arrivant chaque armee au Canada, en provenance du Royaume-Uni, a diminue considerablement au cours des dernieres decennies. En effet, durant la periode qui a suivi immediatement la Seconde Guerre mondiale, ces immigrants representaient plus de la moitie de la population immigrante au Canada. Its constituaient aussi environ un quart des immigrants, durant les annees 50 et 60. En fait, de 1951 a 1970, environ immigrants nes au Royaume-Uni ont immigre chaque armee au Canada (voir le graphique 1). Vers la fin des annees 70, toutefois, leur nombre a diminue pour se situer a environ par armee, ce qui correspond a environ 12 % de l'ensemble des immigrants. Le niveau d'immigration en provenance du Royaume-Uni a connu une autre baisse marquee au debut des annees 80; de 1983 a 1990, environ immigrants britanniques seulement sont arrives au pays chaque armee, ce nombre representant moths de 5 % de l'ensemble des immigrants (voir le graphique 2). En 1994, un peu plus de Britanniques ont immigre au Canada. Ce nombre, qui ne representait cette annee-la que 2 % de la population immigrante au Canada, a neanmoins ete le neuvieme en importance parmi l'ensemble des groupes d'immigrants. Graphique 1 Nombre annuel d'immigrants du Royaume-Uni arrives au Canada, de 1942 a s I } - i,,,,,,,,, , Armee d'arrivee Source : Citoyennete et Immigration Canada, Statistiques d'immigration. Graphique 2 Nombre annuel d'immigrants du Royaume-Uni arrives au Canada, en pourcentage de l'ensemble des immigrants, de 1942 a / I I I I I I I I I I 1 I Annee d'arrivee Source : Citoyennete et Immigration Canada, Statistiaues d'immigration. 3

16 RECHERCHES EN IMMIGRATION - ROYAUME-UNI En consequence, la plupart des immigrants en provenance du Royaume-Uni qui vivent aujourd'hui au Canada sont au pays depuis une periode relativement longue. En fait, pres de la moitie (46 %) des immigrants britanniques qui vivaient au Canada au moment du Recensement de 1991 etaient arrives avant 1961 et 25 % avaient immigre entre 1961 et Par comparaison, 19 % ont immigre durant les annees 70 et 10 % sont arrives durant les annees 80. Citoyennete canadienne Presque tous les immigrants du Royaume-Uni ont aujourd'hui la citoyennete canadienne. En 1991, 81 % des immigrants britanniques admissibles a la citoyennete canadienne avaient obtenu ce statut, une proportion comparable a celle pour l'ensemble des immigrants. Par ailleurs, comme dans l'ensemble de la population immigrante, c'est chez les immigrants britanniques qui sont au pays depuis le plus longtemps que l'on observe la plus forte proportion de citoyens canadiens. Par exemple, 87 % des Britanniques vivant au Canada en 1991 et ayant immigre au Canada avant 1971 etaient citoyens canadiens, comparativement a 71 % de ceux arrives entre 1971 et 1980 et A 56 % de ceux ayant immigre entre 1981 et 1987 (voir le graphique 3). Repartition selon les provinces La majorite des immigrants britanniques qui vivent au Canada habite en Ontario. En fait, 57 % de l'ensemble Graphique 3 Pourcentage des immigrants ayant Ia citoyennete canadienne, selon Ia periode d'immigration, en ,8 87,5 70,8 78,1 0 A A 56,0 65,0 Immigrants du Royaume-Uni (2 Ensemble des immigrants 81,4 81,0 Avant a a 1987 Ensemble des immigrants Periode d'im migration admissibles Source : Statistiaue Canada. Recensement du Canada de des immigrants du Royaume-Uni qui vivaient au Canada en 1991 residaient en Ontario, le reste etant reparti comme suit : 22 % habitaient en Colombie-Britannique, 9 %, en Alberta, 4 %, au Quebec, 3 %, au Manitoba et 2 %, en Saskatchewan, les 3 % restants etant disperses dans l'ensemble des provinces de l'atlantique. C'est en Colombie-Britannique que les immigrants britanniques representent la proportion la plus importante de la population provinciale. En 1991, les Britanniques de naissance representaient 5 % de la population de la Colombie-Britannique, comparativement a 4 % en Ontario, a 3 % en Alberta, a 2 % au Manitoba et a 1 % et moins dans chacune des autres provinces. Citadins La population immigrante britannique du Canada est relativement concentree en milieu urbain. En 1991, 74 % des immigrants en provenance du Royaume- Uni vivaient dans une region metropolitaine de recensement (RMR), une proportion superieure a celle pour la population née au Canada (56 %), mais inferieure au pourcentage enregistre pour l'ensemble des immigrants (84 %). Les immigrants britanniques forment en outre une proportion relativement importante de la population globale des RMR de la Colombie-Britannique et du sud de l'ontario. Ainsi, en 1991, ils constituaient 8 % de l'ensemble des habitants de Victoria et 5 % de la population de Vancouver. Its representaient egalement 6 % de la population de Hamilton et d'oshawa, 5 % de celles de Toronto, de Saint Catharines Niagara et de London, et 4 % de la population de Kitchener. Les immigrants natifs du Royaume-Uni constituaient 4 % des habitants de Calgary, 3 % de la population d'edmonton, d'ottawa Hull et de Windsor et 2 % de celles de Winnipeg, de Saskatoon, de Regina, de Thunder Bay, de Halifax et de Saint 4

17 RECHERCHES EN IMMIGRATION - ROYAUME-UNI John. Dans les autres RMR, les immigrants en provenance du Royaume-Uni representent 1 % et moins de la population. C'est a Toronto que l'on retrouve le plus grand nombre d'immigrants du Royaume-Uni. En 1991, 25 % des immigrants britanniques vivant au Canada habitaient Toronto, une proportion toutefois inferieure a celle pour l'ensemble des immigrants, dont 34 % vivaient a Toronto en Repartition selon rage En grande partie du fait qu'un nombre si eleve d'immigrants du Royaume-Uni sont au Canada depuis longtemps, ce groupe d'immigrants vivant actuellement au Canada a tendance a etre plus age que les autres groupes'. En 1991, par exemple, 29 % des immigrants du Royaume-Uni etaient ages de 65 ans et plus, comparativement a 18 % de l'ensemble des immigrants et a seulement 10 % de la population née au Canada. Parallelement, plus du tiers (34 %) des immigrants britanniques, comparativement a 31 % de l'ensemble des immigrants et a 18 % de la population née au Canada, avaient de 45 a 64 ans. Cependant, seulement 8 % des immigrants du Royaume-Uni, contre 15 % de l'ensemble des immigrants et 39 % des Canadiens de naissance, avaient moins de 25 ans. Les femmes representent une part relativement importante des immigrants britanniques ages de 65 ans et plus. En 1991, 60 % des immigrants britanniques de ce groupe d'age etaient des femmes, comparativement a une proportion de 56 % pour l'ensemble des immigrants ages de 65 ans et plus, et de 57 % pour les personnes agees flees au Canada. Langue Fait peu surprenant, la presque totalite des immigrants du Royaume-Uni vivant au Canada parlent anglais. En 1991, 92 % d'entre eux pouvaient avoir une conversation en anglais seulement et 8 % parlaient francais et anglais, alors que tres peu d'entre eux parlaient uniquement le francais ou ne parlaient ni le francais ni l'anglais. De meme, pour presque tous les immigrants nes au Royaume-Uni et vivant au Canada, l'anglais est la langue d'usage a la maison. En fait, 99 % d'entre eux ont declare en 1991 que l'anglais etait la langue la plus souvent parlee a la maison. Religion La majorite des immigrants du Royaume-Uni est de religion protestante. En 1991, 67 % ont declare etre protestants presque la moitie d'entre eux appartenant a l'eglise anglicane. Parallelement, 15 % ont dit etre de religion catholique et 3 % ont indique une autre appartenance religieuse. Enfin, une proportion relativement elevee des immigrants britanniques, soit 16 % en 1991, a declare n'avoir aucune appartenance religieuse; par comparaison, la proportion etait de 15 % pour l'ensemble des immigrants et de 12 % pour les Canadiens de naissance. Situation de famille La majorite des immigrants du Royaume-Uni vit avec des membres de leur famille immediate 2. En 1991, 86 % des immigrants britanniques ages de 15 a 64 ans, et 59 % des 65 ans et plus, habitaient avec des membres de leur famille immediate des pourcentages similaires a ceux observes pour les memes groupes d'age dans l'ensemble de la population immigrante et la population née au Canada. Parallelement, les immigrants britanniques sont proportionnellement plus nombreux que les personnes des autres groupes a vivre seuls. En 1991, 15 % des immigrants britanniques ages de 15 ans et plus vivaient seuls, comparativement a 10 % de l'ensemble des immigrants adultes et a 11 % de la population adulte née au Canada. De meme, les immigrants du Royaume-Uni ages de 65 ans et plus sont, toutes proportions gardees, legerement plus nombreux que les autres personnes agees a vivre seuls. En 1991, 32 % des immigrants britanniques de 65 ans et plus, comparativement a 25 % de l'ensemble des immigrants de cet age et a 29 % des aines natifs du Canada, vivaient seuls. Cette situation tient au fait que relativement peu d'immigrants britanniques ages de 65 ans et plus et ne vivant pas avec des membres de leur famille immediate, habitent avec des membres de leur famille elargie Ainsi, leur proportion n'etait que de 17 % en 1991, comparativement a 29 % pour l'ensemble des immigrants ages et a 18 % pour les personnes agees flees au Canada. Fecondite Les immigrantes du Royaume-Uni qui vivent au Canada ont eu environ le meme nombre d'enfants que les Canadiennes de naissance. Par exemple, en 1991, les immigrantes nees au Royaume-Uni, agees de 15 a 44 ans et ayant déjà ete mariees, avaient eu en 5

18 RECHERCHES EN IMMIGRATION - ROYAUME-UNI moyenne 1,6 enfant, un taux identique celui des Canadiennes flees au pays mais inferieur a celui de l'ensemble des immigrantes (1,8). De plus, lorsqu'on elimine les effets dus a 1'age 3, le niveau de fecondite de ces immigrantes du Royaume-Uni diminue a 1,5. Scolarite Les donnees sur les immigrants du Royaume-Uni semblent indiquer que ceux-ci sont, toutes proportions gardees, environ aussi nombreux que les Canadiens de naissance mais moins nombreux que l'ensemble des immigrants a detenir un diplome universitaire. En 1991, 12 % des immigrants britanniques ages de 15 ans et plus avaient un diplome universitaire, comparativement a 11 % pour les Canadiens de naissance et a 14 % pour l'ensemble des immigrants. Cependant, lorsqu'on elimine les effets dus a l'age 3, la proportion de diplornes universitaires parmi les immigrants du Royaume-Uni ages de 15 ans et plus a augmente a 14 %, ce qui represente un taux comparable a celui pour l'ensemble des immigrants et superieur A celui des Canadiens de naissance. Les immigrants britanniques sont, toutes proportions gardees, beaucoup moins nombreux que l'ensemble des immigrants et que les Canadiens de naissance a avoir termine moins de neuf annees d'etudes. Ainsi, en 1991, seulement 7 % des immigrants nes au Royaume-Uni n'avaient pas fait d'etudes secondaires, alors que la proportion etait de 19 % pour l'ensemble des immigrants et de 13 % pour la population née au Canada. De plus, la proportion des immigrants britanniques adultes ayant termine moins de neuf annees d'etudes diminue encore davantage apres normalisation en fonction de l'age 3, pour n'atteindre que 3 %. 6 Les jeunes adultes parmi les immigrants britanniques sont, toutes proportions gardees, environ aussi nombreux que ceux des autres groupes a etre aux etudes. En 1991, 60 % des immigrants du Royaume-Uni ages de 15 a 24 ans etaient aux etudes a temps plein ou temps partiel comparativement 64 % pour l'ensemble des immigrants et a 61 % pour les Canadiens de naissance appartenant a ce groupe d'age. Le profit de la formation postsecondaire acquise par les immigrants du Royaume-Uni est similaire a celui pour l'ensemble des immigrants et la population née au Canada. Cependant, les hommes immigrants britanniques sont proportionnellement plus nombreux que leurs homologues nes au Canada, mais moins nombreux que l'ensemble des hommes immigrants, a avoir termine un programme de formation professionnelle en genie, en mathematiques ou en sciences. On observe une tendance similaire chez les femmes britanniques bien que, comme chez les autres groupes de femmes, c'est dans la categoric «commerce, affaires et gestion» que se retrouve la plus forte proportion des immigrantes britanniques ayant fait des etudes postsecondaires; en 1991, leur proportion etait de 32 %. Situation du point de vue de ('emploi Les immigrants du Royaume-Uni sont proportionnellement plus nombreux que les autres immigrants et que les Canadiens nes au pays a faire partie de la population active occupee. En 1991, 84 % des immigrants britanniques de sexe masculin, ages de 15 a 64 ans, avaient un emploi, comparativement 78 % de l'ensemble des hommes immi- grants et a 76 % des hommes nes au Canada faisant partie de ce meme groupe d'age. De plus, lorsque les chiffres sont normalises en fonction de l'age 3, cette tendance demeure relativement inchangee. Les immigrantes nees au Royaume-Uni sont elles aussi proportionnellement plus nombreuses que les autres femmes a faire partie de la population active remuneree. En 1991, 69 % des femmes flees au Royaume-Uni, agees de 15 a 64 ans, etaient occupees, comparativement a 62 % de l'ensemble des immigrantes de ce groupe d'age et a 63 % de leurs homologues parmi les Canadiennes nees au pays. Par ailleurs, l'ecart entre le niveau d'emploi des immigrantes du Royaume-Uni et celui des femmes des autres groupes augmente legerement lorsqu'on elimine les effets dus a l'age 3. Les immigrants du Royaume-Uni sont proportionnellement plus nombreux que les Canadiens de naissance a etre des travailleurs autonomes. C'est toutefois dans l'ensemble de la population immigrante que l'on retrouve la plus forte proportion de travailleurs autonomes, autant chez les hommes que chez les femmes. En 1991, 14 % des immigrants britanniques occupes de sexe masculin etaient des travailleurs autonomes, comparativement a 16 % de l'ensemble des hommes immigrants occupes et a 12 % des travailleurs masculins nes au Canada. De meme, cette annee-1a, 7 % des immigrantes occupees nees au Royaume-Uni avaient leur propre entreprise, comparativement a 8 % de l'ensemble des immigrantes et a 6 % des Canadiennes de naissance ayant un emploi. Enfin, les immigrants du Royaume-Uni sont en general proportionnellement plus nombreux que les personnes des autres groupes a avoir un emploi

19 RECHERCHES EN IMMIGRATION - ROYAUME-UNI temps plein, a l'annee. En 1990, 70 % des hommes immigrants occupes en provenance du Royaume-Uni avaient un emploi a temps plein a l'annee, alors que la proportion etait de 63 % pour l'ensemble des hommes immigrants et de 59 % pour les hommes nes au Canada faisant partie de la population active occupee. De meme, chez les femmes, 51 % des femmes occupees noes au Royaume-Uni travaillaient a temps plein, a l'annee, contre 50 % pour l'ensemble des immigrantes et 45 % pour les Canadiennes de naissance ayant un emploi. Cependant, comme pour les autres groupes, les immigrantes occupees en provenance du Royaume-Uni demeurent proportionnellement moths nombreuses que leurs homologues masculins a avoir un emploi a temps plein. Graphique 4 Taux de chomage, selon rage, en 1991 cy, ,9 17,6 Hommes ,0 16,0 14,3 Femmes Personnes agees de 15 a 24 ans Source : Statistique Canada, Recensement du Canada de ,9 8,8 Immigrants du Royaume-Uni 0 Ensemble des immigrants 0 Population nee au Canada 5,7 V 6,4 Hommes 10,1 Femmes Personnes de 25 ans et plus 89 Repartition selon la profession On observe des differences importantes dans la repartition selon la profession entre, d'une part, les immigrants du Royaume-Uni et, d'autre part, l'ensemble des immigrants et la population née au Canada. Parmi les hommes occupes, par exemple, les immigrants britanniques etaient proportionnellement beaucoup plus nombreux que les hommes des deux autres groupes a exercer une profession liberate ou a occuper un poste de gestion. En 1991, la proportion des immigrants britanniques occupes de sexe masculin dans ces categories d'emploi etait de 43 %, comparativement a 32 % pour l'ensemble des hommes immigrants et A 27 % pour les hommes nes au Canada. Les immigrantes britanniques occupees etaient, elles aussi, proportionnellement beaucoup plus nombreuses que les femmes des autres groupes a exercer une profession liberate ou a occuper un poste de gestion. Cependant, comme pour les autres groupes de femmes, la majorite des immigrantes britanniques occupees soit 56 % en 1991 avait un poste de commis ou un emploi dans le secteur de la vente ou des services. Chomage Le taux de chomage est relativement faible parmi les immigrants du Royaume-Uni. En 1991, 6,5 % de tous les immigrants britanniques actifs etaient en chomage, comparativement a un peu plus de 10 % autant pour l'ensemble des immigrants actifs que pour la population active née au Canada. Par ailleurs, lorsqu'on elimine les effets dus a l'age 3, le taux de chomage parmi les immigrants britanniques augmente a 7,3 % mais demeure bien inferieur a celui de l'ensemble des immigrants et celui de la population née au Canada. Comme dans la population en general, on remarque que, parmi les immigrants britanniques actifs, ce sont les jeunes adultes de sexe masculin qui sont le plus durement touches par le chomage. Cependant, le taux de chomage chez les jeunes britanniques de 15 a 24 ans (12,9 %) etait, en 1991, bien inferieur a celui enregistre pour les hommes nes au pays (16,3 %) et pour l'ensemble des hommes immigrants (17,6 %) du meme groupe d'age (voir le graphique 4). Revenu Le revenu des immigrants nes au Royaume-Uni est nettement superieur a celui de l'ensemble des immigrants et des Canadiens de naissance. En 1990, le revenu moyen de toutes sources des immigrants britanniques s'etablissait a $, comparativement a $ pour l'ensemble des immigrants et a $ pour la population née au Canada. Merne apres normalisation des chiffres selon l'age 3, le revenu moyen des immigrants du Royaume-Uni demeurait superieur d'environ $ au revenu de l'ensemble des immigrants et de la population née au Canada. 7

20 RECHERCHES EN IMMIGRATION- ROYAUME-UNI Par ailleurs, comme pour l'ensemble des immigrants et la population née au Canada, les immigrants de sexe masculin nes au Royaume-Uni ont un revenu moyen superieur a leurs homologues feminines. En fait, le revenu moyen des hommes immigrants britanniques en 1990 ( $) etait pres de deux fois superieur a celui des immigrantes 'lees au Royaume-Uni ( $). On note egalement une variation du revenu des immigrants britanniques selon le groupe d'age. En 1990, le revenu moyen de toutes sources des immigrants nes au Royaume-Uni et ages de 15 a 64 ans, etait de $, contre $ pour les 65 ans et plus. Le revenu moyen des immigrants britanniques de ces deux groupes d'age etait toutefois superieur a celui de leurs homologues parmi l'ensemble de la population immigrante et la population née au Canada. Revenu provenant des paiements de transfert La proportion du revenu des immigrants du Royaume-Uni qui provient des paiements de transfert du gouvernement se compare a celle pour l'ensemble des immigrants et A celle pour les Canadiens de naissance. En 1990, 12 % du revenu des immigrants britanniques provenait de ces sources, comparativement a 12 % pour l'ensemble des immigrants et a 11 % pour la population née au Canada. La proportion du revenu provenant des paiements de transfert du gouvernement est toutefois beaucoup plus elevee chez les immigrants britanniques de 65 ans et plus que chez Graphique 5 Pourcentage de gens a faible revenu, selon rage, en 1990 Ok Immigrants du Royaume-Uni 50 - fa Ensemble des immigrants 39.8 Population née au Canada , , Moins de 15 a a ans et Ensemble 15 ans ans ans plus de Groupe d'age la population Source : Statistique Canada, Recensement du Canada de les plus jeunes une tendance comparable a celle observee dans les autres groupes. En 1990, 43 % du revenu des immigrants britanniques ages de 65 ans et plus provenait de ces programmes, comparativement a seulement 4 % du revenu pour leurs homologues ages de 15 a 64 ans. Mentionnons toutefois que la proportion du revenu des immigrants britanniques provenant des paiements de transfert est inferieure a celle pour l'ensemble des immigrants et a celle pour la population née au Canada, dans ces deux groupes d'age. Population a faible revenu Relativement peu d'immigrants du Royaume-Uni sont des personnes faible revenu. En 1990, 11 % des immigrants britanniques avaient un revenu inferieur aux seuils de faible revenu etablis par Statistique Canada, comparativement a 15 % pour la population née au Canada et a 19 % pour l'ensemble des immigrants. Par ailleurs, on observe peu de changements dans ces chiffres apres normalisation selon l'age 3. Parmi les immigrants du Royaume-Uni, l'incidence de faible revenu est plus elevee parmi les aines et les jeunes adultes que chez leurs homologues ages de 25 a 64 ans. En 1990, 18 % des immigrants britanniques ages de 65 ans et plus et 15 % de ceux ages de 15 a 24 ans avaient un faible revenu, comparativement a 8 % des 25 a 64 ans. De plus, dans presque tous les groupes d'age, l'incidence de faible revenu parmi les immigrants du Royaume-Uni etait inferieure au taux comparatif observe dans les autres groupes. On trouve exception a la regle chez les aines, parmi lesquels la proportion d'immigrants britanniques a faible revenu etait comparable a celle des Canadiens de naissance (voir le graphique 5). 8