SOURCES ET MODES DE FINANCEMENT DES ÉTUDIANTS DE PREMIER CYCLE 2009

ÉTUDE SOURCES ET MODES DE FINANCEMENT DES ÉTUDIANTS DE PREMIER CYCLE 2009 FÉDÉRATION ÉTUDIANTE UNIVERSITAIRE DU QUÉBEC Ensemble pour l éducation

Fédération étudiante universitaire du Québec 15 Marie-Anne Ouest Montréal, Québec H2W 1B6 Tél: 514.396.3380 Télec: 514.396.7140 Courriel: feuq@feuq.qc.ca www.feuq.qc.ca

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2$'$#*+&<&'()&</+/&0W<1/'%X*;1#/%$%&(%1'(.+0%n2$%`c+X*0(.#&')#&&',1<.(&+&%)/XX$#&'(%(].&% )&,J&</'&<&'(%)*'%+U$(*=+/%%&<&'()&'1%.1+/(/\0&%.0=+/\0&%` c+x*0(*0%%/.#&')#&&',1<.(&+*.#1.1#(/1'/<.1#(*'(&)u$(0)/*'(%)&.#&</3#&2$'$#*(/1'klaymi )&%$(0)/*'(%^(&<.%.+&/'1'()&%.*#&'(%\0/'&%1'(d*<*/%*++$%^+U0'/;&#%/($`9*,1',+0%/1'\0&+U1'.&0(&'(/#&#&%(%/<.+&K+*(#*)/(/1'0'/;&#%/(*/#&\0$=$,1/%&&%(&',1#&(#3%X#*2/+&&(/+X*0(+*.#$%&#;&# &(+U*<$+/1#&#`4&,/.*%%&Y&'(#&*0(#&%Y.*#X*,/+/(&#+U*,,&%%/=/+/($*0W$(0)&%0'/;&#%/(*/#&%%10%(10(&% %&%X1#<&%D*,,&%%/=/+/($X/'*',/3#&Y2$'$#*(/1''&++&Y2$12#*.J/\0&&(/'(&#'*(/1'*+&F* "*# */++&0#%Y /+ X*0( '1(&# \0& >8YMi )&% $(0)/*'(% ^ (&<.%.+&/' )&.+0% )& >L *'% 1'( )$,+*#$ e(#&.*#&'(%` c+ %U*2/( )U0'& %/(0*(/1' )/XX/,/+& ^,1',/+/&#Y.0/%\0& O:YAi )&% $(0)/*'(% ^ (&<.%.+&/',1'%/)3#&'(\0&;/;#&,&((&%/(0*(/1'&%()/XX/,/+&.10#&0W`4&%(#1/%%/(0*(/1'%.*#(/,0+/3#&%&',*,J&'( (10(&X1/% )U*0(#&% Q.&'%1'%Y.*# &W&<.+&Y *0W $(0)&% &' #$2/1' 10 *0W $(0)/*'(% /'(&#'*(/1'*0W` 4J*\0&,J&</'&<&'( %,1+*/#& &%( 0'/\0&` c+ &%( /<.$#*(/X \0& +&%.1+/(/\0&%.0=+/\0&% \0/ ;/%&'( ^ *<$+/1#&# +U*,,&%%/=/+/($ *0W $(0)&% 0'/;&#%/(*/#&%.#&''&'( &',1<.(& +* ;*#/$($ )&%,J&</'&<&'(%.1%%/=+&%&';0&)U*%%0#&#+U$)0,*(/1'0'/;&#%/(*/#&+*.+0%*,,&%%/=+&\0&.1%%/=+&` I,1(44%)#%&'()*_*h* Que le gouvernement du Québec adapte ses programmes d appui à l accessibilité aux études universitaires en vue de préserver et améliorer l accès aux études; I,1(44%)#%&'()*[*h* Que le gouvernement du Québec adapte ses programmes d appui à l accessibilité aux études universitaires en vue de reconnaître la diversité des cheminements scolaires possibles (traditionnels et non traditionnels); I,1(44%)#%&'()*]*h* Que le gouvernement du Québec adapte ses programmes d appui à l accessibilité aux études universitaires en vue de faciliter la conciliation études-famille; c')$'/*=+&<&'(y +&% $(0)/*'(% ^ (&<.%.+&/' 1'( =&%1/' )U0' /<.1#(*'( *..0/ X/'*',/&# )& +*.*#( )0 210;&#'&<&'(` S' &XX&(Y +&% $(0)/*'(% ^ (&<.%.+&/' ;/;&'( )*'% 0'& %/(0*(/1' %1,/1$,1'1</\0& (#3%.#$,*/#&K/+&%(*/'%/.1%%/=+&)&,1'%(*(&#\0&+&X/'*',&<&'((1(*+<$)/*')&%$(0)/*'(%^(&<.%.+&/' %&%/(0&^->>88l.*#*''$&`4&,//')/\0&0'&)/%(#/=0(/1')0X/'*',&<&'(*%]<$(#/\0&^2*0,J&K&' (&#<&%.+0%,+*/#%Y+),*Q($&,*;$(;($&'()*#S"&+#'%)&.*()&*;,+*#,*.(+$1,.*#,*Q')%)1,4,)&M 9*X*,(0#&&%(%*+$&.10#+&%$(0)/*'(%K'1(1'%\0&aY6[*Z*#,.*"&+#'%)&.*V*&,4;.*;3,')*R+'*)S:%0'&,)&* ;%.*1:,W*3,+$.*;%$,)&.*1().%1$,)&*;3+.*#+*&',$.*#,*3,+$*$,-,)+*%+O*#";,).,.*#,*3(B,4,)&Y,&\0/&%(*07 )&+^)0%&0/+#&,1<<*')$.*#+*61,/$($,*'*)/&''&)UJ].1(J3\0&%&()&+12&<&'(D64G9F` c+&w/%(&*/'%/0'<*'\0&^2*2'&#/<.1#(*'(.10#)&'1<=#&0w$(0)/*'(%k/+&%(%0.$#/&0#^>:88l.10#+*<1/(/$)&%$(0)/*'(%`s'%1<<&yn8i)&%$(0)/*'(%^(&<.%.+&/')$.&'%&'(.+0%\0&,&\0/&%(.#&%,#/(.*# +& #$2/<& )U*/)& X/'*',/3#& *0W $(0)&%Y *+1#% \0& +&0# <*'\0& ^ 2*2'&# *''0&+ <$)/*' %U$+3;& ^ L -88l +1#%\0& +U1'.#&') &',1'%/)$#*(/1' +&%.#e(% )& +UBRS,1<<& 0'& %10#,& )U&')&((&<&'(` 93+.* ')R+'"&%)&*,)1($,6* X[6Y*Z* #,.* "&+#'%)&.* V* &,4;.* ;3,')* #'.,)&* %-('$* +),* #,&&,*,)-,$.*3SG>`I10(,&,/&%(+)*.'B),*R+,*3,*$"B'4,*#S%'#,*Q')%)1'U$,*,.&*#";%.."6*,)*;3+.*#S,)B,)#$,$*+)*,)#,&&,4,)&*'4;($&%)&M*B0%%/Y.10#X/'*',&#,&<*'\0&^2*2'&#Y/+X*0((#10;&#)U*0(#&%%10#,&%)& X/'*',&<&'(Q.10#+*.+0.*#()&%$(0)/*'(%Y,&+*;&0()/#&K*,,0<0+&#0'&')&((&<&'(%0..+$<&'(*/#& xiii

*0.#/;$`9U&')&((&<&'(&%(*0%%/)&%10#,&%.#/;$&%Y&',&%&'%Y>:i)&%$(0)/*'(%%U&')&((&'(%0#0'&,*#(&)&,#$)/(Y>-i%0#0'&<*#2&)&,#$)/(&(-Ai+&X1'(*0.#3%)&+&0#&'(10#*2&` B0(1(*+Yab6[*Z*#,.*"&+#'%)&.*V*&,4;.*;3,')*.S,)#,&&,)&*,&*[Y*Z*#S,)&$,*,+O*,.&'4,)&*R+SV*3%*.($&',*#,* 3,+$.*"&+#,.6*'3.*%+$()&*%11+4+3"*+),*#,&&,*#,*;$U.*#,*;3+.*#,*[\*\\\*``C#Y,&(&')&((&<&'(,0<0+$ #&(*#)&+&%.#1d&(%)&;/&K a]** Z*#,.*"&+#'%)&.*.S%&&,)#,)&* V* #,-('$* $,&%$#,$* 3S%1:%&* #S+),* ;$,4'U$,* 4%'.()`_&L-i^LLi%U*((&')&'(^#&(*#)&#+*X1')*(/1')U0'&X*</++&Y+*,#$*(/1')U0'&&'(#&.#/%&10 +*.10#%0/(&)U$(0)&%*0W,],+&%%0.$#/&0#%`9%$*%'33,+$.6*3,.*"&+#'%)&.*V*&,4;.*;3,')* $";()#,)&* #%).* +),* ;$(;($&'()* #,* ]^6[*Z* R+,* 3,.* 4(&'Q.* Q')%)1',$.*.()&* 3,.* 1%+.,.* ;$')1';%3,.* #,* 3S%0%)#()* (+* 3S')&,$$+;&'()*#,*3,+$.*"&+#,.M* S'%&,1')+/&0Y+U$(0)&.#$%&'(&Y)*'%+&)$(*/+Y+&%%10#,&%&(<1)&%)&X/'*',&<&'()&%$(0)/*'(%)&.#&</&#,],+&/'%,#/(%^(&<.%.*#(/&+`?+*+0</3#&)&%/'X1#<*(/1'%#&,0&/++/&%Y+&%$(0)/*'(%^(&<.%.*#(/&+Y (10(,1<<& +&% $(0)/*'(% ^ (&<.%.+&/'Y %1'( )&.+0%/&0#% (].&%` 9&%.#/',/.*0W X*,(&0#% ^.#&')#&&',1<.(&%1'(K+Un2&Y+*%/(0*(/1')UJ*=/(*(/1'Y+*.#$%&',&)U&'X*'(D%F^,J*#2&&(+*.#$%&',& )U*/)&X/'*',/3#&*0W$(0)&%`9*.#/',/.*+&+/2'&&%(+Un2&Y,*#.+0%)&%(#1/%\0*#(%)&%$(0)/*'(%^(&<.%.*#(/&+1'(.+0%)&>P*'%`_&,&%$(0)/*'(%Y-Li1'(.+0%)&L8*'%`4&+*<1'(#&\0&+*<*d1#/($)&,&% $(0)/*'(% %1'( )*'% )&% %/(0*(/1'% *(]./\0&%Y.*# &W&<.+&Y &' #&(10# *0W $(0)&% 10 &'.&#X&,(/1''&<&'(` 4J&g+&%$(0)/*'(%^(&<.%.*#(/&+Y+*.#1.1#(/1')U$(0)/*'(%)&.#&</3#&2$'$#*(/1'&%(#&+*(/;&<&'( /<.1#(*'(&`S'&XX&(Y.#3%)&ANi)U&'(#&&0W.#1;/&''&'()&X*</++&%)*'%+&%\0&++&%+&.3#&10+*<3#& 'U*d*<*/%X#$\0&'($+U0'/;&#%/($` 9&% $(0)/*'(% ^ (&<.%.*#(/&+ %1'( %10;&'( )&% (#*;*/++&0#% ^ (&<.%.+&/'` B0 <1/'% A8i )U&'(#& &0W (#*;*/++*/&'(.+0%)&M8J&0#&%.*#%&<*/'&.&')*'(+&0#%$(0)&%^+*%&%%/1')U*0(1<'&>88:`I10(&X1/%Y 1'*#&<*#\0$\0&+&%$(0)/*'(%.+0%d&0'&%*;*/&'(0'.#1X/+(1(*+&<&'()/XX$#&'()&,&+0/)&%$(0)/*'(% ^(&<.%.*#(/&+.+0%n2$%`4&%)&#'/&#%1,,0.&'(.+0%%10;&'(0'&<.+1/=/&'#$<0'$#$Y&(X#$\0&'(&'( +U0'/;&#%/($2$'$#*+&<&'(.10#.*#X*/#&+&0#X1#<*(/1'(*')/%\0&+&%.+0%d&0'&%$(0)/&'(.10#1=(&'/# 0'.#&</&#)/.+m<&0'/;&#%/(*/#&*;*'()&#$&++&<&'(&'(#&#%0#+&<*#,J$)0(#*;*/+`4&((&)/,J1(1</& %&#&(#10;&*0%%/)*'%+&%)$.&'%&%)&%0=%/%(*',&)&%$(0)/*'(%^(&<.%.*#(/&+K+&%$(0)/*'(%.+0%n2$%,1'%*,#&'(%10;&'(.+0%)&#&%%10#,&%^%&+12&#&(^%&'10##/#` S'%10%(#*]*'()0X/'*',&<&'((1(*+*''0&+)&,J*\0&$(0)/*'(%&%)$.&'%&%*''0&++&%)&%0=%/%(*',&Y %+* 4(').* [Y*Z* 3,.* "&+#'%)&.* V* &,4;.* ;%$&',3* ()&* +)* 4%)R+,* V* B%B),$* #,* b* \\\*`* %))+,33,4,)&` G+* &(&%36*;$U.*#,*XX*Z* #,.* "&+#'%)&.* V* &,4;.* ;%$&',3* ()&* +)* 4%)R+,* V* B%B),$6 &(,&Y %*'%,1<.(&# +&% )$.&'%&%)&(#*'%.1#(&(+&%)$.&'%&%*0(#&%`4&,/#&X+3(&+*%/(0*(/1')U&')&((&<&'()*'%+*\0&++&%& #&(#10;&'( +&% $(0)/*'(% ^ (&<.%.*#(/&+`?,&( $2*#)Y.+0% )& +* <1/(/$ )&% $(0)/*'(% ^ (&<.%.*#(/&+ DANY>iF1'(0'&%10#,&)U&')&((&<&'(D,*#(&)&,#$)/(Y<*#2&)&,#$)/(10.#e(=*',*/#&Y&(,`FY*+1#% \0& >Ai )U&'(#& &0W %U*((&')&'( ^ #&%%1#(/# *;&, 0'& )&((& *,,0<0+$& )&.#3% )& -P888l` H(&().* %+..'* R+,* 3,* ;$')1';%3* 4(&'Q* #S%0%)#()* #,.* "&+#,.* 1:,W* 3,.* "&+#'%)&.* ').1$'&.* V* &,4;.* ;%$&',3*,.&* 3,* 4(&'Q*Q')%)1',$Y&(,&Y)*'%0'&.#1.1#(/1'.+0%2#*')&\0&+&0#%,1++320&%^(&<.%.+&/'M** 9&%$(0)/*'(%.*#&'(%^(&<.%.*#(/&+1'(Y+*.+0.*#()0(&<.%Y0'X/'*',&<&'((1(*+%0.$#/&0#*0W*0(#&%,*($21#/&%)U$(0)/*'(%D.#3%)&-8888l)&.+0%F`c+%1'($2*+&<&'()&%)$.&'%&%)&(10(&%%1#(&%.+0% $+&;$&%\0&+&%*0(#&%,*($21#/&%)U$(0)/*'(%Y&'#*/%1')&+&0#,J*#2&X*</+/*+&`"+0%)&OLi)U&'(#&&0W (#10;&'(+*,1',/+/*(/1'$(0)&%7X*</++&)/XX/,/+&Y&(,&Y%*'%,1<.(&#+&(#*;*/+)*'%+&0#,*+,0+` 4&#(*/'&%,J1%&%%1'(,+*/#&%K3S%;;+'*;+03'1*%+O*"&+#'%)&.*,.&*#"Q%'33%)&6*3%*$,3U-,*#,*#,4%')*.S,)#,&&,*,&* 3,.* Q%4'33,.* ),* ;,+-,)&* ;%.* 1()&$'0+,$* #%).* 0',)* #,.* 1%.M* S' %& =*%*'( %0# +&% X*/(% &( %0# +&%,1')/(/1'% )& ;/& #$&++&% )&% $(0)/*'(% \0$=$,1/% )&.#&</&#,],+&Y 1' '&.&0( \0&,1'%(*(&# +&%,1')/(/1'% )/XX/,/+&% )*'% +&%\0&++&% +&% $(0)/*'(% %1'(.+*,$%` 4U&%(.10#\01/ +* RSTE #&,1<<*')& +* xiv

</%& &'.+*,& )& <&%0#&%.#*2<*(/\0&%.10# &',10#*2&# +U*,,3% *0W $(0)&% &( +/</(&# +U&')&((&<&'( $(0)/*'(K I,1(44%)#%&'()*X*h* Que le gouvernement du Québec reconnaisse la situation financière précaire des étudiants en adoptant une loi sur l'accessibilité aux études. Que dans cette loi, le gouvernement du Québec s'engage à faire de l'accessibilité aux études une priorité en limitant les barrières générationnelles, géographiques, internationales et financières à l'entrée et à la poursuite aux études postsecondaires et que pour arriver à cette fin, que le gouvernement du Québec : o o o se dote d'objectifs concrets, déterminés en collaboration avec les acteurs du milieu et l'ensemble de la population québécoise, afin d'améliorer l'accessibilité aux études universitaires; revienne à une politique de gel des frais de scolarité universitaires au-delà de 2012; améliore le programme d'aide financière aux études, notamment en ajustant les dépenses admises et la contribution parentale. xv

Table des matières <=>?@AB><@=&%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%&C& "#$%&'()(*(+,--&+$(./$0&1&2&3%45"(6666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666(7& C%& D9>E@A@F@G<$&AB&H@=A"G$&%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%&I& 7878& 9542*$+(5.'5.3,&&+,%:$.+(**5..$;&88888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888<& 78=8& >2&'+(5..$(0&&+4$0$?/+0&'3&*#&.@2A+&888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888<& 78B8& C5?4(*$+(5.3&'35..,&'88888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888D& 78E8& F0$(+&?&.+'+$+('+(@2&&+?,+:535*5;(&3&*$0&%:&0%:&888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888887=& -,+$%"(8(*(/$51%,'$(%'#+%$(9($".-(-2"%'(6666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666():& (%& J?@#<F&H@<@9@=@D<KB$&%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%&CL& =878& G;&88888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888887H& =8=8& I(+2$+(5.3#:$)(+$+(5.88888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888887J& =8B8& K&L&.24$0&.+$*88888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888887D& =8E8& M(L&$23&'%5*$0(+,3&'4$0&.+'8888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888=N& =8<8& FO4&3&405;0$??&88888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888=7& =8P8& Q+$+%(L(*88888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888=7& =8H8& 90,'&.%&3#&.-$.+'1%:$0;&8888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888==& =8J8& K&%520'$2405;0$??&3#R(3&-(.$.%(/0&$2S,+23&'TRUVW8888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888=B& =8D8& C5.%*2'(5.8888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888=E& M%& H@B?$H&A$&#<="=$D$=>&%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%&(I& B878& U(.$.%&?&.++5+$*888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888=<& B8=8& C5.+0()2+(5.4$0&.+$*&88888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888=<& B8B8& C5.+0()2+(5.-$?(*($*&$2+0&T4&.'(5.'$*(?&.+$(0&'&+%5.+0()2+(5.32%5.65(.+W8888888888888888888=J& B8E8& 90A+'&+)520'&'32405;0$??&3#R(3&-(.$.%(/0&$2S,+23&'8888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888=D& B8<8& X520'&'40(L,&'&+(.'+(+2+(5..&**&'88888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888BB& B8P8& F0$L$(*0,?2.,0,88888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888BP& B8H8& K,4$0+(+(5.+5+$*&3&''520%&'3&-(.$.%&?&.+$..2&*888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888E7& B8J8& C5.3(+(5.3&',+23($.+'4$0&.+'88888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888EE& B8D8& C5.%*2'(5.8888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888EE& *%& A9J$=H$H&A$&HBNH<H>"=$&%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%&*L& E878& U$%+20&,+23($.+&8888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888EH& E8=8& Y$+,0(&*'%5*$(0&888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888EJ& E8B8& "5;&?&.+888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888<N& E8E8& M5200(+20&8888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888<B& E8<8& ZA+&?&.+'88888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888<<& E8P8& F5+$*3&'3,4&.'&'3&'2)'('+$.%&8888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888<P& E8H8& C5.%*2'(5.8888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888<J& I%& N<F"=&#<="=<$?&%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%&IO& <878& Y$.@2&1;$;.&088888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888<D& <8=8& Y$.@2&1;$;.&0&.&S%*2$.+*&'40A+'3&*#RUV888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888P7& <8B8& Y$.@2&1;$;.&0?(.(?$*8888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888PB& <8E8& V.3&++&?&.+88888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888P<& <8<8& Y5+(-'3#$)$.35.[3#(.+&0024+(5.523&0$**5.;&?&.+3&',+23&'88888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888PH& <8P8& C5.%*2'(5.8888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888PJ& -,+$%"(7(*(2"(/$51%,'$(%'#+%$(9($".-(-,+$%"2(666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666(;<& P%& J?@#<F&H@<@9@=@D<KB$&%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%&LC& P878& G;&8888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888H7& xvii

P8=8& I(+2$+(5.3#:$)(+$+(5.8888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888H=& P8B8& V.-$.+T'W1%:$0;&8888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888HB& P8E8& K&L&.24$0&.+$*8888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888HB& P8<8& FO4&3&405;0$??&88888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888HE& P8P8& Q+$+%(L(*88888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888H<& P8H8& K&%520'$2405;0$??&3#R(3&-(.$.%(/0&$2S,+23&'TRUVW8888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888H<& P8J8& M(L&$23&'%5*$0(+,3&'4$0&.+'8888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888HP& P8D8& C5.%*2'(5.8888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888HP& L%& H@B?$H&A$&#<="=$D$=>&%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%&LL& H878& U(.$.%&?&.++5+$*888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888HH& H8=8& C5.+0()2+(5.4$0&.+$*&88888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888HJ& H8B8& C5.+0()2+(5.-$?(*($*&$2+0&T4&.'(5.'$*(?&.+$(0&'&+%5.+0()2+(5.32%5.65(.+W8888888888888888888JN& H8E8& 90A+'&+)520'&'3&*#$(3&-(.$.%(/0&$2S,+23&'8888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888J=& H8<8& X520'&'40(L,&'&+(.'+(+2+(5..&**&'88888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888JP& H8P8& F0$L$(*0,?2.,0,88888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888JJ& H8H8& K,4$0+(+(5.+5+$*&3&''520%&'3&-(.$.%&?&.+$..2&*888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888D7& H8J8& C5.3(+(5.'3&',+23($.+'4$0&.+'888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888DE& H8D8& C5.%*2'(5.8888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888D<& Q%& A9J$=H$H&A$&HBNH<H>"=$&%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%&OL& J878& U$%+20&,+23($.+&8888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888DH& J8=8& Y$+,0(&*'%5*$(0&888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888DJ& J8B8& "5;&?&.+888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888DD& J8E8& M5200(+20&88888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888887N=& J8<8& ZA+&?&.+'888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888887N<& J8P8& F5+$*3&'-0$('3&'2)'('+$.%&888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888887NP& J8H8& C5.%*2'(5.88888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888887ND& O%& N<F"=&#<="=<$?&%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%&CCC& D878& Y$.@2&1;$;.&0$..2&*8888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888777& D8=8& Y$.@2&1;$;.&0&.&S%*2$.+*#RUV888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888877B& D8B8& Y$.@2&1;$;.&0?(.(?$*888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888877E& D8E8& V.3&++&?&.+&.%520'3#,+23&'8888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888877P& D8<8& Y5+(-'3#(.+&0024+(5.[3#$)$.35.523&0$**5.;&?&.+3&',+23&'8888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888877H& D8P8& C5.%*2'(5.888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888877J& -,+$%"(=(*(#&'#25%&'(66666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666()8)& C)%& @=FBH<@=H&G9=9?"F$H&$>&?$@DD"=A"><@=H&%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%&C(C& "==$R$&C&S&KB$H><@=="<?$&%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%&C(O& 9$0+(&\]905-(*3&*#,+23($.+88888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888887=D& 9$0+(&\\]I520%&'3&0&L&.288888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888887BN& 9$0+(&\\\]"&'3,4&.'&'88888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888887BD& 9$0+(&\Z]"$?5)(*(+,,+23($.+&88888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888887EN& 9$0+(&Z]>2&'+(5.'3#5030&$%$3,?(@2&8888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888887EB& 9$0+(&Z]905-(*'5%(5^3,?5;0$4:(@2&8888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888887EP& xviii

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"B&J?$D<$?&WF$&[&>$DJH&JF$<=&%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%&MP& xix