Monitoring of cyanobacteria and their toxins in Paris area

Transcription

1 Monitoring of cyanobacteria and their toxins in Paris area Ministère du Développement Durable et de l Ecologie Générale des Eaux/Vivendi Water SEDIF (Syndicat des Eaux d Ile de France) Decrees: - Drinking waters : decree (transposition of the European directive 98/83/CE for drinking water) < 1 µg MC-LR after treatment management and monitoring of resources for cyanobacteria and their toxins - Recreational waters : decree DGS/SD7a (June 2003) management and monitoring of recreational waters for cyanobacteria and their toxins phytoplankton analysis identification and count microcystins: <25 µg 1

2 Surveyfor drinking water in Paris area : Oise Paris Seine Water drinking plant Water drinking reservoir, lake Objective of the monitoring program : Risk assessment of toxic cyanobacteria for human health Monitoring strategy ( Toxic cyanobacteria in water, Chorus & Bartram, 1999) : Water quality transparency, t, irradiance, ph, O 2 nutrient (N, P, SiO 2 ) and major ions (SO 4 2-, Na +, Ca 2+, Mg 2+, K + ) Development of cyanobacteria Chl.a phytoplankton analysis Toxin content (hepatotoxins) PP2A inhibition assay LC - MS Level of guidelines values used in this program : P > 1 µmol (= 30 µg ) chl.a > 10 µg microcystins: > 1 µg equi. M LR > 0.1 µg equi. M LR 2

3 Water drinking supplies : - rivers : Seine,, Oise - reservoir : Méry s/ Oise Oise Seine [P] µmol [N] µmol [chl.a] µg µg equi. M LR mean max. mean max. mean max. mean max. Seine nd nd nd Oise nd reservoir nd nd : < detection limit Eutrophic water bodies : [P] > 1 µmol, high [N] Microalgae biomass : [chl.a] > 10 µg Cyanobacteria : Microcystis, Anabaena, Planktothrix Toxin level : < 1 µg equi. M LR Vigilance Level Alert Level 1 20% of the phytopk. no public health risk One example of recreational supplies direct linked to the Seine river : Oise Base Nautique BN Seine main activities : fishing, sailing, water-skiing linked to the Seine river : drinking plants (3 and 7 kms downstream) Cyanobacteria : 10 µm Planktothrix agardhii 10 µm Limnothrix redekei Potentialy toxic : microcystins 3

4 Recreational supply : Base Nautique Characteristics : - shallow (mean = 2.8 m and max. = 5.3 m) ha - transparency mean = 0.34 ± 0.06 m Physico-chemical parameters : - eutrophic status Phytoplanktonic biomass [chl.a] µg : mean = 44 and max. = 410 Toxicity µg equi. M LR : mean = 9 and max. = 70 (jan 99 sept 03) Toxins : MCYST - demerr, - demelr, - YR, one variant: 1030 m/z Recreational supply : Base Nautique Eutrophic lake : [P] > 1 µmol Microalgae biomass : [Chl.a] > 10 µg Cyanobacteria : Planktothrix agardhii = persistent bloom Toxin level : > 25 µg equi. M LR Vigilance Level Guidance Level 1 95% of the phytopk. Guidance Level 1 and 2 for recreational water Public health risk? Survey by local authorities Public information Drinking water plant localized downstream 4

5 Simulation of BNV dumping in a water drinking plant (7 kms dowstrean) Dumping from BNV Flow rate of the river Seine Initial Concentration 8 µg/l Flow rate Time 40 m 3 /s 80 m 3 /s 24 h 0,64 µg/l 0,40 µg/l 5 m 3 /s 48 h 0,64 µg/l 0,40 µg/l 24 h 1,29 µg/l 0,81 µg/l 10 m 3 /s 48 h 1,29 µg/l 0,81 µg/l Significant impact Risk evaluation for sites localized downstream of water drinking plants Paris area and cyanobacteria (2002 and 2003): 28 sampled sites Oise, Auvers-sur-Oise Etang des 3 Sources, L Isle -Adam Lac d Enghien Parc de la Courneuve, 3 sites Parc de Sausset, 2 sites Lac de Maison-Blanche, Gagny Parc des Chanteraines, Villeneuve -la-garenne, 3 sites Etang du Parc André Malraux, Nanterre Etangs de Ville d Avray, 2 sites Etangs de Villebon, Forêt de Meudon, 2 sites Etang du Parc de la Malmaison, Rueil-Malmaison Etang des Francs Pêcheurs,Viry-Châtillon Etang du Parc de la Greffière, Morsang -sur-orge Etang du Parc du Château, Morsang-sur-Orge Etang de Ris-Orangis Lac de Courcouronnes Fosse Montalbot, Vigneux-sur-Seine Etang de Draveil Lac de Sénart Yvelines 78 Val-d Oise Essonne Seine et 77 Etang de la Barre, Champs-sur- Etang du Bois, Grâce 9 sites of Planktothrix 4 sites of Microcystis 4 sites of Cylindrospermopsis 3 sites of Anabaena / Aphanizomenon 5

6 Blooms of toxic cyanobacteria occur in Paris area and can persis t all year around Development of molecular tools for a survey of potentially toxic cyanobacteria Planktothrixexample : microcystins producer Cultures of Planktothrix Natural samples M Te - Planktothrix mcyb gene M potentially toxic Conclusions : Water body supplies in Paris area: Eutrophic status : favourable for mass developments of cyanobacteria Presence of numerous genus with a toxic potential : Planktothrix, Microcystis, Anabaena, Aphanizomenon, Cylindrospermopsis Toxicity: Rivers - no mass development of cyanobacteria : flow rate - sometimes values [Equi. M LR ] > 0.1 µg Lakes - other lakes with mass development of toxic cyanobacteria - neurotoxic / hepatotoxic ([Equi. M LR ] > 1 µg ) In France: laws for the survey of cyanobacteria and their toxins drinking and recreational water bodies development of tools for the survey 6

7 MNHN (USM505, Systématique et Ecotoxicologie des Microalgues) Dr Cécile Bernard (Head) Dr Catherine Quiblier Dr Marc Edery Pr Simone Puiseux-Dao Pr Alain Couté Muriel Gugger (Post-doc student) Céline Berger (PhD student) Sandrine Lacoste (Tech. Asssistance) Sandrine Magnin (Tech. Asssistance) Aurélie Ledreux (Tech. Assistance) Claude Yéprémian (Tech. Assistance) Collaborations: Univ. Paris VII (Laboratoire Géochimie des Eaux) Pr Gérard Sarazin ESPCI (Laboratoire Environnement et Chimie analytique ) Pr Marie-Claire Hennion Industrial Partners: SEDIF (Syndicat des Eaux d Ile de France) Générale des Eaux / Vivendi water 7