Handbook on the History of European Banks

Transcription

1 Handbook on the History of European Banks European Association For banking history e.v. Frankfurt am Main, Germany Chief Editor: MANFRED POHL Assistant Editor: SABINE FREITAG

2 European Association for Banking History e.v All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise without the prior permission of the publisher. Published by Edward Elgar Publishing Limited Gowner House Croft Road Aldershot Hants GU11 3HR Edward Elgar Publishing Company Old Post Road Brookfield Vermont USA British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data European Association for Banking History Handbook on the History of European Banks 1. Title Library of Congress Cataloguing in Publication Data Handbook on the history of European banks/european Association for Banking History p. cm. 1. Banks and banking Europe History. I. European Association For Banking History HG2974.H dc CIP ISBN Printed and bound in Great Britain by Hartnolls Limited, Bodmin, Cornwall

3 Contents Foreword Préface List of contributors xiii xv xvii PART I AUSTRIA Banking in Austria 3 Le système bancaire autrichien 11 Alice Teichova Oesterreichische Nationalbank 19 Bank für Arbeit und Wirtschaft (BAWAG) 22 Bank Austria AG 25 Creditanstalt-Bankverein 28 GiroCredit 33 Österreichische Postsparkasse (P.S.K.) 37 Raiffeisen Zentralbank Österreich AG 42 PART 2 BELGIUM The banking system in Belgium through the centuries 47 Le système bancaire en Belgique à travers les siècles 56 Helma Houtman-De Smedt Banque Nationale de Belgique 64 ASLK-CGER Bank 67 Banque Bruxelles Lambert 73 Le Crédit Communal 78 Générale de Banque/Generale Bank 83 Kredietbank 90

4 vi Contents PART 3 DENMARK Danish banking history 97 Histoire du système bancaire danois 105 Hans Christian Johansen Danmarks Nationalbank 114 Den Danske Bank 118 Sbn Bank 123 Sparekassen Bikuben A/S 125 Sparekassen Sydjylland 127 Unibank 128 PART 4 FINLAND The Finnish banking system in broad outline from the 1860s to the mid-1980s 135 Le système bancaire finandais depuis les années 1860 jusqu au Milieu des années 1980 (généralités) 148 Antti Kuusterä Bank of Finland 161 Kansallis-Osake-Pankki 171 Postipankki 175 Union Bank of Finland 179 PART 5 FRANCE The history of banks in France 185 Histoire des banques en France 195 Alain Plessis Banque de France 204 Banque de I Indochine ( ) 210 Banque Nationale de Paris ( ) 213 Banque de Neuflize, Schlumberger, Mallet 220 Banque OBC Odier Bungener Courvoisier 226 Banque Ottomane 231 Caisse des Dépôts et Consignations 235 Compagnie Financière de Paribas 246 Crédit Agricole 253 Crédit Commercial de France 260 Crédit Foncier de France 265 Crédit Industriel d Alsace et de Lorraine (CIAL) 271 Crédit Lyonnais 277

5 Contents vii Demachy 282 Société Générale 286 Société Alsacienne de Banque (SOGENAL) 290 PART 6 GERMANY A short history of the German banking system 299 Histoire bancaire de l Allemagne 313 Richard Tilly Deutsche Bundesbank 328 Allgemeine Deutsche Credit-Anstalt 337 Baden-Württembergische Bank AG 342 Bankhaus Lampe 346 Bayerische Hypotheken- und Wechsel-Bank AG 350 Bayerische Landesbank 353 Bayerische Vereinsbank 357 Berenberg Bank 362 Berliner Bank AG 366 Berliner Handels- und Frankfurter Bank (BHF-Bank) 368 Bremer Landesbank 373 Commerzbank 375 Delbrück & Co. Privatbankiers 380 Deutsche Bank 384 Deutsche Centralbodenkredit-Aktiengesellschaft 389 Deutsche Girozentrale Deutsche Kommunalbank 393 Deutsche Hypothekenbank Frankfurt AG 398 Frankfurter Hypothekenbank Frankfurt AG 403 Hamburger Sparkasse (Haspa) 408 Hamburgerische Landesbank Girozentrale 412 Georg Hauck & Sohn Bankiers 416 Hesse Newman & Co. (AG & Co.) 419 Kreditanstalt für Wiederaufbau 423 Landesbank Hessen Thüringen Girozentrale 428 Landesbank Rheinland-Pfalz Girozentrale 431 Landesbank Schleswig-Holstein Girozentrale 434 Landwirtschaftliche Rentenbank 439 B. Metzler seel. Sohn & Co. KGaA 444 Sal. Oppenheim jr. & Cie 451 Rheinische Hypothekenbank AG (RHEINHYP) 458 Schmidtbank 460 Schröder Münchmeyer Hengst & Co 462 Südwestdeutsche Genossenschafts-Zentralbank AG (SGZ-Bank) 465 Südwestdeutsche Landesbank (SüdwestLB) 469

6 viii Contents Trinkaus & Burkhardt 474 Westdeutsche Landesbank Girozentrale 477 WGZ-Bank (Westdeutsche Genossenschafts-Zentralbank eg) 482 PART 7 GREECE The structure of the Greek commercial banking system, La structure du système bancaire commercial grec, Margarita Dritsas Bank of Greece 515 Credit Bank 518 National Bank of Greece 523 PART 8 ICELAND Banks in Iceland 533 Les banques d Islande 537 Ólafur Pálmason PART 9 IRELAND Central Bank of Ireland 543 AIB Group 549 Bank of Ireland 553 PART 10 ITLAY Modern banking in Italy 561 Le système bancaire italien moderne 577 Peter Hertner Banca d Italia 593 Banca d America e d Italia (BAI) 598 Bance Commerciale Italiana 502 Banca Nazionale dell Agrioltura 607 Banca Nazionale del Lavoro 611 Banca Popolare di Novara 615 Banca Popolare di Verona 619 Banca Toscana 623 Banca di Napoli 626 Banco di Roma 631

7 Contents ix Banco S. Geminiano e S. Prospero SpA 636 Banco di Santo Spirito 640 Cassa di Rispamio delle Prvincie Lombarde (CARIPLO) 646 Credito Italiano 652 Instituto Bancario San Paolo di Torino 655 Mediobanca 663 Monte dei Paschi di Siena 665 Sicilcassa 668 PART 11 LUXEMBURG The history of banks in Luxemburg 675 Histoire des banques au Luxemburg 682 Jean-Paul Lehners La Banque et Caisse d Epargne de l Etat, Luxembourg 688 Banque Générale du Luxembourg 693 Banque Internationale à Luxembourg 698 Banque de Luxembourg 704 Caisse Centrale Raiffeisen et Caisses Rurales Raiffeisen, Luxembourg 706 Institut Monétaire Luxembourgeois 710 PART 12 THE NETHERLANDS The Netherlands financial empire 719 L empire financier des Pays-Bas 731 Johan de Vries De Nederlandsche Bank 743 ABN AMRO Bank 749 H. Albert de Bary & Co. 761 Bank Mees & Hope/MeesPierson 763 GWK/CDK-Bank 770 F. van Lanschot Bankiers 776 Rabobank 781 PART 13 NORWAY The Norwegian system of banking institutions 791 Le système bancaire norvégien 800 Even Lange Norges Lange 810 Landesbanken A/S 817

8 x Contents PART 14 PORTUGAL Portuguese banking 821 Le système bancaire portugais 827 Jaime Reis Banco de Portugal 834 Banco Borges & Irmão 838 Banco Espírito Santo e Comercial de Lisboa 847 Banco Fonsecas e Burnay 851 Banco Nacional Ultramarino, SA 854 Banco Pinto & Sottomayor 858 Banco Português do Atlantico 859 Banco Totta e Açores 860 Caixa Geral de Depósitos 861 PART 15 SPAIN Spanish banking history, 1782 to the present 865 L histoire bancaire espagnole de 1782 à nos jours 875 Gabriel Tortella Banco de España 886 Argemtaria 893 Banco de Crédito Agrícola (BCA) 895 Banco de Crédito Industrial (BCI) 897 Banco de Crédito Local (BCL) 899 Banco Exterior de España (BEX) 901 Banco Hipotecario de España (BHE) 904 Caja Postal 905 Banco Bilbao Vizeaya 907 Banco Cantral 913 Banco Hispano Americano 918 Banco Popular Español 922 Banco Sabadell 928 Banco Santaader 932 Banco Zaragozano 936 Caixa de Catalunya 939 Caixa Galicia 944 Caja de Madrid 948 Unicaja 953

9 Contents xi PART 16 SWEDEN Swedish commercial banking over 150 years ans de banque commerciale suédoise 976 Ulf Olssen Sveriges Riksbank 989 Gota Bank 997 Nordbanken (former PKbanken) 1001 Skandinaviska Enskilda Banken 1005 Svenska Handelsbanken 1010 PART 17 SWITZERLAND/LIECHTENSTEIN Banks and banking in Switzerland in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries 1015 Les banques suisses aux dix-neuvième et vingtième siècles 1023 Youssef Cassis Swiss National Bank 1032 Bank for International Settlements 1037 Bank in Liechtenstein 1046 Bank Julius Baer 1051 Bank Leu 1056 Bank Sarasin & Cie 1059 Bank Vontobel 1063 Banque Cantoanle Bernoise 1066 Banque Cantonale Vaudoise 1072 Banque Populaire Suisse 1079 BSI Banca della Svizzera Italiana 1084 Credit Suisse 1089 Darier, Hentsch & Cie 1094 Liechtensteinische Landesbank 1098 Lombard Odier & Cie 1103 Pietet & Cie 1108 Spar + Leihkasse in Bern 1113 Swiss Bank Corporation 1117 Union Bank of Switzerland 1121 Verwaltungs- und Privat-Bank AG 1124 Züricher Kantonalbank 1127 PART 18 UNITED KINGDOM The historical development of modern banking within the United Kingdom 1137

10 xii Contents Le dèveloppement historique du système bancaire dans le Royaume-Uni 1162 Philip L. Cottrell Bank of England 1190 Bank of Scotland 1193 Barclays 1196 Barings Plc 1202 Coutts & Co Guinness Mahon & Co. Ltd 1210 Hambros Plc 1214 Llpyds Hambros Plc 1218 Midland Bank plc 1222 Morgan Grenfell Group 1227 National Westminster Bank Plc 1232 Northern Bank Ltd 1238 NM Rothschild & Sons Limited 1242 Royal Bank of Scotland Plc 1247 Standard Chartered PLC 1257 TSB Group plc 1263 Union PLC 1267 S.G. Warburg & Co. Ltd 1271 Index 1275