Journées suisses d études africaines Schweizerische Tage der Afrika-Forschung Swiss Researching Africa Days Bern, 4. 5.

Transcription

1 Journées suisses d études africaines Schweizerische Tage der Afrika-Forschung Swiss Researching Africa Days Bern, November 2016 Venue: Unitobler, Lerchenweg 36, Room F 023

2 CONTENTS Programme 2 Abstracts 6 Posters 23 Participants 24 Map 28 Emergency contact 28 1

3 PROGRAMME Friday Vendredi Freitag h30 9h15 9h15-9h30 9h30 11h00 Registration and coffee Accueil et café Anmeldung und Kaffee Welcome Mot de bienvenue des organisateurs Begrüssung durch die Organisatoren DIDIER PÉCLARD, TOBIAS HALLER & VEIT ARLT Panel 1: Translating & interpreting in plurilingual settings: Communicative strategies to maneuver administration in West Africa NATALIE TARR, Centre for African Studies, University of Basel GABRIELE SLEZAK, Institut für Afrikawissenschaften, University of Vienna Legal interpreting, social pressures, and professional ethics at the Special Court for Sierra Leone REBEKKA EHRET, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Lucerne Conference interpreter training in Kenya: Lessons learnt and future perspectives CARMEN DELGADO LUCHNER, InZone, University of Geneva Interpreting the administration: Burkina Faso's courts in translation NATALIE TARR, Center for African Studies, University of Basel Multilingual interaction in court: Perceptions of linguistic resources and African languages in legal settings in Austria GABRIELE SLEZAK, Institut für Afrikawissenschaften, University of Vienna 11h00 11h30 Coffee break Pause-café Kaffeepause 11h30 13h00 Panel 2: Études africaines productions culturelles et refus des assignations identitaires CHRISTINE LE QUELLEC COTTIER, Facultés des Lettres, Université de Lausanne NELLY VALSANGIACOMO, Facultés des Lettres, Université de Lausanne Les films du Nigérian Ola Balogun pour le CICR : une «Afrique qui existe réellement»? ANAÏS CLERC-BEDOUET, Histoire des relations internationales, Université de Genève L écriture de l histoire dans le roman africain contemporain IRENA TRUJIC, Section de français, Université de Lausanne The call for de-colonization in art and art education: Discourses and practices in Kampala, Uganda FIONA SIEGENTHALER, Institute of Social Anthropology and Centre for African Studies, University of Basel L autodétermination dans les romans d In-Koli Jean Bofane droit de réponse à la violence postcoloniale ISABELLE CHARIATTE, Séminaire d Etudes françaises, Université de Bâle 13h30 14h30 Lunch Buffet déjeuner Stehlunch Poster session: Ongoing PhD projects at Swiss universities Postersession: Vorstellung von laufenden Dissertationsprojekten an Schweizer Universitäten Session posters: Présentation de projets de thèse en cours dans des universités suisses 2

4 14h30 16h00 Panel 3: Material representations and spatial patterning of practices in Africa MONIKA BAUMANOVA, Centre for African Studies, University of Basel ANNE MAYOR, Laboratory Archaeology and Population in Africa, University of Geneva Les marques territoriales de la sécurité collective chez les Bamoun (16e-19e siècles) JACQUES AYMERIC, Université de Genève Great residential buildings of pre-colonial Africa in a comparative perspective MONIKA BAUMANOVA, Centre for African Studies, University of Basel/University of Uppsala LADISLAV SMEJDA, Czech University of Life Sciences, Prague Une approche archéologique des mosquées traditionnelles du nord du Ghana: formes, origines et techniques de construction DENIS GENEQUAND, Université de Genève CHRISTIAN DE REYNIER, Office du patrimoine et de l'archéologie du canton de Neuchâtel Brazilian tobacco and mediterranean coral in the Bight of Benin: Elite consumptions, sumptuary norms, and court culture during the Atlantic era ROBERTO ZAUGG, Department of History, University of Lausanne Discussant: PAUL LANE, University of Uppsala, Sweden 16h00 16h30 Coffee break Pause-café Kaffeepause Poster session: Ongoing PhD projects at Swiss universities Postersession: Vorstellung von laufenden Dissertationsprojekten an Schweizer Universitäten Session posters: Présentation de projets de thèse en cours dans des universités suisses 16h30 18h30 Podium : Voyages, voyages! Les jeunes chercheurs.euses à l épreuve des terrains africains JUSTINE HIRSCHY, GUIVE KHAN, CLAIRE NICOLAS, URSULA MEYER Association des études africaines de l Université de Lausanne UNILEA Cette table ronde souhaite questionner la particularité des terrains africains en initiant une réflexion collective autour de deux thématiques : - la position de jeunes chercheurs.ses sur des terrains africains, en l'abordant sous l'angle de l'entrée sur le terrain et des défis quotidiens de la récolte de données (perception de l enquêteur.trice, adaptation au contexte, instrumentalisation mutuelle, etc.), - la «sensibilité» des données, en s interrogeant sur ce qui fait la nature «sensible» de certaines données et en discutant ensemble de la gestion concrète des enjeux liés à leur diffusion (notamment dans le cadre de publications, conférences, etc.). Panelistes : Herrade Boistelle (Université de Lausanne), Cécile Petitdemange (Université de Genève) Sarah Ryser (Universität Bern), Natalie Tarr (Universität Basel) 18h30 19h00 Reception Apéro Apero 19h30 Dinner Dîner Abendessen Restaurant InJera, Gesellschaftsstrasse 38, Bern 3

5 Saturday Samedi Samstag h30 10h00 Panel 4: Conditional and unconditional social protection mechanisms in health and health care SONJA MERTEN, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, University of Basel MARI DUMBAUGH, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, University of Basel L Office International d Hygiène Publique (OIHP), l Organisation d Hygiène de la Société des Nations (OHSDN) et l internationalisation des problèmes de santé des territoires dominés d Afrique centrale ( ) SIMPLICE AYANGMA BONOHO, Universités de Yaoundé et de Genève Conditional cash transfers for family planning in South Kivu, DRC MARI DUMBAUGH, Swiss TPH/ University of Basel Maternity vouchers in Kilifi county, Kenya STEPHEN OKUMU OBURE, University of Bern and Maseno University, Kenya Incentives in health care: Comparative perspectives from Central/ Eastern Africa SONJA MERTEN, Swiss TPH/ University of Basel 10h00-10h30 Coffee break Pause-café Kaffeepause Poster session: Ongoing PhD projects at Swiss universities Postersession: Vorstellung von laufenden Dissertationsprojekten an Schweizer Universitäten Session posters: Présentation de projets de thèse en cours dans des universités suisses 10h30-12h00 Panel 5: Political articulations from the everyday ANDREA KAUFMANN, UN Research Institute for Social Development, Geneva CAROLE AMMANN, Institute of Social Anthropology, University of Basel MAARET JOKELA-PANSINI, Institute of Geography, University of Bern Feminism «from below». Everyday micro-politics of agency in Africa BÉATRICE BERTHO and FRANÇOISE GRANGE, The Graduate Institute Geneva Everyday practices in Cape Town s townships across modes and media: from survival to protest NADINE CHARIATTE, Instituto de Lengua y Literaturas Hispánicas, University of Bern Combining intercultural and feminist research methods. Reflections from two research projects on women's human rights activism in Honduras and South Africa MAARET JOKELA, Institute of Geography, University of Bern 12h00 13h00 Lunch Buffet déjeuner Stehlunch Poster session: Ongoing PhD projects at Swiss universities Postersession: Vorstellung von laufenden Dissertationsprojekten an Schweizer Universitäten Session posters: Présentation de projets de thèse en cours dans des universités suisses 4

6 13h00 14h30 Panel 6: Economic liberalism and citizenship: contesting illiberal outcomes in Africa s boom economies JON SCHUBERT, Centre for Area Studies, University of Leipzig ELÍSIO MACAMO, Centre for African Studies, University of Basel TOBIAS HALLER, Institute of Social Anthropology, University of Bern Contesting illiberal outcomes in Africa s boom economies' JON SCHUBERT, Centre for Area Studies, University of Leipzig ELÍSIO MACAMO, Centre for African Studies, University of Basel Moroccan regeneration: Government land deal as a catalytic converter for neo-liberal and state driven social development SARAH RYSER, Institute of Social Anthropology, University of Bern A paradox of development legitimacy: Between neoliberal globalism and local needs in smallholder sugar cane production in Malawi TIMOTHY ADAMS, Institute of Geography, University of Bern Gendered agricultural transition leads women into precarious work arrangement CHRISTINE BIGLER, Interdisciplinary Centre of Gender Studies, University of Bern 14h30-15h00 Coffee break Pause-café Kaffeepause Poster session: Ongoing PhD projects at Swiss universities Postersession: Vorstellung von laufenden Dissertationsprojekten an Schweizer Universitäten Session posters: Présentation de projets de thèse en cours dans des universités suisses 15h00-16h30 Panel 7: Land governance, environment and rural development JULIA TISCHLER, Department of History, University of Basel GESINE KRU GER, Department of History, University of Zurich CASSANDRA MARK-THIESEN, Department of History, University of Basel TOBIAS HALLER, Institute of Social Anthropology, University of Bern Changing governance and use of land in Dinka communities in Northern Bahr el-ghazal State, South Sudan MARTINA SANTSCHI, swisspeace and Institute of Social Anthropology, University of Bern An unbalanced deal: Large-Scale Land Acquisitions (LSLA) for forest plantations and gender in Kilolo district, Iringa region, Tanzania DÉSIRÉE GMÜR, Institute of Social Anthropology, University of Bern Ambassadors of the Farm : Comparing Chinese and American farmer-to-farmer development efforts in Liberia in the early 1960s CASSANDRA MARK-THIESEN, Department of History and Centre for African Studies, University of Basel Discussant: LUREGN LENGGENHAGER, University of Zurich 16h30 End of the conference Fin des journées Ende der Tagung 5

7 ABSTRACTS Panel 1: Translating & interpreting in plurilingual settings: Communicative strategies to maneuver administration in West Africa Rebekka Ehret: Legal interpreting, social pressures, and professional ethics at the Special Court for Sierra Leone The linguistic situation of Sierra Leone poses an interesting challenge to a hybrid tribunal such as the Special Court for Sierra Leone (SCSL). Sierra Leone is one of the smaller countries in West Africa; its population is now estimated to be around 6.5 million. Over 20 languages are in use of which Mende, Themne, Limba, and Kono are the most important indigenous ones, but they exist besides the official ex-colonial language English and its Creole descendant, Krio. The SCSL s official language was English, which meant that the language spoken during hearings was English and that all written records were in English. Yet, all the accused persons as well as all the witnesses were entitled to speak in the language of their choice and to have everything interpreted into this language. The contribution deals with the challenges of recruiting interpreters for the court and training them to meet the court s needs. It will also show the difficulties the interpreters had to face during the court procedures as they were dealing with non-standardized languages. Carmen Delgado Luchner: Conference interpreter training in Kenya: Lessons learnt and future perspectives In June 2010 the University of Nairobi launched a Master s in Conference Interpreting in collaboration with the United Nations Office at Nairobi (UNON), the European Commission and the University of Geneva. This Master s was the first training programme for conference interpreters working not only with French and English, but also into and out of Swahili. Shortly after the inauguration of the course, in August 2010, Kenyan voters adopted a new constitution by referendum. Among the substantial changes introduced by the new constitution was a new turn in Kenyan language policy: Swahili was elevated to the status of co-official language alongside English. In appearance, this boded well for the professional future of graduates of the new interpreting course. This presentation focuses on the findings of my in-depth ethnographic case study of interpreter training at the University of Nairobi: We shall see that conference interpreting relies on a definition of mother tongue or A language that presupposes that learners have a perfect command of at least one of their languages. However, in a society where the language of the home, the language of day-to-day communication and the language of the education system are different, this assumption might have to be questioned in order to provide training that is best adapted to students language profiles and the requirements of the local interpreting market. Another particularity of the Kenyan case, as compared to other countries in Sub-Saharan Africa, is that Swahili is used throughout the country as a vehicular language. It therefore constitutes an alternative to English in inter-ethnic communication. This has a direct impact on the interpreting market, in particular as far as the need for English/Swahili interpreters is concerned. Furthermore, inserting interpreter training into a public university in Kenya poses a number of institutional challenges, that are relevant to the wider region, including West Africa. Based on these considerations, I will suggest a contextualized model for interpreter training. Many components of this model are of relevance to interpreter training not only in Kenya but also in other countries in Sub-Saharan Africa. 6

8 Natalie Tarr: Interpreting the Administration: Burkina Faso's Courts in Translation In Burkina Faso, standardized French is the only language allowed by law during trials and to keep court records. This institutional imposition of monolingualism affects interaction between legal experts and defendants. Most defendants and witnesses have not enjoyed long-term schooling and thus cannot communicate in the required variety of French. This inequality in language repertoires creates distinct divisions among courtroom participants along linguistic lines. Interpreters straddle this divide, their job being to facilitate understanding between courtroom participants. This presentation is based on preliminary findings I collected at the Tribunal de Grande Instance or Criminal Court in Bobo-Dioulasso during a short-term fieldtrip (informal talks with judges, interpreters, professional translators and observation at court during trials). They show that interpreters only translate when asked to do so by the presiding judge, leaving much verbal interaction untranslated. The presiding judge also interferes directly with defendants/witnesses when he feels they are not answering his questions adequately; he also corrects the interpreter's translations, but by law may only communicate in French. The linguistic dichotomy between speakers unsurprisingly has a direct impact on the work of the interpreter, who has not formally studied interpreting or translation himself nor pursued any kind of long-term schooling. How does this situation influence the administration of justice? Gabriele Slezak: Multilingual Interaction in Court: perceptions of linguistic resources and African languages in legal settings in Austria Multilingual interaction in courtrooms can be described as organized unequally. This characterization applies in particular to the availability of communicative resources even though an interpreter is present. Recent sociolinguistic research shows that both everyday-life experience and the reflection of dominant language ideologies play a key role for the practice of translation in court. This paper focuses on how speakers perceive and evaluate their own and others' linguistic resources in legal settings. Attention is drawn to the specific situation of African migrants in Austrian courts. The researched corpus was collected in a study based at the Department of African Studies, University of Vienna and includes spoken and written texts of judges, defendants, prosecutors and interpreters. These texts were collected during participant observation, workshops, group discussions and individual interviews. The analyzed corpus shows that the dichotomy between "higher standard (formal)" and "lower, non-standard (informal)" talk was a constant topic of discussion about communication in court. 7

9 Panel 2: Études africaines productions culturelles et refus des assignations identitaires Anaïs Clerc-Bedouet: Les films du Nigérian Ola Balogun pour le CICR : une «Afrique qui existe réellement»? Pionnier du cinéma nigérian né en 1945, Ola Balogun est mandaté en 1988 par le Comité International de la Croix-Rouge pour réaliser trois courts et moyen métrages qui prendront les titres Destination paix, Le retour et Le train de l'humanité. Le réalisateur se différencie des autres réalisateurs ayant oeuvré pour le CICR depuis 1921 par ses origines : il n'est pas européen mais africain. Né Yoruba en pays Igbo, Ola Balogun quitte son pays natal pour la France où il étudie de 1963 à 1968, d'abord les lettres, à l'université de Caen, puis la réalisation cinématographique, à l'idhec. En août 1968, après avoir vécu les révoltes estudiantines à Paris, il rentre au Nigéria accompagné de son épouse française, Françoise, et de leur toute petite fille, née depuis quelques mois : tous trois s'installent alors dans un pays où la guerre sévit depuis la sécession du Biafra fin mai Début 1969, Ola Balogun part filmer dans le Biafra : ces images constituent alors son premier documentaire, One Nigeria, qui affiche une prise de position claire pour un Nigéria uni. Vingt ans, dix longs métrages de fiction et douze documentaires plus tard, Ola Balogun est mandaté par le CICR. Le premier film, Destination paix, présente les actions du CICR dans différents pays dont le Salvador, la Thaïlande et le Nigéria. Dans ce cadre, il interviewe le Général Yakubu Gowon, président du Nigéria de 1966 à 1975 pendant la guerre du Biafra. Ses propos sont contrebalancés par ceux d'emeka Odumegwu-Ojukwu, chef militaire des sécessionistes biafrais. Tout au long du film est essaimé un entretien avec Cornelio Sommaruga, alors président du CICR, qui prône la neutralité de l'organisation. D'après Gary Vanisian, directeur de publication de l'ouvrage The Magic of Nigeria On the Cinema of Ola Balogun, ce film affiche une "ambiguité inconfortable" et constitue en ce sens le documentaire le plus controversé d'ola Balogun. Son deuxième film produit par le CICR, Le retour, retrace un échange de prisonniers de guerre entre la Somalie et l'ethiopie en août et septembre Ola Balogun et son cadreur, Jean-Michel Humeau, filment le départ, le voyage en avion puis l'arrivée des rapatriés. Tout est orchestré et le commentaire alternant une voix d'homme et une voix de femme est lu sur un ton à la fois grave et poétique. Le troisième film, Le train de l'humanité, suit tout au long de son chemin de Dakar à Bamako un train mis sur rails par les sociétés de la Croix-Rouge malienne et sénégalaise en collaboration avec le CICR dans le but célébrer le 125ème anniversaire de la Croix- Rouge. Quelle est alors la part de stéréotypes dans les films qu'ola Balogun a réalisés pour le CICR? Dans quelle mesure peut-on considérer que, puisqu'elle est filmée par un Africain, l'afrique représentée dans ces trois films serait au plus proche de la réalité? L'Afrique filmée par Ola Balogun pour le CICR existe-t-elle réellement? Filmographie: trois films d'ola Balogun produits par le CICR Destination paix [Peace connection], Salvador / Thaïlande / Ethiopie / Nigéria, CICR, 1988, 00:32:47. Le retour : Mogadishu, Somalie, septembre 1988, Somalie / Ethiopie, Delka Productions / CICR, 1988, 00:08:50. Le train de l'humanité : un aller simple Dakar-Bamako [Peace mission on wheels : Dakar- Bamako one way], Sénégal / Mali, Polystar Production / CICR, , 00:14:02. 8

10 Irena Trujic: L écriture de l histoire dans le roman africain contemporain Comment transmettre une parcelle de vérité lorsqu on n a pas assisté aux évènements que l on relate? À plus forte raison, quand ces faits se sont produits plusieurs siècles auparavant et ont été récupérés, commentés, voire déformés à des fins de propagande? Ce type de questions prend une importance grandissante dans notre société à la mémoire saturée, pour reprendre le titre d un ouvrage de Régine Robin. Et c est précisément l importance de la transmission mémorielle, du témoignage et des conséquences de l oubli que mettent en valeur certains romans africains contemporains, s intégrant ou non dans la projet Rwanda : écrire par devoir de mémoire. Cette communication ambitionne ainsi d étudier la façon dont les écrivains s emparent de l Histoire dans leurs fictions, conciliant témoignage et roman qui s opposent traditionnellement. Si le corpus reste à définir, elle s intéressera notamment aux différentes figures testimoniales présentes dans les romans, et aux personnages fantomatiques en particulier : ceux que l on appelle les témoins intégraux endossent en effet un rôle particulier dans la genèse, au sens où ils permettent de raconter ce qui est par définition inénarrable. Ils montrent, pour reprendre les termes d Alexis Tadié, que la notion de fiction «est un concept-limite, qui permet de fixer des bornes, de définir négativement d autres champs: la fiction se manifeste quand l histoire cesse d être récit historique, quand la philosophie renonce à être enquête rationnelle, quand la vérité perd ses droits et le mythe son efficace.» (Alexis Tadié : 1998) Fiona Siegenthaler: The call for de-colonization in art and art education : Discourses and practices in Kampala, Uganda The call for de-colonizing and de-racializing academic education was particularly loud in South Africa in The critique tends to blame South African academy for broadly two issues: neoliberal and thus economically exclusive structures on the one hand and a far too slow pace or even lacking will to overcome hegemonic cultural perspectives that had been internalized so deeply by apartheid on the other. However, these discussions are not unique to South Africa. Decolonizing the mind (Ngũgĩ wa Thiong o 1986) has been a pertaining discourse in academy since the 1960s up until today in many, mostly Anglophone, African countries. It has explicitly aimed at decolonizing curricula and education in general, and it continues even today after more than half a century. Also Uganda is currently experiencing a revival of this intellectual call for de-colonization, especially within the field of art and art education. However, while Uganda shares some concerns and arguments with the South African situation, it is quite different in many aspects. As an example, the call for de-colonization in Uganda has little to do with the racial profile of its teachers or students the overwhelming majority being black, from Uganda or neighboring countries. Rather, the argument goes toward de-colonizing curricula, art histories and in fact aiming at a curriculum that is of significance to questions that today s students deal with. Much of the discussion however also shows similarities, such as the dilemma between a high skepticism against the hegemony of neo-liberalism as a form of neo-colonialism on the one side, and a need and desire for access to international contemporary art, art institutions, art markets and funding organizations on the other. In this paper, I will trace some aspects in the Ugandan discussion and situate them within the particular national context, thus offering a point of comparison to the South African situation. 9

11 Isabelle Chariatte : L autodétermination dans les romans d In-Koli Jean Bofane droit de réponse à la violence postcoloniale La violence contre certains groupes de la population d un Etat est générée au moment où leur identité culturelle est transformée en identité politique. Toutes les exactions semblent alors être justifiées, ces groupes étant désormais relégués à un statut de subalternes. (Mahmood Mamdani, 2002) Afin d éclairer au Congo (RDC) la logique de la violence contre les subalternes (groupes de la population, femmes), il est nécessaire de repenser le contexte historique postcolonial et colonial qui l a fait surgir. Quels événements historiques de la période coloniale et postcoloniale ont été décisifs? De quelle façon la spirale de la violence a été générée? A quel moment et pour quelles raisons? Mais, surtout, quel rôle joue la communauté internationale dans le contexte de la violence actuelle? De quelle façon le monde entier est impliqué dans les guerres du Congo en raison de la mondialisation? Dans son rôle d écrivain, In-Koli Jean Bofane pose ces questions historiques et politiques par le biais d un regard critique et désabusé, souvent teinté d humour ou de cynisme, lui permettant de mettre en lumière le dysfonctionnement de l Etat à tous les niveaux, l inefficacité de l ONU et surtout l implication et les intérêts de la communauté internationale dans le drame quotidien qui secoue le pays depuis 20 ans. Au-delà de l analyse historique, l écrivain refuse toute forme de victimisation et proclame un droit d autodétermination et d autodéfinition pour le peuple congolais par rapport aux discours et aux pouvoirs des anciens colonisateurs et des intérêts occidentaux. A travers plusieurs personnages, victimes de violences postcoloniales, In-Koli Jean Bofane retrace leur parcours d autodétermination récusant, jusqu à les renverser, les systèmes de pensées, de valeurs, voire de justice des anciens colonisateurs. Nous proposons d étudier à partir de plusieurs cas de figures dans les romans d In-Koli Jean Bofane la question de l autodétermination proprement «africaine», libérée de l héritage colonial et mettant en pratique des discours et des actions reposant sur des systèmes de valeurs adaptés à la réalité africaine. 10

12 Panel 3: Material representations and spatial patterning of practices in Africa Monika Baumanova and Ladislav Smejda: Great residential buildings of pre-colonial Africa in a comparative perspective This paper aims to develop the notion that forms and materials of constructed domestic space were in a dialogue with the social environments in pre-colonial urban Africa. We elaborate on a range of theoretical and methodological streams in the social sciences that focus on the interplay between society and the built environment. For this kind of research, urban context is a fruitful resource. We adopt a comparative perspective and consider several case studies of large pre-colonial houses in the cities of sub-saharan Africa. For the purpose of our enquiry we look at how these buildings, while their primary use probably was to cater for domestic tasks and situations, helped to shape and define social values, merging of interests and power negotiations among members of an urban society. We investigate the construction and structural characteristics of the houses and follow how they and their spatial context change through time. These analyses reveal, among other observations, how the unique nature of African urban heritage may be viewed, so that it could lend itself to cross-regional comparisons. Our point of departure will be the Swahili coast where we apply several methods of spatial analysis that can reveal patterning in possible movement and visual access within buildings including network analysis. We compare selected buildings from Gede, Kenya and Kilwa, Tanzania, where there are data available on the layout of preserved stone houses of various sizes and their position within settlement. We study their layout, building materials and decoration to reveal potential patterns of movement, visual perceptions and social meanings associated with this built environment. Finally we compare our findings with illustrative examples from elsewhere in Africa to open a broader discussion on the importance of interdisciplinary enquiry into the long history of social implications of African indigenous architecture. We argue that material constructions like houses significantly shape and channel social action by reflecting on contemporary conventions, as well as play active roles in subsequent re-definitions of their social setting. Jacques Aymeric : Les marques territoriales de la sécurité collective chez les Bamoun (16e 19e siècles) L installation des Bamoun dans la région du Noun (ouest-cameroun) remonte probablement à la fin du 16e siècle. Occupant d abord une superficie d environ 400 km2 autour de Foumban, la petite chefferie devint finalement un royaume s étendant sur presque km2 au début du 19e siècle (Tardits, 1985 :1263). C est sur ce territoire que s est matérialisée l évolution de la conception de la défense collective de ce peuple. Notre communication vise à présenter les changements mentaux des Bamoun survenus entre les 16e et 19e siècles en relevant les différentes marques qu ils ont laissées dans l espace. Par l approche historique, nous avons pu reconstituer les conceptions que se faisaient les Bamoun de l organisation et de la défense de leur territoire. Et par la recherche archéologique, nous avons pu identifier les traces que ces différentes conceptions de la sécurité collective ont laissées dans le paysage. Notre étude (Aymeric 2013) a permis de reconstituer un scénario en trois phases : - au départ, les Bamoun ont conçu leur défense à distance : en important l insécurité chez leurs voisins par la guerre, ils ont ainsi pu agrandir leur territoire jusqu aux limites naturelles majeures que sont les rivières Mbam et Noun. - Par la suite, les incursions de la cavalerie de Baare Tchamba, dont l un des raids atteignit 11

13 Foumban (Njoya, 1952 : 26), ébranlèrent cette conception. La défense au loin du territoire n était plus efficace, et il fallut adopter une défense plus rapprochée. Le changement de stratégie marqua le paysage par l édification de fortifications autour des villages les plus importants. En particulier, les Bamoun ceinturèrent successivement Foumban de chaussestrappes, de fossés et d une muraille (pon nsem, nsem et nka ngu en langue Bamoun, Aymeric 2013 : 41-51). - Enfin, cette attention particulière pour Foumban, au dépends d autres villages importants, a été à la base du nouveau rôle d épicentre politique et économique joué par ce hameau, qui devint dès lors le coeur du pays (nshishèt ngu comme disent les Bamoun, Loumpet- Galitzine 2011 : 191). Cette étude montre bien les liens qui unissent des schémas mentaux évoluant dans le temps à des évidences matérielles reconnaissables dans l espace. En pays bamoun, en plus de marquer le paysage par des structures défensives, les changements de conception de la sécurité collective ont créé des interactions sociales, politiques et même symboliques. Denis Genequand et Christian de Reynier : Une approche archéologique des mosquées traditionnelles du nord du Ghana: formes, origines et techniques de construction La moitié nord du Ghana présente encore une petite série de mosquées traditionnelles, qui font actuellement l'objet d'un programme de recherche de l'université de Genève. Toutes appartiennent au même type de monument religieux que l'on qualifie généralement de "ouestsoudanais" et qui est caractérisé par une architecture de terre, deux tours de forme pyramidale marquant le minaret et le mihrab et des contreforts saillants. Elles sont diversement datées entre le 16e et le début du 20e siècle, sans toutefois que bons arguments aient été amenés pour les datations hautes. En se basant principalement sur les mosquées de Bole et Banda Nkwanta (Northern Region), qui ont été étudiées de manière détaillée en 2015 et 2016, cette présentation essayera de faire le point sur la question de la date d'apparition de ce type d'architecture dans la région en lien avec les différentes phases d'islamisation, sur la question des influences architecturales auxquelles elles ont été soumises et sur la manière dont les techniques de construction peuvent induire des différences morphologiques importantes. Roberto Zaugg: Brazilian Tobacco and Mediterranean Coral in the Bight of Benin, Elite Consumptions, Sumptuary Norms, and Court Culture during the Atlantic Era The intensification of transcontinental contacts during the Atlantic Era (15th-19th c.) resulted in a globally interconnected process of aesthetic change (Thornton 2012) in which foreign items, consumer habits and style patterns were transferred to and appropriated in new contexts. Royal courts both in Europe and in Africa were important laboratories of this process. As circumscribed spaces where the exercise of political power is staged according to highly formalised ceremonial codes and is associated with the display of artefacts incorporating wealth and distinction, they constitute highly interesting objects to study cross-cultural dynamics. In the attempt of tracking the social life of things (Appadurai 1986) involved in transcontinental circulations, this paper explores the interweaving of material exchanges, social practices, and layered cultural transformations revealed by written, visual, sculptural and archeological sources. In this sense, it tries to exploit the potentialities of a micro-historical approach both open to interdisciplinarity and mindful of the importance of locality for the understanding of global interconnections. 12

14 My paper focuses on two items which were introduced to Atlantic Africa through maritime trade: Brazilian tobacco and Mediterranean red coral. It examines the commercial trajectories which brought them to the Gulf of Benin, the new cultural meanings they acquired in the African context as well as the sumptuary norms which emerged in West Africa to regulate the use of these items from a social and spatial point of view. On the one hand, it discusses how smoking and pipes became status markers in the Kingdoms of Hueda and Dahomey (Bénin) and how they got associated with Vodun religious beliefs. On the other, it reconstructs how coral beads were integrated into the court culture, the mythology and the ritual practices of the Kingdom of Benin (Nigeria), becoming a paramount symbol of royalty. The paper argues that the process of aesthetic change in the Atlantic Era did not produce a homogenous hybrid or global culture on either a semantic or a stylistic level. As a result of the local domestication of circulating commodities (Presthold 2008), as well as of their combination with inherited features from previous interregional transfers, cross-cultural exchange did not dilute regional specificities. By getting associated to specific ceremonial codes, in some cases imported items even became themselves identity markers among the populations which adopted them. 13

15 Panel 4: care Conditional and unconditional social protection mechanisms in health and health Simplice Ayangma Bonoho : L Office International d Hygiène Publique (OIHP), l Organisation d Hygiène de la Société des Nations (OHSDN) et l internationalisation des problèmes de santé des territoires dominés d Afrique centrale ( ) Cet article a pour but de répondre à deux préoccupations. Il est question dans un premier temps, de saisir les caractéristiques des enjeux sanitaires mondiaux dans l entre deux guerres. Il s agit par la suite, de mettre en exergue les ressorts d une coopération qui part de la nécessité pour les administrations coloniales de lutter contre les grandes endémies dans les territoires dominés d Afrique centrale, à la prise en compte de ces préoccupations au niveau international, voire mondial. En s appuyant sur les outils méthodologiques de l histoire transnationale et sur un fond documentaire riche et varié, l article permet de faire la lumière sur les experts, la fabrique du discours de l expertise internationale, et les moyens de leur diffusion dans les territoires dominés. Il insiste de ce fait, sur l idée de «mise en valeur» ou de civilisation par l hygiène et la santé, comme condition indispensable de la légitimation de la domination dans les colonies et du développement des métropoles. Mari Dumbaugh: Conditional Cash Transfers for Birth Spacing: South Kivu, Democratic Republic of Congo Cash transfers emerged in Latin America in the 1990s as a dual poverty alleviation and general health and best-behavior promotion strategy. Similar programs were introduced into sub Saharan African contexts from the early 2000s usually targeting and conditional on specific health behavior changes. Conditional cash transfers and other market-based approaches to health have since gained widespread support from global development institutions such as the World Bank and large amounts of development money now support these programs in a variety of contexts, targeting more and more health behavior outcomes. How, then, is the great success of these programs measured? Why are cash transfer programs heralded as the preferred health behavior change strategy? Are they actually effective? What ethical questions arise when certain health behaviors are targeted? Do these programs have an impact on community actors, dynamics and behaviors beyond health outcome statistics? Using the example of a program aimed at promoting the uptake of family planning and the practice of birth spacing in South Kivu, Democratic Republic of Congo, this paper explores the success of conditional cash transfers and the program s wider social and ethical implications. Stephen Okumu Obure: Maternity vouchers in Kilifi-county, Kenya. As maternal health services become more widely available in different sub Saharan African contexts, increasing access to and demand for these services by reducing barriers to use has been a priority of health and development programming in recent years. Health and development institutions alongside government partners have employed different strategies to increase service access and incentivize specific health behavior change. Recent trends in funding support demandside approaches to reducing health care costs through direct subsidies to clients and pay-perservice systems to health facilities. To increase rates of health facility birth the Kenyan government supported a maternal health service voucher program targeting poor women in the public and private health sectors beginning in In June 2013 a presidential policy directive used a different approach, implementing free delivery services for all women in all public health institutions. Using preliminary qualitative findings from an ongoing comparative evaluation of the two programs this paper explores emic perceptions of the different strategies from different 14

16 actors, questions of equity, participants strategies for accessing benefits and the often unexpected repercussions of wealth and resource distribution programs for health. Sonja Merten: Incentives in health care: Comparative perspectives from Central / Eastern Africa Drawing on few empirical examples this paper discusses local views on incentives in health care as compared to other social protection schemes from an emic perspective. Going beyond the question of how people decide on their use of a scheme, or whether they participate or not in an incentivized activity, it is explored how such interventions are experienced in the wider context of poverty and political instability. Drawing on research from DRC and Kenya, women s accounts on their general inability to participate in health-related services and programs are explored in the light of the promises made by incentivized health related programs. Consequences for policy are discussed. 15

17 Panel 5: Political articulations from the everyday Béatrice Bertho and Françoise Grange: Feminism «from below». Everyday micro-politics of agency in Africa Drawing on the idea of the politics from below (Bayart, Mbembe & Toulabor 1992) and recognizing the fact that inconspicuous political practices are hidden in the social actors everyday lives, this paper offers a reflection on different ways by which young women exercise their power in situations where they have very little leeway. It is based on two ethnographic fieldworks: one was about the use of a public service the Ministry of Social Action in Burkina Faso by women who seek to assert their rights when faced with intra-family conflicts; and the second examined the complex interconnections between the spheres of money, love and sexuality among youth in Mali. During our respective fieldworks we often witnessed tactics deployed by young women trying to negotiate greater autonomy in their lives. These subtle micro-politics usually draw from repertoires of the margins, the invisible and the silence (Kandiyoti 1998, Abu Lughod 1986, Mahmood 2005, Parpart 2010) in contrast with organized activist feminist groups, who have more visible and audible ways to counter gender inequalities. In our paper, we will show that they nevertheless constitute some strategic forms of political expression intrinsically linked to the production of gendered subjectivities. We will also discuss some conceptual and methodological issues we were confronted to as researchers during the data generation and interpretation processes. Nadine Chariatte: Everyday practices in Cape Town s townships across modes and media: from survival to protest The Cape Flats (the dumping ground of Apartheid ) consist of a vast number of overcrowded, poverty-stricken, gang-infested townships in Cape Town where the majority of Black and Coloured people live. As a legacy of Apartheid segregation policy the Cape Flats are physically and socially marginalised from the thriving areas of former White Cape Town. In other words, infrastructure is poor and life is hard in the Cape Flats. As a consequence among the Cape Flats residents predominates a sense of neglect from Apartheid, but also post-apartheid governments. In these dire living conditions people from the Cape Flats articulate their discontent in a variety of ways: in graffiti, tattoos, social media posts, online videos, chanting marches, prayer groups. This study aims to show how the Cape Flats residents use different modes and media in their everyday discourses and social practices of township life. The study is based on a corpus of photographs, videos, digital texts and images, and recordings. These materials are submitted to discourse and visual analysis under a sociolinguistic lens. Results reveal that these multimodal and multimedia (language) practices in the first place serve to survive in a rather hostile place as Cape Town s townships. However, the people living in the Cape Flats, particularly the younger generations, increasingly begin to use this mix of modes and media to blend the everyday survival discourses with protest against the oblivion of the Cape Flats by the government. The emerging grassroots protests happens via two means: on the one hand, by exposing the shortcomings, and on the other hand, by creating a different image of the Cape Flats by the help of the affordances offered in digital media. Thus, these everyday political practices lead to a changing construction of the Cape Flats as a community, an identity, and a place. 16

18 Maaret Jokela: Studying women's human rights activism 'across worlds' This paper analyses how intercultural research methodologies can complement feminist research on women's collective action. It draws on two research projects on women s human rights activism in Honduras and South Africa between 2013 and Recent studies in feminist geography have discussed different ways of talking across worlds, such as interdisciplinary and collaborative research projects. Scholars have particularly drawn on postcolonial and intersectional methodologies to reflect on research contexts that are different from their own. However, many of these studies focus on hierarchical categories such as the North and the South. This study discusses the methodological concept of regard croisé and depicts that unlike other methodologies, this kind of crossed view does not necessarily involve hierarchies. The methodology aims to include multiple perspectives into the analysis, which can help doublecheck research concepts and reflect on our positionality as researchers. 17

19 Panel 6: Economic liberalism and citizenship: contesting illiberal outcomes in Africa s boom economies Sarah Ryser: Moroccan regeneration: Government land deal as a catalytic converter for neo-liberal and state driven social development The Moroccan state is driven a somehow ambivalent state driven but as well neoliberal development policy in order to foster development and partial independence on the energy sector for its citizens. One of the strategies is to get invest and receive further investments for solar energy. The Moroccan agency for solar energy MASEN is building the biggest Solar-Energy-Project world-wide through a public-private partnership. This project has a surface of more than 3000 ha and is situated in the Ghessate rural council area, 10 km away from Ouarzazate, on communal land previously owned by the Aït Ougrour ethnic community, a Moroccan Berber Amazight Clan. This presentation analyses the impact of the investment on the local inhabitants. It highlights the changes in local resource uses that took place after the acquisition of the land previously held as common property by the investor. While the access to some resources has become restricted (land, pasture, water), new resources were created (fund resulting from the sale of the land, compensation fund provided by MASEN described as fruits of the growth ). It is thus a peculiar example of neoliberal investment but state controlled redistribution. In this context, the overarching question of this presentation focuses on the wins and losses that result from such an investment for the local heterogeneous inhabitants with a special focus on the emic perception of local actors at the household level. Which impacts did the investment have on local institutional arrangements? Which forms of redistribution took place? Who benefits from it and who loses? The overarching hypothesis of the article is that the investment plays the role of a catalyst: it leads to the transformation of some natural resources into new monetary resources that local actors can tap, under specific conditions, to sustain their livelihood. As actors are not equal we look at three categories: a. Herders who used the 3000 ha as a passage for transhumance are strongly concerned with the new utilization of the territory. Even if it is not a desirable location for extending pasture, it is not what is commonly called wasteland. Following the establishment of the project and the lack of access to the land for transhumance, local community members, who once used the land for this purpose, have to seek alternative options. b. Local community members who do not have access to jobs, have no related benefits in the short-term. They will be looking for alternative means of subsistence and a coping strategy such as involvement in government development programs (i.e. participation in cooperatives, Maroc vert and INDH etc.). Through these programs, local community members are able to earn money whilst at the same time be empowered through information, awareness, government support and easy access to economic and social amenities including health facilities, education, promotion of local ware or product market, and thereby reduce losses arising from the LSLA project. c. Specifically women who are not seen as the owners of the commons and thus the question arises what do they lose or gain through the sale of the commons by men and women s options to be involved in the redistribution of the benefits derived from this sale compared to the losses. Based on field data collected at the end of 2015, this research presents preliminary findings to answer these questions also integrating a gender perspective. It will illustrate for each of the different actors the direct and indirect benefits and/or losses related to the Solar-Energy-Project, in which several international banks as well as development agencies and technical companies from Germany and elsewhere are involved. 18

20 Timothy Adams: A paradox of development legitimacy: Between neoliberal globalism and local needs in smallholder sugar cane production in Malawi The recent surge in Large Scale Land Acquisition in the African continent has led to the world questioning the role of the state in these developments. The conclusion had been that LSLA take place in countries with weak institutional mechanisms governing access to land. What is however down played, is the question of why African governments play the specific role they play in the LSLA discourse. For most African governments, it is often about balancing between meeting the interest of its people without losing its international reputation. What this means is that African governments would have to align their development policies with dominant discourses on development held by international Organisations such as the World Bank, the IMF and the African Development Bank in order to attract foreign investment. Since these institutions promotes neoliberal economic policies, it becomes very necessary for African governments to showcase commitments to upholding the banner of economic liberalism linked to business-friendly climate creation. However, promoting such economic liberalism have consequences on balancing between enhancing local legitimacy (i.e. state local population) and international legitimacy (i.e. international investors). Often African governments try to balance between the two through the adoption of development policies that sought to promote private sector led agrarian development through local people inclusive business models, which to a certain extend aimed at maximizing the interest of the ruling elites. However, preliminary evidence within the context of LSLA suggest that such government strategies often resulted in either accumulation by dispossession or market-led agrarian reforms. Market-led agrarian reforms although promotes smallholder farmer involvement in agriculture, there are also more focus on export crop production resulting in the emergence of an exportoriented capitalist sub-sector that is both more closely integrated into the global agro-food system than ever before and more important to the internationalised circuit of capital (Akram-Lodhi, 2007:1448). As it produces almost exclusively for the market, this productive sub-sector is subject to the logic of the market imperative, in that it must continually strive to improve competitiveness by reducing per unit costs and improving per unit quality in order to generate the surplus-value that sustains enhanced profitability (ibid). In this sense, the linkage between agribusiness and emerging export-oriented capitalist engagement in agriculture in Africa may either be direct through upright LSLA or production through smallholder engagement in the form of contract farming leading to high dependencies of smallholders and enclosures. This process is illustrated by a case study from Malawi that shows this dependency of how state agricultural policy alignment with international discourse on rural development and smallholder incorporation into global market value chains have resulted in emergence of neoliberal enclosures. Also how these neoliberal enclosures through large scale sugar cane contract farming resulted in the transformation of user and access rights to land, the redefinition of flow of cash to rural farmers, labour control, and changes in social relation governing access to land leading to community dependency. The questions to be addressed include: What is the role of the state in facilitating market-led rural development models (i.e. contract farming) within the context large scale smallholder sugar cane cultivation? And what are the implications of such market-based process on the households engaged in sugar cane cultivation and local communities as a whole? 19

21 Christine Bigler: Gendered agricultural transition leads women into precarious work arrangement The Rwanda s Vision 2020 neoliberal development policy focuses on the transformation of the agricultural sector and of the rural labour market. The government of Rwanda gives great attention to international and regional investors in commercial agricultural businesses, whilst establishing entrepreneur friendly conditions such as infrastructure appropriate legislations and social policies. Rwanda is internationally in a good shape in terms of economic growth, governance and gender equality. This makes it attractive for the international aid community, which neglect for their part the autocratic regime and the fact that inequality in land holdings increased during the last years. Through this commercialization of agriculture, new employment opportunities in and outside the sector, are expected to be created. Both women and men are integrated into this new agriculture production system, mostly as self-employed farmers or as on-field casual labourer. The main objective is to map the rural labour market, to identify the drivers to do on-field casual work instead of self-employed farming and to demonstrate the factors which influence opportunities and challenges for women and men in this new production system. An explanatory sequential-mixed-methods design has been used. Drivers of the agriculture transformation are agribusiness, market-oriented cooperatives or individual commercialized farmers. All three creates employment almost exclusively in the informal sector, mostly for on-field casual workers. Drivers to do on-field casual work are: land scarcity and low integration into the agriculture market as well as gender, age and household size. By looking at the wages of the on-field labourer, a significant correlation between gender and wage can be found. From the results it is apparent that for the same work women earn 20% less than men. The findings suggest that the employment situations for women are even more problematic, if it interferes with pregnancy or child s care. It is much more difficult to find a paid employment when the job seeker is pregnant or has a small baby. This fact shapes the rural labour market and drives women into precarious work arrangements. Furthermore, the results of the study demonstrate that women still undertake the bulk of unpaid work in in their homes and this leads to time poverty and to a feminization of responsibilities. The Rwandan agriculture transformation is gendered; due the care burden, women have not the same opportunities on the paid rural labour market. 20

22 Panel 7: Land governance, environment and rural development Cassandra Mark-Thiesen: Ambassadors of the Farm : Comparing Chinese and American Farmerto-Farmer Development Efforts in Liberia in the Early 1960s In the early 1960s, while many other African states were still battling for their independence from colonial powers, Liberia presented an early and fruitful ground for foreign development schemes. The state, which had remained independent from Europe throughout its history, was now a top prospect for foreign assistance efforts of all kinds. This paper is especially concerned with the people-to-people, or farmer-to-farmer, programs that proliferated globally after the 1950s. It involved the sending abroad of (non religious) citizen volunteers with varying degrees of expert knowledge in agricultural matters, who were engaged to serve as both ambassadors and technicians in the developing world. For many heads of state this type of program represented a new sort of cultural diplomacy for the cold war. It was an alternative to the arrogant and disconnected ambassadorial practices of the past. Now the aim was straightforward, namely to win hearts and minds. The agricultural mission in Liberia was deemed a worthy cause where there was still so much to be learned about local life and work in Africa s rural sphere. Naturally, the individuals to arrive in Liberia through such programs also believed to have lots of knowledge to share, as well; not least about their own cultures. This paper aims to discuss where such programs fit in the larger realm of international development: To what extent were they practical vs. political? And does it even make sense to discuss these two points separately? Did the tactics of the Taiwanese and Americans differ and how? What are the remnants and legacy of these efforts today? Martina Santschi: Changing governance and use of land in Dinka communities in Northern Bahr el- Ghazal State, South Sudan Aweil East County in Northern Bahr el-ghazal State in South Sudan - the case study area of this paper - is largely inhabited by Dinka speaking agro-pastoralists. While Dinka speakers are mainly associated with cattle keeping, agriculture is also of great economic significance. Pasture, arable land and homesteads in rural areas are governed by socio-political institutions. Whereas pasture is controlled by sections, arable land rights and homesteads are individualized and guarded by individual families. This paper explores the changing value, governance and use of pasture, arable land and homesteads in Aweil East County. Up to the 1980s access to pasture was contested. Contestations over grassland repeatedly led to inter-communal violence. Since the 1980s armed conflicts over pasture have halted and pasture is temporarily accessible to cattle keepers of neighboring communities. Yet, interestingly access to arable land and homesteads continues to be more restricted to outsiders. In recent years control over arable land has repeatedly led to disputes between individuals, different sections and neighboring administrative entities. Moreover, since the end of the past civil war in 2005 land has increasingly been surveyed in market centers and administrative headquarters. This has been leading to contestations over land, survey processes and over differing interpretations of notions of land and the land act. This paper argues that with the perceived increased commercialization of agriculture, larger scale farming and prospective revenues associated with it and the commodification of land in semi-urban contexts, the commercial value and contestations over arable land and plots in semi-urban contexts have increased. This paper is refers to data collected for a doctoral thesis (Encountering and 'capturing' hakuma: Negotiating statehood and authority in Northern Bahr el-ghazal State, South Sudan 2016) between 2008 and 2012 and for study on land governance in 2014 in Northern Bahr el-ghazal, South Sudan. 21

23 Désirée Gmür: An unbalanced deal: Large-Scale Land Acquisitions (LSLA) for forest plantations and gender in Kilolo district, Iringa region, Tanzania Tanzania has been prospecting for foreign investments since the mid-1980s when it changed to a neoliberal political and economic system after nearly 20 years of Socialism. This is reflected in various laws, policies and initiatives as well as the establishment of a National Land Bank, which aim at facilitating land acquisition for foreign investors. In the context of the food, fi- nance and fuel crisis (Triple-F-crisis), many investors focused on biofuel projects between 2005 and 2008, many of which seem to have failed. The more recent investment undertakings focus is on food and forestry production and impact the use of former common pool resources on the land, especially agricultural land, water, pasture and trees for subsistence and cash. But even though much has been written on these impacts in Tanzania (Locher and Sulle 2013, 2014) and Africa in general (Cotula et al. 2009, Toulmin2008), there is a notorious gender blindness and uncertainty in this literature (see also Doss et al. 2014), specifically as long term social anthropological research is lacking Women s experiences mostly are conflated with men s, or women are treated as a homogenous and/or add-on category without having an explicit contextualized gender focus. No literature is so far dealing with the broader institutional changes in gender relations due to LSLA and the strategies women adopt to cope with these changes. I aim to discuss preliminary qualitative data of my participatory observation research on LSLA for forest plantations by a British-based investor called the New Forests Company (NFC) in Kilolo district, Iringa region. I will focus on the impacts of the commons enclosure created by this land deal that impacts women differently than men; and especially the formers ability to fulfil their care work as they lose access to land and related common pool resources (e.g, fruit trees) for which mostly only men are compensated. I argue further that the commons enclosure through LSLA mainly has negative impacts on women, involving increased workload. It also increases wives dependency on their husbands because land and related resources like fruit trees, previously an important source of cash controlled by women, have decreased or are no longer available and land is mostly controlled by elderly men. Food security is therefore negatively impacted, with an imbalance between gender and generation based on this power relation. Further, compensation is perceived as insufficient because of lacking in transparency in pay-out schemes, scarce jobs available for local people generally and extremely low for women, and development and infrastructure projects are badly adapted to local needs or only beneficial for few and at a very late stage. The general assessment to be discussed is that especially compared with men, costs are higher than benefits. 22

24 POSTERS Maria Lorenzo Martinez UNIGE Natalie Tarr UNIBAS Mamadou Pathé Barry UNINE Miriam Truffa Giachet UNIGE Giovanni Profeta, Florence Devouard SUPSI Manuela Viviano UNIGE Alexandra Thorer EPFL Thomas Pelmoine UNIGE Jacques Aymeric UNIGE Goin Lou Tina Tra UNIBAS Jendoubi Donia UNIBE Mamane Tassiou Amadou UNIBAS Adwoa Owusuaa Bobie UNIBAS Jacob Geuder UNIBAS Valentin Bognan Kone UNIBAS Façonnage bifacial en Afrique de l Ouest de à ans avant le présent, premiers résultats sur des productions lithiques sénégalaises Interpreting the Administration: Burkina Faso s Courts in Translation Life course of African students in Switzerland: Laboratory of transnational studies and social processes Glass beads from West Africa: an archaeometrical study Wikipedia Primary School: Providing the information necessary to the cycle of Primary Education in the languages used by the different education systems Cervical cancer prevention in sub-saharan Africa: how many patients are eligible for a screen-and-treat approach? The Transformation of an African City: a visual exploration of the Light Rail Transit in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia Ethnoarchéologie de l habitat au Sénégal oriental Structures défensives précoloniales au Sénégal oriental : étude archéologique, ethnographique et historique Governance of Agro-pastoral resources and Use conflicts between Farmers and Herders in Tienko, northern part of Côte d'ivoire Land use, land degradation dynamics and options for Sustainable Land Management in Northwest Tunisia Jeunesse et espace public au Niger: essor des «Fada» de Zinder The Contribution of Fashion to Africa Rising Troubleshooting the Network Videoactivist Visions of the City Food restrictions and determinants of social and health risks among Agnis communities of Bongouanou in Centre-East of Côte d Ivoire 23

25 PARTICIPANTS First name Name Afilliation Timothy Adams Universität Bern Carole Ammann Universität Basel Veit Arlt Universität Basel Simplice Ayangma Bonoho Université de Genève Jacques Aymeric Université de Genève Phillip Banda Winterthur Mamadou Pathe Barry Université de Neuchâtel Monika Baumanova Universität Basel Anaïs-Clerc Bedouet Graduate Institute, Geneva Béatrice Bertho Graduate Institute, Geneva Christine Bigler Universität Bern Adwoa Owusuaa Bobie Universität Basel Herrade Boistelle Université de Lausanne Kevin Brugger Université de Genève Estelle Brulhart Université de Lausanne Nadine Chariatte Universität Bern Isabelle Chariatte Universität Basel Nicolas Claire Université de Lausanne Christian de Reynier Canton Neuchâtel Florence Devouard SUPSI Diara Diallo Université de Genève Sebastien Diasso Babou Université de Genève Corinne Dietiker Currently not affiliated Nonhlamhla Dlamini-Stoll Université de Genève Mari Dumbaugh Universität Basel Rebekka Ehret Hochschule Luzern Carlos Fallas Graduate Institute, Geneva Sibylle Ganz-Koechlin Triple T trainingthetrainers info@trainingthetrainers.ch Achiba Gargule Université de Genève agargule@hotmail.co.uk Manuel Gautschi Universität Basel manuel.gautschi@stud.unibas.ch Denis Genequand Université de Genève Denis.Genequand@unige.ch Jacob Geuder Universität Basel jacob.geuder@unibas.ch Desirée Gmür Universität Bern desiree.gmuer@anthro.unibe.ch Francoise Grange Omokaro Graduate Institute, Geneva Francoise.grange@graduateinstitute.ch Tobias Haller Universität Bern tobias.haller@anthro.unibe.ch Justine Hirschy Université de Lausanne justine.hirschy@unil.ch Anita Humbel Université de Genève anita.humbel@etu.unige.ch Santatra Iharisoa Rajaonarivelo Université de Genève iharisoas@gmail.com Chantal Ingabire Universität Bern c.ingabire001@gmail.com Danielle Audrey Isler Universität Basel danielle.isler@unibas.ch Donia Jendoubi Universität Bern jendoubi.donia@yahoo.com Maaret Jokela-Pansini Universität Bern maaret.jokela@giub.unibe.ch Andrea Kaufmann UNRISD a_kaufmann@gmx.net 24

26 Valentin Bognan Kone Universität Basel Alassane Ouattara 25 Guive Khan-Mohammad Université de Genève Daniel Künzler Université de Fribourg Thomas Laely Universität Zürich Paul Lane University of Uppsala Luregn Lenggenhager Unviersität Zürich Christine Lequellec-Cottier Université de Lausanne Maria Lorenzo Martinez Université de Genève Carmen Delgado Luchner Université de Genève Selina Lüthi Universität Basel Elísio Macamo Universität Basel Alexis Malefakis Völkerkundemuseum der Universität Zürich Cassandra Mark-Thiesen Universität Basel Anne Mayor Université de Genève Sonja Merten Universität Basel Ursula Meyer Université de Lausanne Ahmed Ethmane Mousry Université de Genève Barbara Müller Universität Basel Claire Nicolas Université de Lausanne Ginger Nolan Universität Basel Stephen Okumu Obure Universität Bern / sokumu2@gmail.com Maseno University, Kenya Didier Péclard Université de Genève didier.peclard@unige.ch Mathieu Peda Université de Genève mathieu.peda@laposte.net Thomas Pelmoine Université de Genève Thomas.Pelmoine@unige.ch Cécile Petitdemange Université de Genève cecile.petitdemange@unige.ch Giovanni Profeta SUPSI giovanni.profeta@supsi.ch Harena Rajaonarivelo Université de Genève harena.nathanael@gmail.com Sarah Ryser Universität Bern sarah.ryser@anthro.unibe.ch Melanie Sampayo Vidal Universität Bern mel_schaad@hotmail.com Martina Santschi Universität Bern martina.santschi@swisspeace.ch Jon Schubert Universität Leipzig jon.schubert@uni-leipzig.de Raphael Schwere Universität Zürich raphael.schwere@uzh.ch Fiona Siegenthaler Universität Basel fiona.siegenthaler@unibas.ch Gabriele Slezak Universität Wien gabriele.slezak@univie.ac.at Ladislav Smejda Czech University of ladislav.smejda@me.com Life Sciences Prague Natalie Tarr Universität Basel natalie.tarr@unibas.ch Erich Thaler Universität Basel Erich.Thaler@unibas.ch Gakuba Théogène-Octave Haute Ecole de Travail theogene-octave.gakuba@hesge.ch Social, Genève Hervé Cyrille Tivoly Université Alassane Ouattara de Bouaké herve.tivoly@yahoo.fr Tina Tra University of Basel tina.tra@unibas.ch Miriam Truffa Giachet Université de Genève miriam.truffa@unige.ch Irena Trujic Université de Lausanne irena.trujic@gmail.com

27 Nelly Valsangiacomo Université de Lausanne Caro van Leeuwen Universität Basel Manuela Viviano Hôpitaux Universitaires Genève Helen Weldu Aualum Université de Genève Roberto Zaugg Université de Lausanne Tizian Zumthurm Universität Bern Jérémie Steinmann Université de Genève Luisa Cardenas Universität Basel 26

28 DIRECTIONS Restaurant Injera Venue Lerchenweg 36 Bus Stop Mittelstrasse Längassstrasse (10 min walk) Train Station exit Schanzenstrasse Bus Nr. 12 EMERGENCY CONTACT Veit Arlt: Tel