THESE. Fanch LEJEUNE ' & **' Composition du jury : +(', --& *./ ''./ & *./420 $4-- -& *.(# 5!0 6 --& *./0 # $1& # 7 --& *.!

Transcription

1 THESE Fanch LEJEUNE!"# $% $& ' ''") ' & **' Date de soutenance : 23 novembre 2004 Composition du jury : +', --& *./ ''./ & *./420 $4-- -& *.# 5!0 6 --& *./0 # $1& # 7 --& *.!4 '0 189& # 5! :/;.*0

2 !" " " " # $" %& " " ' )* ** " ' ) +,, + - ) &. " & ' )" + & ))/** " " +,&& ) ' ' )& 2 & 5" "& & " & 6 &

3 ) &'& " & )& 2 & 89 :)28;', *, & ' "& 1 ',& 6 )28< " 6 & %& : * * ; ), & % " ', - *& :! ;! & % " " < & " &' & & "" ) + & &,,, ' &9 )28 7

4 INTRODUCTION CHAPITRE 1 1 INFORMATISATION DES LS SYSTEMES D ECRITURE ET OUTILS MULTIMEDIAS </< -- 8&///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////<= 2, > 7 %2, 3 47= =? 7@ </> //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////>? 3 :&9 & &///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////>A B & &//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////>= 4 RECONNAISSANCE / SYNTHESE / TRADUCTION ;/< 1+ / =7 ;/> & 11//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////@@ ;/@ 8& & * & C' - /&& ;/; & /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////;= =

5 5 CONCLUSION : ENVISAGER LA GENERATION D ENONCES... 47?/< 9$1 //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////;D?/> & */////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////?E D7 E, DB D77 1 & "D7 D7= F D=?/@ '' ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////?; CHAPITRE 2 1 PRESENTATION GENERALE DE LA LSF </< & & *'&22//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////?A </> /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////?3 7 ) <DC 77 ) DA 7= ) & &GB </@ </; </? </A //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////AE & -& /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////A@ & */////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////A; F ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////A? </= & //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////A= >,, "G> >7, "G> </3 &8 :

6 2 UN APPORT : LES GRAMMAIRES COGNITIVES >/< >/> >/@ + /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////=E G +9 -&"/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////=> --&8*/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////=@ >/; 2& 2-2 & -2'&&' /////////////////////////=? 7@ H, )I)2>D 7@7 / <,+<' 0>C 7@= ) '8 C 3 PRESENTATION DE LA GAC... &8 2'&&' 2 $-&+$ -- 2////////////////////////3? =7 1 %& CG =77 1 7I && CC =7= 1 =* & %, +$ +$ ///////////////////////////////////////////////////D> =@ IJ< +A7 =@7 F & "A@ =@= 2 A@ =@@, $ &19////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////DD D

7 CHAPITRE 3 1 CONFIGURATIONS MANUELLES ET TYPES SEMANTICO-COGNITIFS </< </> </@ </; - -&///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////<E> -&////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////<E; -& '& */////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////<E? ' -&H///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////<E= </? - ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////<E3 D ) &BC D7 3 4< "BA D= * & '< &+ BA D@! = DD H+ = </A ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////<<; 2 SCHEME DE REPERAGE ET LOCALISATION >/< 'C -&//////////////////////////////////////////////<<; 7 * <@ 77 8' &D 7= /& "D 7@ I&G 7D & < & G >/> ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////<<= 77?& " > 777 ) C >/@ $ *///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////<>; 7= J/& 7@ 7=7 7@ G

8 3 AUTOUR DU MOUVEMENT G & //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////<>A = / 7G '82& &- &//////////////////////////////////////////////<@< 4 SITUATION DYNAMIQUES ;/< ;/> 1'& ' 5 5 //////////////////////////////////<@@!& * -/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////<@@ ;/@ & * I & / H 5 CONCLUSION CHAPITRE 4 1 DEMARCHE GENERALE </< </> </@ *G //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////<;@ 2&////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////<;; 2I"&////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////<;3 2 ANALYSE DE SITUATIONS SPATIALES : "SOUS", "DANS" >/< J$!K " 2 ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////<;D 77 &K!12L )28 GD >

9 7=? >B 7D <</ >/> ' /5/////////////////////////////////////////////////<=3 77? >C 777! CC 77= ) %<,CA 77@ CA 3 ANALYSE DE L'IDEE DE @/@ -- 2&//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////<D> ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////><E //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////><E 4 ANALYSE D'UN VERBE D'ACTION : "TOUCHER" ;/< ;/> ;/@ $'JLK " /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////><> $2&' &&/////////////////////////////////////////////////////><> '- ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////>>; 5 TRANSFERT D'UN OBJET : AUTOUR DE L'IDEE DE "DONNER" ?/<?/> $2&/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////>>A //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////>;@ 6 CONCLUSION CONCLUSION GENERALE C

10 1 < & <5 < )& 2 & 89 :)28;! "" " < * & M AA 8 5 & "" & "2 < "& + < & " &+ + &+, + + " " )&I:)I; ' < "<< "'<+ &' &+ K20NAGBLKO?2$& F A>AL < <& "&&< & + <+ & < *" < K** AC=L K ACAL " & ' "K$AAGLK ACDL & " %& ' & " & " ' ' < && * + " &' & ' < 6 < & )/ 2/ < "" $ ** " + " 3 4 ) ' <++ <? "< ' <++ 3.<< 4 A

11 + & <+!)28)&2 &:)2;& &+ ' * P))28%& " &P! % 5, " P 1 % < &&P " & & "& )& 2 & 89 ', " & ' " ' "& *+ +6)28 ' %&? "" " )28 - *& :-*;' K 7BBBL1 " & & ' <, " ), MQ ' & Q " & " & ' )28 )& % ' - 1 " * *' )28 3+ & 4+ )2 & 5 )2 3 &&4/ ", ' " 7 R " )2)I9K! &I- 7BB7L&9 S& & & "SK*7BB=L B

12 " && & & + & '&& %& % = + & &+ ' & ")I ))2 %& ++" )I/M " " & *, ' % ' * ' & " " 5& "" & " )& & )28'" &? & " " & " ) 5 %& ++ && / )I 9 & && ) & " ' && " " &+ & "& " % -& * ) ", & "& ++ & = I&<" & I, &

13 , " & &? & % 5 H ")& :H);/ E :/E; % & & & % " & +)&I:)I; % + " ' " "H)/E Q? & " <& & :&D; )&1 "%, & & "5, )2 & "', %& )I)2 * &- *& :-*;K!% AACLK$!7BBBL? & 3 4 " & )I)2? & & < %& <)28'& & ++,' "",)28 )1 2 & ")28 " ',+ 1&& 5& &, ",' & && 7

14 )21 &, ) 1 +, " & + &, & " : & ;' * < < && )I )2 < ) * + <+<' + ' <,& "< + 1 & & 5 &5" & & & "+ "&&,& ) & + + "< =

15 I& & */ )2 *7 )2, 2 /? & -? & & " E, " )28 * ", + & -* *=, *@8 / * & ' &, & & " <, ) J! J

16 1 < -& "! " #!!$%&' & " & $ )! &!! *& )'! # "! #$ # "'! & $ & & ) +, #!-+,#./ #!* &! ) *!! " $,! - 0.* & ) -.* -1.*2 3-4.!!!-5.$ D

17 $0/ # 1 Informatisation des LS 2 & & / : & ; 5& & /E & &' +& " ' && " " ' ' %& ) & & & ' % & " % % & % & " % " % & T ))2 " T, " & & ' ": / &;++ 2 Systèmes d écriture et outils multimédias )<,< < < )28 1 < & &5 % + %, % < && " % R " G

18 $0/ #?,,, " <, 3 4 ' 1.1 Présentation des différents systèmes Systèmes mono linéaires ), " + & & ": & " &; & <,+ $+ K$+ C7DL ) " & ' + M $+ K$+ C7DL/5 " & & ), " & " " ", ", " $+ "" & &&" + ' " N 20,$+ +", " & 20K20NAGBL,20 & &&' 20'" & +& & ",+/ " & & %'% & " %5 + + " ), 20 & " ", >

19 $0/ # & " & : ; D )+ M "+, & " 2 &)&&:2);! ",M+K**7BBL ",20 " " + ) + " & )2 & ",+ &, 20K$*+IAAGL *" + ', & 20 < ) "< 5 ' & + " & & E12,K U.2ACAL *,&,,+ " / &, 20 / %'% " " G "& " > ) & + ' *, "" 20,& ") E12, & " " & / "20 " K E12,L/ DBB,+ & " +5 *" & D 20 & '& & 3& 434 & ) + & &* & "&& " && &< +' &) 3& 4 & '<"& & 8)&&5 & G! +" ' & > ' C

20 $0/ # &% " ' " :' ; ' ,&5 "' & & 2 &N &K27BB7L 2 &U &&,< "<,< / )2/ &+ &,+ & ": & & " ;* <+ + )& 9 &)/?, % 8 &2 &K)/?L 2) 1 20E12,2 &N & $H2K2+ 7BBL ), $H2:$0,, ; & )2 "/& " & + ) & " </ ),, ":; A

21 $0/ # % ) + % F ", : ; % ) &:+ ; 5 5" % ) & : &; 5 " + :;+:&; >/ : ; % +# % # % & &# % Q:& ;# % ' % &# % "# % # %! o + # o, & 3 4: ;3,04:;# o &:+ ; 2 o & # o ' # o &:;# o &? : + ;, & 7B

22 $0/ # ) + ",$H2' )28 ", C ) 1V / 2 &! /+ ) +, " :; 7 F+ ) + = F&9 ) :&9; &, & " H+? )28 $H2 C )& & %&, &' 7

23 $0/ # + &) + 7 ) &+ $H2)2 " :;:& ;%)?W:& ;%%&7 :7;:& ;%*X)%%&7 =;% )YR)%H)%& )YR)YHI %2H H+7?,$H2 )+K!I11?L 2) &% :%; +:& 7; * +,, " /& :+; : ; ' :; F, + + " 3-4 A? & " & & " & ),20 / &, ' " +, A2-/ & "& &" : ; " " 77

24 $0/ # 2, Systèmes de transcription «en partition» ), 3 4 " ' <:.; : ;/ &+, / " " M 5 +)2 Q Z",)28 **K**AAGL K* AAG ///L, &' " & " & & 2 & B + " & * " &,, " * & & :++[;!$K$!AAGL!K$!AAGL$ )28) <, &" & <' 5, +!,: + = ;" & & " " & ")2 B /& & "")2 ) " & K/2I1L K!I11?L & "+ )2 & & " K/2I1L )28 :9 ;K/2I1L )2Z :"+ ;KHI-/R?L $2) :&;KHI-/R?L /2) :/\; 7=

25 $0/ # 8&! BGG7= BGGB>BGG@ BG>BD%BGCB> " BG>B@ /&! & R 8,? 3! 4 &G : +; " 5 + )& 2 2 R+ H+=? /8 K$** 7BB=L )+ ' &+ 1 K 17BBL< ' * * & *&& Editeurs multimédias ) & :2 &K1 *7BBBL#2,U KE0H] U.2AA@L;/ "'" '< 7@

26 $0/ #! <& & < " " ' <&: &7;! ' + <, + 0& < 2,U & &' E,!& ' ' )2 : KO 7BBL?)1K2 N +L; 8 &7/2 &K1 *7BBBL 1.2 Discussion 2, + " < & : % & %; / + < <: &; < : ' & ; + " & &,+ " " ' M, 7D

27 $0/ # & &:&;1 +: & + ; M 5& &)!, " < < <! +%% ' <& +,,<& ' < ' < " K$ * 7BB@L * & " "< 5& " : ;< 2 &N & &I +< )28 ' F " "5 ' " "+ * ' &, &, 3,, + %& )2,& " & "", "4K- $ 7BB=L 3 Dictionnaires 2 + )2 "" " + " & " "+ ": ;"P 3.1 Du support papier à la mise en place d outils multimédias ) :/RHK- AA>L; GBBB & & ' & &: ;* " 7G

28 $0/ # ),'F & & 2 &+ & * + % / 9 " 5 % /& & ', " + " " & & ', " : KR/?FWL)28 &, ' & % * &,*" * & & " & " F " & & : &=;/& + '< 8 &=? & "% 3.2 Projets multimédias! &K2 820O7BBLKN 27BB=L /& &%5 ""& +2'" &" 9 "& + ")2" 5 ' & 7>

29 $0/ # 2" 2 + &"5 ' &KN 2AADL"% "M '" &P)& &"5 " &,, + + &" 1 / + & & Discussion ) )2 + & &! + ** K** 7BBBL, & 6 <& < "" & "? " & + &' & < K 7BBBL, " 5 )2? "< * & 5'+<& <+ 4 Reconnaissance / Synthèse / Traduction ) & & & & "," 5 )2 % &Z +PZ PZ ' P! %, & 4.1 Reconnaissance )<+<, " &, / & : ; ' 7C

30 $0/ # < ), ' " * /!: ; 2,+: ; F & " 8 &@ &<, Capture,, ' : K$E7BB=L ;& "K$AAGLK$7BB7L ) " " < '?+ < " & " & ^ )< & " < ' <, < < ) +, "< & " '< ' F + " + ) "& + & & " 5 < & ") 7A

31 $0/ #, & K$ AAGL " & K$$7BB7L & Nature du vocabulaire ) < & & " ) & ) &)2 "5 ) & + 2 M&+ &KE.E$$ 7BBBL &+ ' KR&*!1AAAL! 5 K$AAGL )" + & & M % 5 &! " & )2 F+, 2 &M &! &M & &. ) & 5 &'+ : ; I & & " + :+ &< ; $ " & & ' & + K$AAGL )+ & K!I11?L )28 " 5? " ++ " & < K!?1!?L )28 _ K?1RIX?L )28 =B

32 $0/ # ) &+% : &D; & " % & $ < &+:% &; + 6 & 5& :% & ; 8 &D% &%& & ': K$AAGL; ), 2 << " +< " $ $ K$ $ 7BB7L, & 5! &, " 5 &+ " &: &, " ;!< &, "! <+ " ` &, <'< ' : &=;!9 +" + << <+ "<& <5' & "I ", :;_ : & " &, " ;! 5, & &! ", + + "'M Reconnaissance " + &, % % " =

33 $0/ # % ", E : 0 ; * + % & E +& " ' + + *+ 2 E ' " &M ++"'M/ ' " & '" + * " R& KR& 7BBL & & &K8/))?L 2) "& + +? Q" & & Interprétation & & + ',M + + :$ 2&U;/ <& M & + " K$AAGLK2&UAAAL &, "/ % + % & " + & : & + + &+; 1 K2&U AAAL &. # K$AAGL + / +" &, " *+ =7

34 $0/ # 4.2 Eléments de discussion : pistes de recherche &, % " 1"< ' & <,, " + " Q < " & + " + &,!+ & &, " +'"! " & +' Q"+ 5 * &, & & 5, & "" " 2 " H " : 8 &G; KRI/HF?L )28 7 7' =K*EHL )28 8 &G )283) *, &, 7 1 & :*AC=;* & ==

35 $0/ # </ & 34, "' /& &KRI/HF?L )28 # >/ & & : &;/& " ' ) &K*EHL )28 &, " " & & # ;/ /& K*EHL )28 & ")+ 354 & " 3F ' 4 )+@, " &,& 1V & 7 & ; K*EHL )28 : & ; :! & KRI/HF?L )28 : &, "; & )%%%%%%%%%%% &,%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% : & +;! : &,; & & H+@! < & &, & &7 * + "5 % KRI/HF?L )28 & % ) & + = +" &@ = F & + & =@

36 $0/ # % K*EHL )28 & % & +' & : '; +!' ) & ++5 & F && ", %) : ";! &75 &, F+ +KRI/HF?L )28 ' & &"" "!5 & ' & ' + 5 ' " ) 5 ', * 9 & 5 ' & ) & " 5 " '/, & " + + ) &, "+ ',& / & & +, T T & T K2U AC@L /+ 5 & & ) + ", =D

37 $0/ # + : [; " /& " )+ 5 &, "! " ) ""3& [! & " 1 & +!?K)8AAAL!&: &>;" ' )283' 4 ) R + &! )7 ) + R+ )7 8 &>- '+ =G

38 $0/ #! & &>) + )7 & " " + *& &'<,+, " ) & +. ", "& &F & )2 "" &) && & & " ) %& )" "& ' + < < " '+ "<& 5 '& ""2 + &` ' " & +:+5 &;& & / 5 3)&9 ' 43 +' 4, % ) " : )&I' ; " & < &+ "< && 4.3 Systèmes de traduction automatique : animation, génération et traduction F, " &&'& + " "), & & )I)2 & & & +' & * & & 1 + ", + & + =>

39 $0/ # " " " ' Animation F < & &! < ' <' < &" + U+ <+ < 5 & && &!< + < & " '+ ' U+:N +K2 N +L;' :R/2/*2HK2 R LN+;1 N + & " *+ ^&, " M &, " "" & )2 F &' <5 <& " ^+U+ +6< 5! ' < " =C

40 $0/ # 8 &C2, 2 <& < 5 <+ "<+"< ' < " + < +< ' ) & &?, ' <, & " <, 0:K) IAAC 7BBBL K- %2 7BBL;,E,KOU,7BBL +K)+"H AACL & & ) + < &<+ &+,!, + + : ; +& : & ' ;) & < <&& ", /< ',!" + + & ),< <& & Génération d énoncés + " ) + & <, "+ < =A

41 $0/ # ) + %+ " "< &<,& ' &'< " F,+ " 9&,,+ ", 5,+ "" & " )" & & " &5 & ) F & &+ )", & + : ; )& ) 5 " &+ &? &! 5 : ; & " + &?, " + &,&? & 2 -):2 &- 0&&;%2/-1:K %2/-1L + ' & : ;) & E," " " & " F & " ' +: &, + + & & ; F &, *, M % : "& &

42 $0/ # % & & % <&, && <& & "!K)&I*7BB=L " &&,32 &N & Intégrer la génération dans une architecture envisageant la traduction ): &A; + &, && + K!AA=L #!) / 2 " 2, "! #! #!& 8 &A, "K!AA=L & && + & &, & " '"&, ": 7; ":

43 $0/ #?, & &' && 1 %"" " H-HH -H K..07BB7L /& )&2 & ), </ & *" +&, ")2 ) + ',, " + " " " & 5 & 3/,&U+4 +' :3/43, &U+4;),&3/4 + % & >/ & )2 * " + )2, 3 4", " ", ")&2 & F & & ": & ; & & ' * " 5, " & " &: ) )2

44 $0/ # H? Ka)O O7BBBL2)N 0+K2)7BBL *, & &, "& & " & + " )2 & " "* + " &, " & + :H-;& :)8-;! +" 5 + : %+ ; H--bc/d + <+ /)<++&- <++"+ ' <"+/ < < + ) &&& ):-;<+M +&- 8 &B? +' + Ka7BBBL ) & + % +& 2) ', " & & 2) " " " " &, ',, " H-

45 $0/ # 2) 5 ) & 3/,43 H?*E 7 4 D 8 &2, =+ '<3/,4! + & " 9 :%; R 2 *2HKe2ff/ 7BB7L! R/2/*2H + "*OKO AC@L'!H:! H,; G ) &!H & * +!2 :! 2; D KH?*EL 2) + " & )" & < " ' < + & < *<" M& + G!2/-1?2 "<)2K)&I7BB@L &

46 $0/ # &!2:! 2;%!2 2) : 2 &)&&;* ",E 2-:E! 2-;" + )!2 & "& + F!2 & " ' : ; & 3+< 4 &7!, +:; :,; 2%:,; 8 &7)!23)+ 4 ) ' +!2: ; " )!2& ' <,, "! R/2/*2H <& ", E 2- '!2 2) > : & =; & & & & " :

47 $0/ #, ": &; '< <E, sent, sem: mode:decl, index:sent, restr:[ sit:sit, reln:exist, location: ref, Indl1), arg: ref, Indgreek1), args:[ index: ref, Indgreek1), count:number:pl, restr:[ sit:sit, reln:bowl)]), index: ref, Indl1), restr:[ sit:sit, ground: ref, Indv3), args:[ index: ref, Indv3), count:number:sg, restr:[sit:sit, reln:sink)] )])])])]) 8 &=?< " E 2-3+U 04 - KE 7BB@L ) ' & 3 4*!' &+ * & "& &/, + + & & &F +&," " & 3 4/& &=! & ' + * ' & 9 :) ',& 5,&;/ & & &' =! ' & "'& & &" 5

48 $0/ # ' & %, ",& 1&& ' =! 4.4 Eléments de discussion! & ",:H-H; +)28 " ' " + 9! & ', " + + "! 55+ ", & "", &? ' &* " &+& & 1 + &! " & * '," & " )!H & 5 & "/ & 5 & 2 ++, "6" /,+,&&, & &7? + 5 Conclusion : envisager la génération d énoncés 2 & ' : ", " ; ", & & " " &

49 $0/ # " < &' 2" & & & &5, " " < 2< " <)I )2 < & 5 "!, "& "' 5 < " 6", "' 1 & 7 / && ' <, "1""& % ) + % ) " 2 &+ +! :& ; < "& 1 & " ' " & & ""& %& ) %" - *& & + K! AACL* + " + & QK$

50 $0/ # 5.1 Description et nature de l Architecture proposée " && & " ), " &)28 '' & &+ ' & *, O?, K?,O7BBL2) :2);K) 27BB=LKH,7BB=L! "&, % ++&: & ; % & %& : ; %

51 $0/ # & %& H )&& & )I & %& * & )&& & :)-; & & J & " * & " % & )&& :)-7; & & J & " * & " % & F % 8 &@ "& 8 & Problématiques Hypothèse de la représentation interne d un énoncé! )2 O?, K?, O O, 2 AAGL' " & ' & & &? & %' )2 & & & &) & " ) & "" * & " & " + *& &! 3 & " ) & DB

52 $0/ # "& ' 4K! ACAL ) & *" " 5& *, ) K) 7BBBL", + &," & &, " Q & "+ 9 & " ' %*' 5 & ", 5 * % " & & " 5 : ; : ;?& I' 3 & 9 4 ) " + ) " + ) * *Q& "9 "" & &+ " ++ K*AAGLK* AA>L," & & &&, -** & $ R KR $AAGL 3) & & " &+ Q D

53 $0/ # && % "" & " 4 I ')2)5 & & ' 3 4.' &++ && / & +'%, " H " ",,+ " & Nature des représentations envisagées : représentations conceptuelles sémantiques. ) "" +' & & ", & ' & &&! )2 &+ Q +,+ " C 3"&&& +< " 9 " &, & " ' Q< < <+' " " ) & & < && < & + " ' <, + + ),+ ""& ", & " 4K!7BB7L * &" + " & ")2 & & ",,+ " + 9 " ) & +'& ' C ) +" D7

54 $0/ # 1 )2 & T &1' Universalité des représentations ) " & && + %& 32 " & & + ") ' 3 4 ' & &' & ' 3 4 & + 9', 3 4K!7BB7L /, %& & " " & & # %& " "'"& < " ' '& & & %& : ; %& & '< &&#: ;& 5 & & " " & % 9 % & " 5 A &, )28 & " ' %?" "+ ")2P A )<,, D=

55 $0/ # %?" & &+ && & 9 P 2 & +, M '')28 %?" )2 &P % ) " +, ' &, "' ++)&P ' '" " + &! & K 7BBBL 5.3 Envisager la génération ) && &, "< < & <, ") %& '+ ' && ' && " T " & * & & " 1+ && : & ;' & ' <5< & " & * D@

56 1 > " '&&' &' " )& 6! 7$6! ) 6 8$#6 #!! 9 " '!!-!* 9 #:*!* #" ) 6*.$; < 6 #0$ 6! 6 ) )&! /!*!!* *! )& * 6$!! " 6 6 )& )6&' $, & * )!!))" ) " $ )"! #=-0.*!!)-." ) "! $ 7B? & & 7 R "K 7BBL< *K** 7BB=L DD

57 /#=!!) 1 Présentation générale de la LSF 1 " ' <"+< & & <:;& & ' :7;" ' < :=; :@; & & :D; & +:G; & :>; " "" " + " 1.1 Composition paramétrique des signes nominaux ou verbaux / & " & "" & &? AGB )2 20 K20 AGBL + &/ ' &*, O $& KO? $& F ACGL " M " &+ " < *<'," ' < )+ &+, " 6 <& " 2 & % & % < % <6 & % % "& &!, 5 & " & DG

58 /#=!!) K 7BBBL <& K AA>L & 6 &", &*< &?" + <, &+ <K 7BBBL 1,6 77 ' & + ) 5, < & < & "< " : &+ ; * *K**7BBBL<& "20 7= <&<,<& & " & "< "" & &/ < &' ' ) & &KHIF*E?L )28 : &D; & < " < < & K /ZF?L )28 K*I1H*HL )28 K?W?/?1*?L )28 K?FL )28 K**7BBBL F &5 ' + 77 F+ 7=! 20K20NAAL " 3 & 4 < D>

59 /#=!!) >! ' ) > 8 &DKHIF*E?L )28 )<< &+K?1*I1H?L )28 & &<<*" " & +< + " < K**AA>LI ' < ) &K?1*I1H?L )28 < 3 4 " "& & < 5 <<& < ) < 1.2 L'espace de réalisation des énoncés ) & % & * & < <* " ' < < < "<2 :H2; 62< H< & <?<" :?HF; )< & 5 ' " & Les trois dimensions de l'espace )<<+ " & <, + + DC

60 /#=!!) <+ '< < * & & < & " ' < & & " 3, "4 ' KN AAGL*" Q < La dimension temporelle ) " ' & 7@ K**AA>LKAACL<< <<,.& ' ). << & & < F &+' & +' < :;)<< Z' < < + )< " & K8/1/L )28 I M < < < * &G6 < & <) S< SS< SF 7D &+<"+! + ' 7@ I && " <,< 7D )5 5 & < DA

61 /#=!!) G I/2?*/?8/1/3 G 4?1!1HJ?1G I/2 I/?*/?3 G 4 8 &G! < < F< <)2:2) $2)!2); &"<'"K?,7BBLK?+&% AA=L La dimension discursive régie essentiellement par le regard. )&<& &!<&+ < " & ' < ' < ' <'& :& < " ' & <; <. < < 5 "< & " )< ' " " " % +< < &+ % 1.3 Iconicité 1K27BB@L, + < )2?, + "< )I )2 & "K!A>>L" "< 2 & GB

62 /#=!!) )&&:2); & 'K2A>CL" K$& A>AL!< " + KH+7BBLKN 2L "<)2! + " + < & "< & K 7BBBLK**AAGL K?+&% AA=LK2%7BB@L < <& < & "? K 7BBBL < <& & '" "< & " +<& & <?" )28<'* *"< )28 <+ <&< / & &K**AAG7BBBL)& ' < + & " 7G!<Q3-/ 4 && <3 4<Q<3 4! & ' & 7> )28' < << )& " + *& +& < " ' < % " 7G < & & 7> 2 * *& &:*AAG;<" M )28 & & 34' M' + ++ *<"< ** G

63 /#=!!) T & &. ** 7C 2 &, % ) +, " " & & & % ) < + < & & &,< & " : ;' + & : ; % ) ' &<& :<& &; &/<& < Q< * & K2 7BBL 5' & * & && '+& && * % < % < & % <5)2 E,)28 % < & % < 3 & "46< ' < & )< )2' & 7C 3 ) " < & ' + & <, " < %& "" ' 4K**7BB@L K2%7BB@L G7

64 /#=!!), * )2 &, & " &"<& & 1 <, 5 <, "+ )& 6<&?5, &6 && & < & " & " T " -/ 6 " < ", ' '< 5 " &, K 7BBL < & " " &+ +", K) 7BB=L 1' KO+-AAGL < <& - *& 7A *" " && && * K) 7BBLK AACL< M" <<& < " +, 1.4 Simultanéité des informations 7A *A>B && ', ", & ) & < %& && & < && & < /<& "& & " & G=

65 /#=!!)!<,<+ & " % & "& % & <. < % " "Q & 5 5 &*<" ' <5,<, <&& 1.5 Spatialisation des relations sémantiques )< <," "< )& 2 & ) <&" < & & + * =B "<+ " 5 & < <" + I & < %* 5, & " 5 < < & & ": ;'<+ )"< ' % < & < & " = )< < =B 34 ")2 = " * &+1! & "< 2+ G@

66 /#=!!) " )< +< &< & & &%5 &3+ 4"! & % + 5 " < & 2 & '< <.< & & &< ' < & ' ) & < & + K 7BB7L" & & <,& % &' < % &< ' % + < % < 6 & + % I < <+ " ) K) 7BBAACL, <,+ & "6 +,+ "& & "6< " 1.6 Verbe et LS ) + ' < < & ', " <+ " & ' F + 3) &+: & )&0; " GD

67 /#=!!), "/ & " " & & & Q)& " " & & " 4K =7 *< " < 2* *+)285 & 1 J& )+ +&, < & " * && S& S KH A>>L / < " <,,+ " + & K**AAGL 1 & " " )+ +Q & % """+ 1, "J & " )+<< <+<+ *< & Q+5 &!< ', +"! &)2 +!+ & S+ S! + < " & '<! + " & < <& < /<" " + " < S' S =7 R K AACL GG

68 /#=!!) 6S ' SS' S" & < / < "< + < " <! <& 5"5 1.7 Ordre des mots e & + <, /<& <M<& &, Analyse syntaxique )< & <+<&+,, " & & &" <+ + <2),J+J+:2RI;: <<& ; ")28<,2IRKXAA=L" K2IF/2L )28 K*EHL )28 K-F?HH?L )28 3) &4 K?L )28 S SK8?L ) K?L )28 K$I/H?L )28 K!? I2?L ) < &I& * + & +" <<+ &g"'< <+? ", " + &g " " 5*<" )<+< 5 &<?" +& Analyse orientée sémantique 2, +<, "< <,, " ', "? "<,<, " G>

69 /#=!!), & *" <+ ' && <" + *<' + & " &) K) 7BBL < )&0 K)&0 AAL + < ",+ " )< <, "+&+ '" "<M &, " 5 <& &" && & == 2 < < " & % " <& + < *, ' &:*! K 7BBBL; + &< [! < :+ D; " 3) ' + ' 4 :+; :; :; : & ; =@ H$)? 8 _ &*E?R?FW & /?? == <,+ +, " +P K**7BBBL =@ *1 " "< < GC

70 /#=!!) >& KH$)?L # & * & # ) ' 2 H+D2"&3)'+' 4! < K** AAGL & 3) + 4 < KH$)?L )28 =-._ &'K*22?L )28 * < "& '' & / & " " < < "&'< & " 2 )+ "<< 3I & " & =D ' <+ )< < ' < I+' + + ' + < + " << 4 / &< <,+ " < < &/,+& ' * *"3) " ' )28" ' & &J &JR+ & &JR+ &J ' &JR+J &4 =D 2 & GA

71 /#=!!) <+ < + "" T + && : ; < < " < " & 1.8 Conclusion : Les paramètres à retenir pour l'étude d'une forme verbale ' ++< + " ' " & '<&" K 7BBL K ) 7BB@L & & & & ) " & +, " " ' & ' & " / +< &" <M &, F, % < & % <&< & % 2 Un apport : les Grammaires cognitives! & -* -]*! & ", <+ 2.1 Généralités *< & & " )&0 K)&0 ACGL H, KH, ) L 0 K0 AC=L < & &&< >B

72 /#=!!) &&& & )&& + & && + )&&5 '+< + 5 &< " && && &? & "& 9 ' " < ) & F & 9 $ K $AA=L5 & "< & & T< && 2 & < & & )&0" % < # )<& " " + ' " < J * + " & 1 & 0 & < %'3& "4 & && & < & < & % # < 3 " <+4 < "<& % <!< & <" + "' < : < ; * ' & ") && "" < " >

73 /#=!!) * & && "<, & I " <, & &,' < *<"& '< )&0& <,+ " 3-,,,,+ & &,+. 4 K)&0 AAL ) & + ' & " " ) ' " F + % ' * " < 3 & 4 ' <! <! ' :; "<, < & &:& 0;" < Z,& + ") &J&KH,AC=L) & " + * '+<, 3&4, % < ' &# % <+ +# % &+ 2.2 Intérêt des GC pour l étude des formes de la LSF &-* % <,& & < & &&# % <& &, "# >7

74 /#=!!) % &<& "# % & & & & " "# % " & & " & # % &, < && )& & <, ' <, )2*& & 3 "4? < & < : & " ; & &&*" &,' ", && 5, F && < "? ' "& )2,' +,, "? -*< I<)2 & ' & 5 : &' + < <.<" ; =G 2.3 Insuffisance des modèles classiques 1 & & & ",)I - F *0, - &! +, 1, " &&! & "&& =G & & * + : ' '* K 7BBBL; >=

75 /#=!!) )",' " )22 & + & && &+ +)2'! )28 " & 2I+R+ "& & )I ) ", " & & " 1 &", ", ), " & 0, ' + & " ' " "& I & :,&; & & ' + ")&2 & & Q ' " ", " & "55 "& "5 +," ", & && / &+ && &+&&& )< " ',, " < && & " : +; ) " & & ' "' "-* & "' && " ' & ) ' ++ ' && &I)2&. ++ & +',& >@

76 /#=!!) 2.4 Exemples de travaux faisant explicitement référence aux grammaires cognitives 1 % + <, <)2 - *& 1 " & ) H, )2 ) < < )2' < & "/ ",, % " + 33' < 0 < " Talmy ou la comparaison entre LO et LS H, KH, AC=L & + + < + " *< " & + " 2, " "? " < F " 5 ", <& : &' & )&0; % ) : ; " " & & "+ + & *"<+& + ) +& & " " & + ) & < & " + " & 9 )& && " ) && : &; & "" >D

77 /#=!!) )H, & +" : " %5; " * & "& :+; + )& & " :;< % ), :? ); " '? 3T 4 " *, & & " &+: % '% < &+ ; + : 5< &;&< " < & + :3 43& 4;+ <& % ), < " <?&,< J : & J&;)< < & + <+ : " ; ", <& + &:, + "; % )", + ' ' '" ' *<',"), K, 7BBL & & < 3 & && U 0&& U+ & 2 >G

78 /#=!!) U &2 &&&0 U, & &,/,, /, +& %0& &, U + /M ) M " &+? < & " "< ) & " * ' " + " &+ * & ) ")2 "& "< " + ) & & " " +, + : ; ) H, )2 < 7G")I< "G, O?, H, K?, 7BBBL K?, 7BB =L ' + < 9< & " ), H, " % F & )I)2 5,, && < & 2<,, % )2 >>

79 /#=!!) 3H &&& +&, & &,,& U & Irit Meir ou l'analyse de verbes d'accord à partir du modèle de Jackendoff / K 7BB7L,+<< 0K0AABL,Q " " +) + +" <: ;' &2 " :+ ; * +< 2, % ) < "Q+ % ) "+,' : " & & "; <, &' & " % )<+ ' ")2 %? + ' &&& & & & <, <, & ", % "' & * "?+K!I11?L /2) 3 ' 4 % &' :3 4; '<& + < &5&2<,< + <& : ;+ : +;? +" : ; >C

80 /#=!!) 3+0U4+/,, % " + % < " ", "<+ % " "+ F + < < & < < < ' "<+ * 5 2 ":0; )<,Q "0, F + < ' & & " + * & " & + " : ; I $?/1H8I HI-I- ) & 'Q " HE??$FH2IF*?-?1H H/?1H?, " < & :34;< F % < Q &<+' # %, " ')H,:)<& <&, ") H,;F&< /, ' < & >A

81 /#=!!) $0/- *:α-:+0γ αβ;; :/αxβ; $0//*)* *:α-:β αβ;; :/αxβ; 8 &>,/2)!< <+ & +' + )5 ",' 3H, &U 0& /2) H + +, +, & I+ " *, ' < + + " "& ) 5 <, *< "' ) +34< <, "< <& ) &K!I11?L )28 &"' &< &" + "'< <& < T < '< 1 < T < + & CB

82 /#=!!) ) <& < << ) < ' < & < < + :' < ; Lidell et la théorie des espaces mentaux empruntée à Fauconnier! & ' < & & "/,Q & +<5 K8 -AC@L! &" & + < )&0 K)&0 AC>L ) K) AADL & &<2) M &< "F&,,< Q "<! < ) &,<5 ", " </ )<:34; /<& < & <, "!"& <, " < & &,+ " " & Q " & " < <& " 2 ) "& " &" < & </<, & 5" &%5 C

83 /#=!!) )+ +< & & " &,,5 * : & +;", " )"<, < & >/ )<+ *< ' " & <" &Q<& /,< & < & ' < )<,+ " ) &< & ) 30 4<%'% < &, & & ;/ )<! & " " < & ' & + " '? " * & " & "<', "' < /<& &<+ <,+ " <&,!" &,+ " < "2, & : ' < 9; % T C7

84 /#=!!)? < <)2 " ", < <!< < & " " & )< &&< &, & I<& "' 1<% & & "1' < I & &" ' ", & < + +<& <,+ " &< < 2, ) * ' <,)& & / + <, & ++ & " & F, + &6 3 Présentation de la GAC 3.1 Situation du modèle par rapport aux grammaires cognitives existantes? AAB! - F ",& *K2,2 O A>>L & < Q &, <& %, " ++ & : + + [; Q & &&& && " C=

85 /#=!!) *< &, " ) - *& & 6 ' & & &&* & + ++) &, " '+, ', && => 2 + "&- *& & "" % ) : & >; & ' ' " "< && # )+ < # % )<, =C &6 && && < <, '< *, '+& # % )< + 5, ++ +# % ) "? ' " 5 ' & % ) & + + => 3) "< M : ;< && & & '< & &&?, " &4K!AABL =C H '+ & <Q <Q& &) " &, & +' + 3 4<+K0AAL* R &KR *ACGL C@

86 /#=!!) ++ )28 & &) K 7BBBL!< & ' -' C18&& ' -C2!> ''8. CN C$ 0 '&& &C18& -C18& -!@ -' &1 2* 18&&1 2* 2!; C 8 &C -* 3.2 Analyse d'une forme verbale dans la GAC et présentation des différents niveaux )<, < + 9 ' < 3 ' 45, % 2, "<, " -@%AB.@&A-@,A.-@%A.-@A ".-@%A>. ::;:' ;; %,Q " "-B /!*/&'*> /. % 2 %& '?"/' C & "> CD

87 /#=!!) & && Niveau 1 : Représentations sémantico-cognitives F & %& & <,< *, ' + )+ G"", / + ++ ) ) $& * * + H H+G,< *& &? +&,?)2 &,! 3,4, ) " "' & < & +<& &< & ",+ " I & " ) "& '< < + & + '& : + >; CG

88 /#=!!) Statique 2/H /1:); L eau x) est dans eo IN) la casserole Loc) H+>?< " ) " + & % & ", ") " & '< 34:IFRH;3& 4:*E1-H; " < & < <F " 3) 4 +C Cinématique 2/H IFRH 2/H?W:); /1:);; L eau x) coule dans la casserole loc) Coule-dans est exprimé par un état initial x eo EXLoc)) et un état final x eo INLoc)) H+C2 " ), " <, " < " "& / +M " & < 3 8/?4 3*I1H4 38/?4 < "3*I1H4 Q <%'% 5 ) + A 3 4 C>

89 /#=!!) Paul y) met de l eau x) dans la IFRH 2/H 2/H casseroleloc)?w:); /1:;; X *I1H8/? H+A, "!< & +3H?)?I46, " <&3??46 5& ) & +<5 & " &< )<+ 2, & ' " %& & & ' && < < && < #'+& & "+K!AACL Niveau 2 : Opérations langagières /& & %& + /<& ' "< & <& & &< ) 7&& </ F&" + & < CC

90 /#=!!) :c 7[d; *<' "< & ' : ' ; )<& & & <,'< & "+,! & & + & ) & " + & < & " >/ F%,& ' <3< &4? %H:c 7[d; 32 &45 +' + & K% &b?8): &<;L6?8)??8)bN N+ & "+ " " '" < "N,b,,!6< % &bn : &;b & 9 % *, < %?R% 22? 8 +?R% 22?c2?%2I/-1?)d?R% * & &" < % )< < " " Niveau 3 : Configurations morpho-syntaxiques F & %, ", " "&, "), "& " CA

91 /#=!!) <, ",' ') '& ' & +)<, ',& 3.3 GAC et topologie )& & " " & & "& ' "+M 2 5 " /<& <& 3 + 4" & < "< & & < < * ' <,)I*)I*:;: &,; & ": &C;!.0 ".0.0 "C ".0 AB

92 /#=!!) 8 &A & " 1'<, & "& " + & " =A '" & & %5 +!H ) + :H); </ 8I%?WH:)I*;<?WH:)I*; )I* >/ 8I%/1H:)I*; /1H:)I*; )I* * &A?WH:)I*; 8Y?WH:)I*; /1:)I*; 8/1H:)I*;V /5 8 &7BH + %1 % ) < & ' & " =A!& " < I < + & & +! T4' &)<< ) && " ' + ' A

93 /#=!!) % )<, " T -* & < % ) & " + % IK!7BB=L H)'<, X <, < 3.4 GAC : structures opératoires aux trois niveaux de l architecture Opérateur / opérande : l'opération de base ) -*+ X ' W X a & hxw )+ ' & XW :XW; ) ++ & /,+ 3 4 XX XW: &7B; K LX W XW 8 &72?, <3) +4 ) + 2 :+;? :+; : ; :::+;; : ;:::+;; A7

94 /#=!!)!" + ),F hw'" &,h KWL! & hi+, h+ ),, +, KLKXi+LKWL KXW+L 8 &77, H :, ;, *" & : & " ;)" ", " +? & " 2 34 "' 3/ &<43, <",+* ): +; " 3 4 < < +</1 % )I*" < ), I & "& " ", 9,+ ", " %& ), " " & "!, +&,, ", A=

95 /#=!!) % & "/1< " < "', : ; 6< "'3 4 )1%d) 1 /1)%d) ):;) /1:):;) Unité linguistique *, & " & ', 2 & "" '&' '< & "2 & +& " + &&* && < " "& 2 & "" & & < < ) & <& < ", & "" &<& )< & "" < < & &! <& & < Structure opératoire aux trois niveaux : A@

96 /#=!!) 1 =* & %, " ) & ": ; & " )Q ",, "",& " '*, - *& " ' %'&hj' hj%!,, " & & <',+:,h,hk,&,h ;!<3 +4, &'" k :jk;jk+ '::jk;j:jk;;jk k kj ),, "Q+,, " ' k :jk;jk kj :::jk;j:jk;;jk k k :jk;j:jk; :jk; jk 8 &7=?<,, "< ) +? " :?;, h&,,/--">.--...b AD

97 /#=!!) * < 3' * %': ; 1 7I && ),&, ',+h:;h: ; &,I, :;),,# :;2,,I,, 1&, KI, LK 7L K,: ;: 7;L " "" Q :, I,; Q :,; :,,; )+ < :?;5 ' 1 %& )< :?;, " 5+ & 3 '4 * & 2 2 %*& :22*;" "' ) ' 34: 3 ' 4<, "" Q& +" * & ' < 5 + < & "+ : + ; AG

98 /#=!!) '< +< +% &,, %&,!% : " Q;,.,h#, &,l m6 )I*:,; )I*:;,h) )? IFRH8/?*I1H, " " ", " )% :k;,2/h, "#,,& ) & h%' %&? "< &hh h + B,%AB,%A ) h%' ' & & + <& + & 0$:%+-=,->:;+--#:-.D.--#:-.D... $-E:%+=,>:;+#:.D 1$@?:%%8"F E:%+=,>:;+#:A R K!AABL & "+ A>

99 /#=!!) 1 )+ W "+ *+ Q & Polysémie des unités lexicales dans la GAC F +&, " & + +22** & " + & * & & + " F5 & 5' F& : ;' & & & ' + )& & & " ", "F & 5 & ' 5, "*"& + ", "& & 3.5 Annie Risler ou l'étude des relations prédicatives dans le cadre de la GAC? < < & & <, )28? )&0 *! <, < < <& & " )28 < & " " <? <& & )&0 & & 5 < + < '+.)&0 +, < + ' & & AC

100 /#=!!), ",& " ", ") % & % & % " 5 < % ", * " & & % ": &;' & ",& " F & *% < &? < * ", < <!< &' Notre démarche d analyse! < " )28 % < & T2<, < <& & < %& SSC + So Schème prédicatif orienté intégré dans l'espace dialogique? Traces formelles AA

101 /#=!!) 8 &7@H %& & < < 1,, ",,, +<, & )<, + M %& & + * &, " " <& <,c HH7d6 + *< & && P ))2+' " ' )I5 & " &+! <& % && 5 ")IP )<,<<%%"'<,)2P! "< + < ' < 7 : && ; " " : %& ; BB

102 $ *' ; / 8! * 8 ) * 8!* 8 )!* 8 )! $ %) " ) " )!! G *! -.* ) * C!! ) D $ 8!)/ 8 #! ") )! 8!)) $ 8 #) )*)! )! $ 8 #)! C $ ) ) 6 $? "! 8!) $ #! 6 )& ) #=$ #)! #! * * 6)! " )!) B

103 1/,! $ # 8 9' / -* / I+ & 1 Configurations manuelles et types sémantico-cognitifs / & & " & 2 :2; * & " + & ' " I + & "< 5 * & "& " +, Q T 1.1 Spécification d'une forme ) & " & " & <+<&+ K?, 7BB7L "<' ' & 3 4 ' & < )& B7

104 1/,! I))28 < & <2) + &' "< & " + " 3? & & & & 5 4 K* AAGL** & & & " " 3) ' M & ' & 3 & %, +'", 4 " " F M < & '< && ) ' $& O 3, & * U + 4K$& O A>AL 2<, 3 < 4 5 & ' ' ) < &+ < 0 % 3/,:,;4 % K X2L )28 KR?1HL )28 ) &KR?1HL )28 "+ " &'<6 &K X2L )28 /, % 3),?4 % K X2L%)_KR?1HL &KR?1HL & S*S " " F B=

105 1/,! < < : ;' 2 ' <+ 34K2+ 7BBBLK27BB7L" & +-& 2 1 & 1.2 Caractérisation structurelle et formelle 1 & )28 "<, "< % < & % < & &+, 8 N 2 & *.0C /! & &/? 5 5 & 5 & 5 & "?, < * ) & : &7D; 2& & B@

106 1/,! 8 &7D &! & + < ' " 'Q &* & " 5 : &7G7>;! & Q :,;+:);! &+ "+) '< 34< 5 2 1:,? 8:);; IFRH 2 7,? 8:); 8 &7G* & <+ 2 1:,? 8:);; 2 :,? 8:);; *I1HV8/? 8 &7>* & '< <& ) & hw "< < H+) & 3 &3 4 < <& ) & "",! & : & / 1.3 Traces formelles de certaines catégories sémantiques BD

107 1/,! 2<" <,"<& M & % & * 9, ' & < & '&/,, ""& K AACLK AADL" & )28 & & " <& + " " <& + +Z * " & & K8I?HL)28 && < & '& +? ") & & : & ', " ' & ; ) +&&& " &! &,, " )28) ' 5 5 & "!,/ & ' :; & & '!5 & & ', :; :; % : & '; )&,) ) "" '&,+ " & %, "" ' 9 3& & : &7C; BG

108 1/,! 9 C..200 &2 *8CC & / -& B '&& & 9 8 / * 9'& : & / -&& -& I+H,[+ I!H,:;!:H,:;; 8 &7C, " KH$)?L )28 %'%KR??L )28 % )<, &7A % F ) & < H+ ):H+; % F & 3 4 % F&<3H+39'4 4 : ) ) H+ I ))! )):H+; )!:):;; 8 &7A! < 1.4 Processus cognitifs mis en œuvre?" T < & % F< % e 9 & &< :& & "; & & " + &<+ % F< B>

109 1/,! %! <+ I <394 & "** + )2< 1.5 Classification proposée 43 1 & % / "+' % / "< % / & < & <&, '< ) & & "& " Q "< < La main est liée au corps du signeur I & 6 & & & < ) & &' < "< I+ ' <+ '< <& &!::,;; ' + & & < 2b </ * """K) 7BB7L BC

110 1/,!? ' <+, <)< 34 & I&, &, "6&Q < < * < <+ < >/ / &'<+" ' ++ <) & +< *< " Q < «descripteurs» d'actions spécifiques * & " & < &4 ' <, < & I& Configuration liée à l'entité : reprise globale ou partielle + &+ I & " + " ) " " + < F * & & % " "" 5 % " " % ":&+ ; + % " & I+ % " & ' < % " && " BA

111 1/,! % &,: *J*; < + I < ")5&+ $& "? &+ < " "< +! & + & " & " +" "<' & < '? & " &+ [*< " % :+B;),'" B

112 1/,! ) ) )&9 3'4+ ) " ) < ' < c? /1):R ;d ) +. ) + c? 8:R ;d ) &+ ) &+ c? 8?:+;d " H+B2 & ") "+. &K$?L )28 / " & " + F + 5 & " 2 < & 3 &+4 %! < & ' %!< )28KHIF*E?L )28 < '+"< K?HH2F1/2L )28 KHIF*E?L )28 %!< 3=4 K11??L )28 KHI/2/??L )28 K?1H?L )28

113 1/,! ) &K?1H?L )28 +. %! + " ** K** AAGL 3 + & 43 " + ) ' & 4 %!< 3 & 4" ' < * & 8:; 8:); 8:); + 8:);) 8:); " 8 &=B* < & 3 4 * & &< ' < + & ": &=B; 1 & "! %< & < + < / < I &5 & <""< +` <,! 7

114 1/,! & " ' %: ;< : ' ; Descripteur de formes, frontières ) & ' < < < < 1 ' <, "<&+ ) + & " " ) + ) + % 3&94# %, "<3) & 4)< " ", ", " 5 < & &+ " K-1!/L)28 < < & # %,'< " Tableau récapitulatif ) + % " < I " & & " =

115 1/,! &+! & " Oaa : Det y:a a : Dety) OaL : Loc y:a OLL: Det Top L : Locy) L: Det TopLocx))! ' +:,;'&:; & : ; Oaa : det y:a: 0a0aa :Det a :dety) a :x Oaa : Detdety) a : Detdety)x) Detdety),x) = Detdety)x) So := x! ' <!:;8:;! ' < <!::; H+ 1.6 conclusion ) & %, # % & # % %# % &, 2 Schème de repérage et localisation 2.1 Le repérage, une place centrale dans l'analyse des formes verbales Construction de

116 1/,! / "<)2<+ <,+ "<! & "< & & %5 T< % % ' < &<.< < & # % ' < < < < / <& Formes se ramenant à une relation de repérage *K*AACL 3<+, "6 < + &" % " )2 " & "& 43& Importance du repérage dans la spatialisation des relations sémantiques! + " <& < & && Q )&&& <' < & * " )28, " + & %, "! &&M T & D

117 1/,! Opérateur de repérage Z < < %5)< &M < %, 2<& & ' " + " + # Assignation de place dans l'espace de signation, T e < "< "<< & +? % < " &< &,< & & &< " *&<" ' & ' < "< &" & &&". 6 &<!< < < & " & I < <"<< & <.?:;:&; &?:; < : &;! " " & " & < G

118 1/,! 2.2 Localisation spatiale Espace topologique et locatif 1 ) 1 "< '" & " " & + + " + & " )" ' "< <& ' &+ F & " &+ ' & &+ ),) ),) " 2 &, : 5 +; &, " /:R ; ):R ; )" " & " 1" && & & ": ;!5, ' & ' +P >

119 1/,! Localisation entre deux nominaux ) )28?+ ' ) &, & "" *< " '< Z F, " + "< "<, "" +!< & " " " < " "<& " ) & + +? R :); 1 "<+ &< : < " ; 2" ) &" % % : ; % % & % C

120 1/,! *& )2 <2) K?,O 7BBL $2) K2%2 N $AAAL!<," :H+7; 7 D - 8:):,;;) 2 & :; 18& c:;? :::,;;d: &; H+72"? < & < %?,,):,; % F :):,;; & "9 )" & +& " < " < & " ::;;# % F % F :;" % F " <? )? :::,;#:;;c::,;;? I & " S S <! & < " *< " S ' SS "S '< A

121 1/,!?&& * 5&SS/55' < & & "SSSSS S! I))! )):; I ) I )!:):;!, I :!:):;;!:,; :!:):;;:!:,; K!,KL!:):;LL 8 &=, % * &= 3!4& 3)4 3!:):;;4 3? 4+ " & +,I ",: ;*,!:,; 3? :!:):;;4 & 3!:,;4 :, ;c!:,;?!:):;;d ) c:;? :::,;;d + )#7 c? )d * ' <)< <& +! + "5 '< 7B

122 1/,!? ;3F 4 RI/HF? 7 I)) 7 I))! )):R ; =I ) I? V8 )!:):R ; I! I? V8:!:):R ;;:!:*; c!,? V8!:):;d 8 &=7, < F 3 4 &): ;*!:): ;; F&: & "8" & ; "'? V8:!:):;; * "' 34 &:; &c!,? V8!:):;d ) &+2 <"& &:;b8::):r ;;? " & 8::: ;; 7

123 1/,! 7;3F '&<+" & 4 $?' *E/?1_3&4! <, I)) + I))8 ):+; I))! )8):+; I ) I? V? )!8:):+;; I! * I? V?W:!8:):+;;!:* ;? V?W:!:8:):$?;;;;:!:* ;; c!,? V?W!:):;d 8 &==, < 1 &== & " ) ):+; & " & ) &< & 77

124 1/,! $? )_ &?, 2 K?+& AAGL &5 ' & ' <+ " < / % < & &? "# % < 5 " "< < & '<,< % <:8:):+;; % < < )' 8:):+;;& < ' :;b],? )b %,:: ;;,! M " & 2 + O?, '<2)32) & & U &8 &+ + &H && & +HH,&. + &%&, && &, 4 )<, & )2 * 7=

125 1/,! )+ " )28' 5 & " & " 2 T ""& & 5 && &* & )28' 89 " F %& & +? 5" ' &, 2.3 Autres relations statiques Appartenance / Ingrédience! J )&2 & F KH$)?L )28 % &:'< ;*22?:'< ; F5: <,+ "; + "< % Possession * K*E?R?FWLK1I/L & KH$)?L)_ &K*E?R?FWLK1I/LK H?1/L /??! & c* & d/& <& ' & < 7@

126 1/,!!<% ' ' " "K H?1/L* + ' &,):;, & I F,* c 'dλ k: ;bc,):;d b e,& " &< + '< :) & ; F & < + )& 2 & & *< * ' F < * &<+ < " 3 Autour du mouvement F " < " 1' )2, & & ) &+ & & "<' : ";,+ ": & ";"? " 5&&"< ' 7D

127 1/,! /+<, & <" <, ' < Espaces de situation référentielle et enchevêtrement Intervention du paramètre du mouvement?"k 7BB7LK!ACGLK*AAGL" <& '" :< "'& ; % & & & & " & < &+<+I& && " &< " 5 # %,+ "& &# % && &" & # % % 1! " )& " /<+ /?..20C..00 & <'!<+ & ) & % < &< < & "* < 7G

128 1/,! )<" & ",,&+"& " ' "! <, & )<<& &+ " & "! < & * " :I!/8; " & < &, :< < & Y [;1 I!/8F < IFRH " " + *E-H " " && # F. <C > & 1 &<' )"<, " 7 * "5& ' < "< < Q<& "< & ' )< & <& < " < &!+,+ "!< " & & ',+ " & "6 & & < &+,! & < & & <& < )<& +&6 & &%5 " *. 7>

129 1/,! & ":" " ' " & &; ) & < 3cdc dc dc d[4 /I!/8 " & ) 5 + * 9 &" < " & " K*I1!F/?LK))?L K H/LKR?1/L < & < " "Y * bc : 7;d 2 &< b* VW " &< < & " 9 + * & "&+ ) % ' <?V3 ') 4 ) 7K /2L Dc ' [ ''d " 7C

130 1/,! &b&:;)])2 :2H; 7 ) = &b&:;)])2 )7 Dcd2 IFRH2 7 2 :::; ;? ) 2 7 : ::;;? )7 )&. :&:;; )* )&.:&:;;", )7* ) 1 c 'd : ; 7?V7K X2L )28 K8I/!L )28 K/R?L ):,; )28 X2 78I/! =/R? ) ' K/R?L "" & ): ;,): X2; 7 8I/! = c dbλc:;):,;d IFRHc:;? ):,; c d : ; ' ) &"!< 7A

131 1/,!! <, " < < & + < ' % & & Q<& +<" )& 9 < & :< & < & " Q &;" F+ Q + /<" +)2 5 )<+,34 +'<& + "<< I ' + & & & < *" < <& < < + < " & "' < <& " " '+ < & " :8/1/ *E?R?;)<& % < ", " ) " &" < ) ""< )28 =B

132 1/,! Enchevêtrement des espaces )< ' ' % &,+ " & & + F 5 &P 2 < " "< 5 I '5 " <, "< < & 1 " & & "<<&, ' *"* * 3-4< 3.2 Typologie de procès exprimant une modification spatio-temporelle. " " K 7BBBL & *< < * & & & : & ",+ "; =

133 1/,! 8 % *&! ' G / * * < J)! c2 d ' < ' < *& % ' K*E1-?L 8 &=@ % ' 4 Situation dynamiques 1 ', "%'% + 3& 4 " %!< ' & +< ) %+ % 9 +<, ' &J J ", " # % < <& ' + & < '< < ", " < < =7

134 1/,! 4.1 Changement d'espace : spatialisation de la relation agent/patient/relateur <,+ " & < + < *, " <+ Q ""Q <& < F % " & & % " 3 4 & + % " <, Q " ' + ) "+ + )9 &< &, & :" & & ; / & < "&& ; '< " &K**7BBBL )"& '< &&",,<)"<,< & * Q " & )< Q < & & " &+ 4.2 Du niveau sémantique au niveau applicatif e :;&Q<& : ;HH7 < & < & " + < " < ==

135 1/,! *&& ' < 5 "* K* 7BB7L 3! &,!<Q &<%'% " " ' /, &! <& & '<&) ""< <& 4 ) <'< ' " < " ) < & " % )&< & ' < '+< T )& %3 4 + =@

136 1/,!,! 8 &=D + <& :K!I11?LK/18I?LKI88/L[,! + :K/1R/H?L)28; 4.3 Ordre des éléments et séquence opératoire Ordre privélégié " 3 " ' )28 " ' RR ' R :6 && R+ &;4K*7BBBL * %, & % & & % " 5,< & 1 < H7 :,; H :H7; :HH7; =D

137 1/,! Incorporation du patient ) + < 5 +,< ) + K8/))?L )28 8:8 ; :; % :; K-*I1L )28 K IF22?L )28 K*EHL )28 %K2IF/2L )28 8: ; :; %KHH?L :; )28 KRI/HF?L 8: ; :; %K?*?RI/L :; )< < < H7 :,; 8 :,; H ch7::h7;;d -9 c8 :: ;;d chch7:h:h7;;dd c-9c8 :&9:8 ;;dd 3)-9) Prise en charge de l'agent ) " '" <& 1 " + < + &,* " + < &< <&** ' 6< & + &<&* &< & & <& <?$2)K &-N $7BB7L + F 3 & 0 +, 4 5 & $IX -/) 0 0 2O ) :+,; :& ;,< &)+ $IX -/) 02 2O =G

138 1/,! 2 )+ ' &n < &9 < < ' < -/) " &' "< &<& " &+ I & I 7 & ) < + <& 8 + " < "' 1 H7 :,; H ::H7;; :::H;2;:H7;]2bH F " < " < H H:H2:,;;b:::H;2;,; * &+/, & < )" " & " + 6 =>

139 1/,! + ")? % & & & ' &:8/?;# % & + &:*I1H_8/?; :8/?; % I!/8# % " Q: ; Q &:*I1H;# % 59 "*I1H_8/?# % 5 9<&H?)?I? Transitivité sémantique )"< & + Q " + " - &8 & 2& & ' ' &!/ Analyse de deux exemples : Déplacement d'un objet ou transfert )&9 '! <& ' < & " ) &!I11? & '!, <+ < < Q<& ) *I1HV8/?:IFRH:? :.;:? :.<;;]H?)?I: 7.; ) & F!," & * " * <. ' =C

140 1/,! 7" '<&<&,*& ' < 2 :2H; ) &K!I11?L & 7 " <+ W" "&< < < & * & & &1 K!I11?L7b,V VW ) & Q ) +< *" -*I18/))?)/R?!I11? 1,Loc ; Loc = loc x) J : x, y, z 2, Loc ;Loc = locy); -*I18/))?)/R? 2/H.? ) *E-H SIT2 zrep Loc 2/H.? ):; IFRH 2/H7 z REP Loc y) *I1HV8/? *I1HV8/? TELE x PASSER z à y x DONNER z à y -9 )])2 :2H; )b):; 8,,)7])72 :2H; ).!,V* * b :2 2 7; 2.) 2 7)7 K!L 7 b,v VW -9 8,,)])2 :2H; ). H:; b2 ::;2;*V8 c::.;;):;d c::.;;loc1> =A

141 1/,! 5 Conclusion? & +, + % %& % " & < &* 5 < o% ) "< & ) "< %" < %& < )< &< <& * " ' <

142 1/,! %6 % +? I % "<<,"< J % & &:; <. %! & < b / & I!/8 % IFRH < *E-H % &,+ " '< ":+ ;!X1 "&!,/ & &+ H I Q!::;2;!:;!:;8:;!::,;;!::;!::;! & &! <,! <! < <+<&! < '! < & " '<+ ' & " '<+ 8<+!<! < H,:; *&, S SS S )I*:;?? < & & " 5 2? 2 & b /

143 $4 1 ; %*2"&" # &! " #$#! *)*! ) H,$ & )& )!! $? *! *) *!! $!! )! $ ) " $% ) )& " = < $ #! & * )* )!! & #$, / ** *!" &$% #= ) " ) * )$% )! " )

144 $4 $ & $ #! )) # / 8!) ) $ 1 Démarche générale 1.1 constitution du corpus et nature des enquêtes ', & + )28 : %&, ;,<"5 ) ',')28',9 ' & + /<& <5+ & )28','<& :, & & & < & +&; " + " * )25' )I, " ' &, ' && + &, ": ;, ":, & "; *< <, < & &

145 $4? 5' & "< & 5& 9 ", ), )" + S"+ <9 5)28"," &"" S '& < )2 5 & + *<' ""5 "< < &,', "' 9 : K2FL )28,' <+' ;" <, << &I 'T "5<,, F <S S 1 < ', + & " " " 5 $ &'+ "< < ) " &K$*** 7BB7LK2 7BB7L < "" 1.2 Présentation et analyse des exemples ' < < <, + & + <&, 1 +

146 $4 + " &," %) & &' +%) ")28 %"< +&, + ' & '&! + && " ' & -* 2+ / I+ & 2 2" - + & / ' l!, m)

147 $4!+ "", RI/HF?" * & " ' : ' ;! ++ && &" )28, *'5 '"! :;! ) ' ) " & " ' "? 8 '?

148 $4! _ ll K L )28 & KL, ) ): ;? && /1 8 RI/2 &?W *I1H 8/? H?)?I IFRH *E- IFRI H:; 2&!:; ' "!::;!::;,;+, :; ] "

149 $4 I+ c d / 22 / +b 1.3 Réseaux Sens Forme )" +, " & & / % %&& + % % + % % *& +' 5 )28 l ml ml m &' & & + 5 9? )28

150 $4 2 Analyse de situations spatiales : "sous", "dans" 2.1 [DANS] LSF ou l'expression de l'intériorité )2 &K!12L )28 + ' K?,OAACL " K/1L 2) 1 "< ' <"<, " )<, %<&'<&'< < +?9 &" " & R " < "?)28 K!12L) &", " ) Emplois spatiaux I ' ' " * & + ) + ) ) & : &=G; 8 &=G) <

151 $4 % 2 :2;3) + 4 % 2"&:2-;K$I/H?L )28 %K22/?HH?L )28 %' % 3F+ ') 4 K$I/H?L 7K22/?HH?L =)! ) &K$I/H?L )28 " ) &K22/?HH?L )28 & " ' +, %2& c? /1:);d +%2)28 ) ):$ ; +b : ;? :/1:):+ ;; %2"< :$ ;b):+ ; 7 = ) c: ;? :/1:):+ ;;d * DB

152 $4 )& &:? ; :;' )c? /1:);d* + : +b ;F & "' )" :; :7; " ' &:=; D

153 $4 ) ' ) & "" '<* & ) &=> & =!1I/!6 " *&* % 23F4 % 2-3R4% 8:;_K8)?FL )28 %) % 3' 4 & % 23)4 % 2-3R4% 8:;_K?FL )28% ) % 3' % 23) '' 4 % 2-K L 8: ;_K*E/?1L%_ & Y % 3 ' '4 D7

154 $4 ) ) ) ! ) & +)+, *< " <, %2& c? /1:);d +%2 )28 ):;# +b ): ;# +b 78 7*!:;? /1:):;;? /1:): ;; 27 %2" 27 :;]:;b) 7 ::;; :; D c:;? :R :::);;d ): ; 7 ::: ;; = :;b)])? /1:): ;; 7 7+ * )&+ 5 + " ' "?7 :7+;+ & " ' " 7! 7: 7+;,? ):; D=

155 $4 ::):,;; :7; )< :=; & '< ):,;:D;?7, ) ):,; : ;:; :7; )" " ) 7 7 : &D; " ) '< < -#8./ % 23 4 % 2-*22?I)?%[% 8:;?F34 % %['9 -#8. % 23 4 % 2-%[% 8:;[%3 4 % [' D@

156 $4 H!::8:):;:;; :; & H :8:):;; &=C 5!! 3 4 &, #& + )<, "<,< *<+ :" ;" ",! <& < &, ' SS "7 ) < '<! < = < < c85d ) & 3+4 1/ % 23F54 % 2-K8IpHL )28 8:+;%K*?8L )28 % 35'9''Q' 4 DD

157 $4 85 "= )" 5, +' 5 &,I " & : & ; 3 4: & + &; F :; :; )@ " 34 4/ % 23F&9<4 % 2-3?4 8:; :; :; %_K-*I1LK?1H?L )28 % 3'&9 4 K?FL ) _K-*I1L )28 S SV! ) & "* + &K?1H?L )28 " " < /,, %2&c? :?W:);dIFRHc? /1:);d DG

158 $4 +%2)28 ):; 7/&9 &9? :?W:);; &9? :/1:);; %2" H, ) 7! :::;; = λ c1::;? :/1:):;;dIFRHc1::;? :/1:):;;d * ) " )28 /, * " :; & " 3):;4 :):;;:7; ) -9:=; :;' ):;λ: ; IFRH: 7;) & ' D>

159 $4 ) ", ) <59 9&+8,: S*S; + < )< 8 &=A&'< < 5/ % 23) 4 % 2-KRI/HF?L )28 8:*;_K*EHL )28 %3Y4 % KRI/HF?L 3*4 K*EHL 3/4! )< S*S) SWS ' < ) & K*EHL, " &, 2&c? /1:):,;; +2 ")28 DC

160 $4 )): ; +b /*!:;? V/1::: ;; 2" : ; 7!!:: ;; :; D c:;? V/1:::R ;;d ) 9) ): ; + &,3*4) "::;;" ' :? V/1; DA

161 $4 * ' F +' &! + F ':8 &@D; 8 &@B&' J % 23/,,4 % 2-K X2L )28 %KR?1HL )28 _ "" % F,' ' X2 7R?1H_!! &K X2L )28 + ) &KR?1HL )28 & ": ;)+ ' &,, % 2&c? ):,;d GB

162 $4 +% 2 )28 ), +bh? ):,; % 2" ):,; 7 _" :R: ;; = cr: ;? ):,;d *! /, :? ; ):,;' J& % % 2-KH$)?FL )28 K/2I1L )28 % 3+' 4?/ * ) : ; ' ):H+;! & + + & 3)4: + ; G

163 $4, %2&c):;? ):,;d +%2 )):H+; +b )): ; ): ;? ):H+; %2" ):H+; 7 ): ; = c): ;? :):H+;;d * ) ): ; ' ' ):H+; ) ' " ' G7

164 $4 * 6 )" +: ; 34 ) I / 8 &@&'& + % 23)< &4 % 2-K1F-?L )28 _ 8: ;3 4 % &' K1F-?L! ) &1F-? ) & :X; G=

165 $4, %2& %2 )28 )):1&; / )7 )7? :):1&;; 2/H : ;? :; 2/H7!: ;? :)7; +%2" * F :;) & & 6 ):1&;b?:2; :7 ; F 3 4' :@; I&/ 1& <H,? P ) 7 ):1&;b?:2; c: ;? )difrhc: ;)7d )? :):1&;;#)7? :):1&;;; % 23) J4 % 2-K*)IFL )28 34% KRI/HF?L )28 %34 % 3 '4 K*)IFL 7? G@

166 $4! F +: " ; " '<., %2&c? )difrhc? )7d:))7? ); +%2 ) ):;7 )? ):;7? ):; 2 : ;? ) 2 7 : ;? )7 %2" 7 ): ;b?:2; c d IFRHc 7d * F:; 5 :7; F :=; ' :@; Autres emplois : utilisation du signe [DANS] LSF? < &K!12L )28 )", : " **' & " " 3 GD

167 $4 4; ' K % 23.'J4 % 2-K?*I)?L )28 KI/L )28 K?1!?aRIF2L )28 K!12L )28 % 3).4! ) , %2&c/1):,;d +%2 c /1:;d %2" ):; 7 = λ λ c:;? /1:;d * ) &? V/1!:; " & /1:);,3*4 L % 23 P 4 % 2-K)F/L )28 KHR/))?L )28 KIFPL )28 K /2I1L ) % 3 IFP 4, GG

168 $4 %2&c:;? ):,;d +%2 c:) ;? ): ;d %2" * F : ;' F 3 4:;I 3: ;b 4:7;" '&IFP"& & ' :=; 3 4:@; 7 : ;b = IFPb? )b G>

169 $4 L& % 23/ P 4 % 2-K)F/L )28 KHR/))?L )28 KIFPL )28 K /2I1L )28 K!12L )284 % 3 P 4, 2" )F/ 7 :; = )b/1:): ;; D λ)λc:;? /1:);d * ) ) & " /1:): ;;K!12L )28 & "/1:): ;; GC

170 $4 ) &K!12L )28 ' ) &K!12L )28 < ) + 07 % 23? 4 % 2-K!12L )28 :2;, % * ) &K!12L )28 ) + + ",:" 5 % 5; 3,4 & + 2 2,, &, 6 07& % 2S5S % 2-K!12L )28 5:2;, cdoo,? V/1:):,;::;;]):,;b:2; % GA

171 $4 oo,? V/1:):,;::;;]):,;b5:2; Emplois temporels " +! l l + :l ml:; ml ml m; & ": ; ' & :lml mlm; >B

172 $4 R 00 % 23 4 % 2-K!12HI/212L )28 % 3 4! 1 &K1L", )." & l &m) & 3=4 ', % " cr :;? 2 :HV2V;d :HH7;b=,:; H &8 34 +b, " 7 H = R :;2 :2H; 2 * ) " 3=4 2 :2H; H7 >

173 $4 H=?:;:; & :7;, :=; >7

174 $4 ' 0-#8. % 2'2+)[ % 2-K!H?L )28 KL )28 K2? H?$?L )28 ):;_ & K?%F L )28 KHH?1HH2L )28, %2"?:2+; &????7[ 8 &@7 &7 * ) &K!H?L )28 ' <+,+: ;< +" : & ; 2+) ' " < )+ + >=

175 $ Synthèse : H ' & ', " 2 &5<"" /1+ +, " 5 ' 3*I1H?11HJ*I1H?1F4,'<< 2<& < " && 5,< +*< ",/ + 3 &4'" " &K!12L )28 ' + * "' && ' ) " % Réseau sens forme : autour de l'idée d'intériorité 1& < < " & /1:);* 5 & 3 & ' 4*&T &K!12L )28 " + ' 1 3 ' + & 4* % " &, % + &K!12L )28 % & " >@

176 $4 *", 9 " &1 ", " " >D

177 2 ' + & 2! 2! 1 i K!12L )28 5 * ' 2<E K!12L )28 S*S + &, <+ ' : 2DC3 2? 8 2>C@ ' : 2A +b ' : 2=?:2;b) '. & : &; ' $! & 2<< & - 82<> ) ) & & - 82< >G

178 $4 >>

179 $4 2.2 Repérage d'une entité sous une autre. idée de SOUS / DESSOUS * + 5 <SS9 SS/,+% &" )28I"5' ' 34I, ),K8&AAGLK 7BB7L 9 M " : + J + ;"<,, R < "< < : + 34; ) )28 ' Emplois spatiaux &' + 8 &@=' + 01/ % HS)*-+S % 2-KH$)?L )28 8:H$)?;_K*-L%_34 % 3+'U &%& 4! ) +) & :&;)<+ <, >C

180 $4 %2 +%2" ) + :H+;b)7? *U &&:;? %&::):+;q:)7;;;] I b+ * & &" )& + )7)< ' < ))7)< '? ):+;:; :7; :=; ):+;:@; + :D; ):+; 7 ::):+;;; = U :):+;b)7 D H,? :7=; ]? )7 ::):+;;;: b7=;] +b& >A

181 $4 &' < " 8 &@@' Y " 04 % HS/,S % 2-K )H?FL )28 8: ;%3H4%3&4 % 34? ) + )! < " ) < /, ) & < I< +)<+ "" &, %2 ")28 +%2" ) ):; :):;b)7!:;? %&::):+;q:)7;;; ]I bi :; CB

182 $4 * & &" ) & )7 )< '< ))7)< 34 ):; 7 ::):;;; = :;? ::):+;;;] +b& C

183 $ &@D& % 23)< 4 % 2-KH*H?FL )28 % 8:+;%_KI/2?FL )28 34 % 3' '4! ) &,+ ), %2 )):H;#)# )b:):h;; /I? /1:);]I b+ +%2" C7

184 $4 ):; 7 :): ::):;;b) D c: ;? V/1:);d * & & " ):;& + )" &):; )< ' )' )< ) C=

185 $4 &' & )I* 8 &@G) < 0J % 23 &4 % 2-KR/))-?L%!:8;% 8:8;_ & KE$/H?L K/2I1L % 3 &'9'+ '4! D ) &&+ < ) & :+ ; < < &, %2 C@

186 $4 ) ): &;# ::): &;;b)7#= )=/1:)7; 7? )=]I b+ +%2" ): &; 7 :):R &;;]:): &;;? ) = ::): ::): &;;b)7 D :;b)=])=/1:)7;])= G b:): ;;:E+ : ;;]):) ;)= * 1 ):R &;:;" ):7;! & :::): &;;:=;# & + )7:& &;:@;' " 3 &4 )=" ' :): ;:+ : ;;:DG;): ; )=:G; CD

187 $4! + F " +F +' +& ) + + 0I 8 &@>&'< < +'+ % H3) 4! ) '" "" + + " & +', %2 CG

188 $4 ) )8: ; :);b))b)/?fy/1r/2/$)?:i+; 7? V/1:);]I b+ +%2" * ) + +'+ 1):;+:7; ):=; :@; & " + ", ":D; : ;b) 7 = &:2;b2 D c:;? );d] +b34 C>

189 $ Domaine notionnel? R 0K % H3/ <& 4 % 2- I/? )IX? _ & < HR/))??2 I12$/)/H? < -/*F)HF?/1/2H?? % 3 + & 4 0K& % H3/ 4 % 2-K)F/L < _& < K*I1!?L < KI/LKHR/))?L % 3 4! 2 )28 & "" " CC

190 $4 & + & & I " & & ' " 3 4 WHR/))? ) Y1: ; 8 &@C&' Le réseau de situation ci-dessous reprend l'analyse de ces exemples : & & 349 +)28 ) & )28 M : &' P; <,9 M )28" + 2 & 5 +< " +34 ")28)5 " ) < " + & 5<<& < + 34 ) + ', " Réseau sens forme : idée de sous 1 " +! % )"& /,& ' CA

191 $4 % )"&, < < < % )"& ' /,,! + + ) + " : +; )& + < " < < "! ) & &43 "4 " )28 '" 5 : ;* & ')28',K*I 1!?L " )28 " 1 ", + 3&' & 4 * & & : ;" + AB

192 $4, & ' R + & 1 + 2! < 11* 2<3? + ) Y &!! & O /2<?! I! PQ'M 2<@C<; 2 ' :8 2<=! & O! ' /2<A &'& 8 &@A 8/ 3 Analyse de l'idée de "monter" ) = + & ), ' ) & A